...Infancy 0 – 3 years When a baby is born it has neck muscles that are weak and cannot support the baby’s head. When a baby is held it is important to support the head otherwise it will fall backwards and this can cause the baby pain. At this stage the baby doesn’t have back muscles so therefore cannot sit up. If a baby at this age is put on their stomach they will lie with their knees up to their abdomen. New born babies have an automatic reflex action called the grasp reflex. At this age the baby is still short sighted and will follow people and objects in front of them but will spend a lot of their time looking at their hands. Babies that are newborn start their intellectual development by exploring using their sense though sight, touch, hearing, smell and taste. A newborn baby will use body movements to express pleasure when it is given to them. Newborn babies communicate with their arms and legs, they respond to high pitch noises with their eyes and when they are hungry and in need of something they cry, they also cry if they are lonely or need comforting. Around one month old the baby recognises their parents and begin to smile when they are seen. 3 Months At this stage the baby starts gaining control of their head as the neck muscles are becoming stronger so when the baby is pulling into a sitting position or picked up there is little head lag. Also at this stage the baby can sit with their back fairly straight whilst being held and supported. When lying on their front...
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...to 2 years old. I chose this stage of development because I am a first time mom to a 3 month old, so I am just learning about the ages from birth to 2 years old. At first infants genuinely require more from their parents (Drago, 2009). During the first 3 months babies do not have any organization and only gradually become more organized (Brooks, 2010). Newborns usually sleep between 16 and 18 hours a day (Brooks, 2010). Normally newborns do not sleep through the night and they require more feedings, diaper changes, and so forth (Drago, 2009). Between the first 6 and 12 months babies start to sleep longer at night, between 8 and 12 hours (Brooks, 2010). Also at this time babies become more alert during the day, and also investigating the world with their eyes (Brooks, 2010). At first infants live in the present but by the age of 8 or 9 months they realize that other people and objects are separate from themselves (Brooks, 2010). At about 9 or 10 months infants look for guidance through their parent’s expressions and emotions (Brooks, 2010). In the middle of the second year infants fantasize and pretend play copying their parents and siblings (Brooks, 2010). Infant’s smiles and cries are early forms of communication, and gradually evolve into cooing and babbling (Brooks, 2010). On average, infants say two or three words by 1 year, 50 words by 18 months, and over 300 by the age of 2 (Brooks,2010). At every age infants understand more words...
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...Child Survival in Bangladesh KEY STATISTICS Under-five mortality rate (deaths per 1000 live births) Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (deaths per 1000 live births) Percentage of child deaths between age 1 and 17 due to injury Infants fully vaccinated by 12 months (%) All data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2007, except: * Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey 2003 ** EPI Coverage Evaluation Survey 2009 65 52 37 38* 75** BACKGROUND Bangladesh has made significant progress in improving the health of its children. It is one of the few countries in the developing world that is on track to achieve Millennium Development Goal 4: reducing the under-five mortality rate by two thirds by 2015. Bangladesh is among only six countries in the world that have reduced by half or more their child mortality rate since 1990 (from 151/1000 in 1990 to 65 in 2007). The infant mortality rate has also significantly declined to reach 52 deaths per 1000 live births in 2007 from 117 deaths/1000 in 1990. Despite these inroads, challenges remain. While the mortality rates have improved overall, major inequalities among the population need to be addressed. The under-five mortality rate is 86/1000 for the poorest quintile while the richest quintile records only 43/10001. The recent Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey conducted in 2009 also shows huge geographical disparities with the least performing district, Sherpur, recording 102 deaths...
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...INTRODUCTION Children’s acquisition of language has long been considered one of the uniquely defining characteristics of human behaviour. Still today, it is the commonly held belief that children acquire their mother tongue through imitation of the parents, caregivers or the people in their environment. Linguists too had the same conviction until 1957, when a then relatively unknown man, A. Noam Chomsky, propounded his theory that the capacity to acquire language is in fact innate. This revolutionized the study of language acquisition, and after a brief period of controversy upon the publication of his book, Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, in 1964, his theories are now generally accepted as largely true. As a consequence, he was responsible for the emergence of a new field during the 1960s, Developmental Psycholinguistics, which deals with children’s first language acquisition. He was not the first to question our hitherto mute acceptance of a debatable concept – long before, Plato wondered how children could possibly acquire so complex a skill as language with so little experience of life. Experiments have clearly identified an ability to discern syntactical nuances in very young infants, although they are still at the pre-linguistic stage. Children of three, however, are able to manipulate very complicated syntactical sentences, although they are unable to tie their own shoelaces, for example. Indeed, language is not a skill such as many others, like learning...
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...INTRODUCTION Children’s acquisition of language has been considered one of the uniquely defining characteristics of human behavior. Still today, it is the commonly held belief that children acquire their mother tongue through imitation of the parents, caregivers or the people in their environment. Linguists too had the same conviction until 1957, when a then relatively unknown man, A. Noam Chomsky, propounded his theory that the capacity to acquire language is in fact innate. This revolutionized the study of language acquisition, and after a brief period of controversy upon the publication of his book, Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, in 1964, his theories are now generally accepted as largely true. As a consequence, he was responsible for the emergence of a new field during the 1960s, Developmental Psycholinguistics, which deals with children’s first language acquisition. He was not the first to question our so far mute acceptance of a debatable concept – long before, Plato wondered how children could possibly acquire so complex a skill as language with so little experience of life. Experiments have clearly identified an ability to discern syntactical nuances in very young infants, although they are still at the pre-linguistic stage. Children of three, however, are able to manipulate very complicated syntactical sentences, although they are unable to tie their own shoelaces, for example. Indeed, language is not a skill such as many others, like learning to drive...
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...Infant Feeding in the Context of HIV FACILITATOR’S MANUAL TOSOUTH SOUTH THE SOUTH TO SOUTH PARTNERSHIP FOR COMPREHENSIVE FAMILY HIV CARE AND TREATMENT PROGRAM (S2S) South Africa has the largest HIV burden of any country in the world, with an estimated 5.7 million people living with the virus. Women and children remain at the centre of the pandemic in terms of transmission, vulnerability and potential for impact. To continue to build on the existing successes of South Africa’s antiretroviral (ARV) program, the capacity for HIV disease management must be enhanced. It is essential that HIV disease management transition from an individual case management to a family-centred and chronic-care approach targeting and prioritising pregnant women and children. Enrolling pregnant women and children into HIV care and treatment early and regularly can prevent new HIV infections and reduce morbidity and mortality, effectively sustaining the quality of life of mothers, their children, and their families. The scale up of effective prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and paediatric ARV care and treatment programs are crucial in the fight against HIV but are challenged by many factors including perceived complexity of treating pregnant women and children, inadequate paediatric and PMTCT knowledge and clinical skills, lack of psychosocial and adherence support, delays in integrating PMTCT services with antenatal and child health management systems, and gaps in referral...
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...Infancy 0 – 3 years. • Childhood 4-9 years. • Adolescence 10-18 years. • Adulthood 19-65 years. • Older Adulthood 65 years + • Final Stages of Life. Conception is when the ovary must have released an egg, this is then drawn down the fallopian tube towards the uterus. This usually occurs halfway through the menstrual cycle. In the process of these, the lining of the womb is preparing for the occurrence of a pregnancy and thickens its lining by increasing blood flow to the thinning blood mucus to allow sperm to enter. During sexual Intercourse, between a man and a woman sperm is ejaculated into the vagina. Once the sperm enters the uterus, it tries to find the egg which is at the lower end of the fallopian tube. Male semen contains several million sperm, but only one will be needed for conception, and that single sperm cell contains the father's genetic contribution to the baby. Each sperm contains 23 chromosomes and each egg contains 23 chromosomes. The sperm can swim, and need to be able to do so as they have to move through the cervix, into the uterus and along the fallopian tubes. During sexual intercourse millions of sperm are ejaculated by a man. The sperm swims through the uterus and fertilizes the egg in the fallopian tube. The sperm and egg combine to form a ball of cells. After 36 hours the egg starts to divide, the collection of the cells is called an embryo. Once the sperm and egg have fertilized, this creates the DNA of the Baby. At 25 days the heart chamber...
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...assignment and describe their physical, intellectual, emotional and social development for each of their life stages. The individual I have chosen is Michael Jackson, I have chosen him because I think that his life was very interesting and I’d like to explore all the other aspects of this life. I will need explain what I think could/should happen to Michael Jackson at each life stage. Conception Michael Jacksons parents Katherine Jackson and Joe Jackson would have conceived Michael around about November 1957.Conception is the making of a new beginning of life , now each women should be born with a full functioning birth system sometimes when a women does not function properly she may not be able to have children and conceive. Each month hormones are released such as follicle stimulating hormone and estrogen, these hormones help follicles develop and help the uterus to get thick and to get prepared for the fertilization of an egg. Each egg leaves the woman’s ovaries and it goes into the fallopian tube, then after this process it gets travelled through to the uterus. It all starts during intercourse, when a man has intercourse with a woman he inserts sperm into her vagina about 250 million sperms would have been ejaculated into the vagina. Every sperm looks the same as it has a long tall to enable it to swim and force itself up to the fallopian tube. This is where all the magic happens in the woman fallopian tube, the tube is about 10 cm long and here is where fertilization...
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...some, where this issue has been resolved. In this essay, I am going to discuss and analyze examples provided by Lee to show how other societies reached individual autonomy through the cultural practice of child-rearing In different society, child rearing takes its own form. In certain societies like a Sikh household, children are treated with respect since birth (Pg 7). In a Navaho tribe, a child and an adult are the same, there is no distinction, and this is a form of respect they show (Pg 12). Lee further discusses the Wintu Indian society and how individual autonomy is resolved through their own form of child bearing. They believe that guidance rather than command is most suitable because it does not affect a child’s personal autonomy (Pg 9). It gives the child the freedom to be and to act and not be restricted, something the western culture fails to realize. Lee tells us a time she visited a Sikh household, a small boy when ask to entertain his baby brother, “he did not show the baby how the truck worked…he gave the truck silently” (Lee 6). If a child were given a truck in America, the child...
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...booster for the latter every 10 years after an initial childhood series. 2. Getting vaccines helps protect kids -- especially babies too young for vaccines. Whooping cough vaccines are recommended for pregnant women (preferably between 27 and 36 weeks' gestation) and people who have contact with young babies. The same is true for the flu vaccine. There’s no flu vaccine licensed for infants younger than 6 months old. “We call that creating a cocoon of protection around the baby.”. 3. Some vaccines are just for adults. The shingles vaccine is a good example. Shingles (also known as herpes zoster or zoster) is caused by a reactivation of the chickenpox virus. It can cause a severe and painful skin rash. The risk for shingles increases as a person ages. The vaccine is recommended for adults 60 and older. 4. You may need them when you travel. Headed to the developing world? You may run into illnesses you’d never find at home. The yellow fever vaccination is required for travel to parts of sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America. The Saudi Arabian government also requires the meningococcal vaccination -- but only for travel during the hajj, or annual pilgrimage to Mecca. You can check the CDC's web site for details about what you may need for your destination. 5. Everyone needs a flu vaccine, every year. The CDC recommends that everyone 6 months of age and older get a flu vaccine annually if they do not have a medical reason not to receive the vaccine. Each...
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...My Virtual Child, Peyton Basically, this is all about my virtual child, Peyton. That's all I will be talking about in this...I know it's exciting! Thursday, November 27, 2008 Bonus Assignment 1. Are there any issues you had with your parents, your school work, your friends, or your romantic involvements in the last year of high school that continued to be issues for you in college? First of all, don’t all teenagers have issues with their parents? I didn’t have a ton of issues with them as most kids did when I was in high school. My school work has always been pretty consistent with me staying on top of things and doing my homework when I was suppose to. My last year of high school is when I had my first real relationship and that continued into my first year of college, but it was no big thing. I really didn’t have too many issues in high school, I’m not saying that I was perfect, but I was very quiet and I only had one really good friend in high school. The only big issue that I had was I had a tough time having a good work ethic. I started working when I was 16 and let me just say I had terrible work ethics. My parents had to help me come to like to work and appreciate what I was working for. By the time I got into college, this wasn’t a problem anymore. 2. Reflect on your own personality, interests and cognitive abilities at the time you graduated high school. How did these personality characteristics and abilities manifest themselves in subsequent years? How have they...
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...feasibility study is important because the information it gathers and presents helps people list everything they need to make a business work, develop marketing strategies to persuade an investor or bank that the business is a worthwhile investment and identify business-related problems and solutions. The project feasibility may form the basis of an important investment decision and in order to serve this objective, the document/study covers various aspects of project concept development, start-up, and production, finance and business management. 2. Project Profile The project is about starting a Day Care Center for infants and children of age up to 5. The proposed plan is to offer programs ranging from Infant Care for infants of more than 6 months of age to Kindergarten for children of age up to 5 years. 2.1 Project Brief The study provides information regarding investment opportunity for setting up a Day Care Center in Comilla City. However, such a project could also be feasible for other cities of Bangladesh but initial market research/survey would be required to identify its need. 2.2 Opportunity Rationale Day Care Center is the place where learning and fun become one and the primary place where young children learn social and pre-academic skills necessary for success in school. The Day Care’s infant program is centered on the natural curiosity and energy of very young children. Childcare programs and pre-school curriculums integrate a wealth of intriguing and engaging...
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...styling as well as thoroughly enjoys looking at the latest brands by designers such as Lauren Conrad and Whitney Port. The main stages are – Infant (0 – 1 year) Toddler (1 – 3 years) Pre-school child (3 – 5 years) School age (5 – 8 years) |Key stage |Growth |Physical |Intellectual (language and |Emotional/ | | | | |cognitive) |Social | |Infant (0 – 1|At the beginning of this |At the beginning of this stage, a |At the beginning of this |At the beginning of this stage,| |year) |stage, a baby weighs |child is able to hold their head |stage, a child is able to |a child enjoys feeding, being | | |somewhere between 6 pounds,|up for several seconds. In |recognise their mother's or|talked to and having cuddles. | | |2 ounces (2,812 grams) and |addition, they are able to hold a |carer's voice. |They are...
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...Running head: Post-9/11 Veterans with PTSD: A battle with smoking Proposal Paper for Post-9/11 Veterans with PTSD: A battle with smoking Morgan Mathews and Brenda Pizana The University of Texas at Arlington College of Nursing In partial fulfillment of the requirements of N5366 Principles of Research in Nursing Dr. Michelle Hampton, PhD, RN-CCRN, Clinical Faculty July 31, 2015 Pinch table Author/yr Design Sample Size Interventions Outcomes Notes Use of Learning Collaborative to Support Implementation of Integrated Care for Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Use of Learning Collaborative to Support Implementation of Integrated Care for Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 2014 Longitudinal, Time series Quasi- experimental study. Methodological Research Collaborative change framework using the learning collaborative model 70 staff members from 12 VA PTSD Clinics After training and development of a expert panel team, questionnaires evaluated how feasible and effective integrative care for smoking cessation using the Learning Collaborative Model. The LC model would be useful to implement integrated care to patients without interfering with treatment. The staff found it useful but difficult to communicate and meet with teams to train Unique challenges: different clinics...
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...sunscreen? 8. Any part of the rash blistering? 9. Anyone in your family have allergies? 10. Explain typical workday? 11. What type of clothing do you wear at work? 12. Are other workers affected or have this rash? 13. How long have you had the rash? 14. A detailed list needs to be provided at some point of chemicals used at work 4. What diagnoses will you include in your differential for John? • Atopic Dermatitis • Drug Eruption • Erythema Multiforme • Contact Dermatitis • Occupational Dermatitis (irritant) • Heat Rash 5. Who are you going to examine first? Will examine the Henry first because he is the primary patient, and examining John first may be dangerous if the skin rash he has is contagious may increases chance for cross contamination to the child and also to the mother. 6. What other information do you need to obtain in Henry’s history? • Eating Habits: willingness/unwillingness to feed, and how much the child actually eats. What does the child eat? • Does the child suffer from any chronic illness? • When was the last time the child has seen a physician? • Any issues before, during and/or after birth? Including Birth weight, Apgar scores, complications at birth, length of stay in the hospital, congenital abnormalities, neurologic issues, mother suffer from any disease, alcohol issues, drug issues, HIV, Nutritional health while pregnant • Any abuse/neglect suspected at the childcare center? • Any recent hospitalization? • Baby taken any medications? • How is urination...
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