...Case Study Application: L.B. Jensen Middle School 1. What is meant by the following terms: adequacy, equality, equitable, human capital, quality? Within the case study, all of the terms mentioned seem to directly apply to the student population, and what a school should be offering them. Also, is describes the qualities the leaderships members need to keep in mind. Everything is to be done for the betterment of the students, and these terms are there to justify that thought. Budgeting should be done with thoughts of the students at hand. All students are to be offered an equal, quality and fair opportunity at an education and these terms correlate with that. The bottom line to think about is that our students are an investment when it comes to budgeting and they need to be valued and that their best interest are at heart. This will help to determine what curriculum to purchase, which teachers to hire, what partnerships to make. All of this will be a part of the budget, but at the same time determine equality is being provided to the students. 2. How is the theoretical concept, “education must be viewed as an investment in human capital,” realized in your community? Provide concrete examples. Within my community, students are valued more than they will ever know. Recent examples to show this is true, is that recently our district has made partnerships that will increase the value of our students when they graduate. Our district is an online one with a brick...
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...Abstract: The Research gives the grievous effect on different parts of Fiscal policy that is affected by Hartal. As a result if the situation becomes entangled in a certain stage the wheel of the entire economy are bound to be halted abruptly and the country’s economy wil be destroyed. For this reason it is essential for our politician to search an alternate of Hartal. The Research identifies a disappointing fact that Hartal imposes a large cost on the economy. Also it attempts to explore the negative impacts on GDP and revenue collection. Based on the findings, a number of suggestive policy measures that the planners and implementers may consider for the future development of political situation in Bangladesh are embedded in the end of the Research. Title of the Research: “Fiscal Policy and Hartal: A Case Study on Bangladesh from 2013 to 2014; specially on the Last National Election Period in Bangladesh”. Intruduction: Fiscal policy is very much related to the Public Finance in the Macroeconomics. Fiscal policy means the process by which government’s expenditures, tax rates and budgets would be monitored the national economy.The term “Hartal” basically comes from Gujarati language. “Hat” means market and “tal” means tala or lock, which referred to locked market or bazaar“bondh.” Hartal was first used during the Indian Independence Movement. It is a way of mass protest often involves a total shutdown of workplaces, offices, shops, courts of law with the object of realizing a...
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...Question : The time between the legislation of fiscal policy and its effect on output and employment is called 2. Question : The federal income tax is 3. Question : The largest single item in the federal budget is 4. Question : The Investment Tax Credit 5. Question : The measured deficit would be larger if 6. Question : Opponents of discretionary fiscal policy believe that it 7. Question : Keynes blamed economic downturns primarily on 8. Question : Keynes argued that planned saving was 9. Question : A structural deficit 10. Question : When aggregate planned expenditure falls short of potential output, the economy experience Course Home Work aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of ECO 203 Week 3 Quiz in order to ace their studies. ECO 203 WEEK 3 QUIZ To purchase this visit following link: http://www.activitymode.com/product/eco-203-week-3-quiz/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM ECO 203 WEEK 3 QUIZ ECO 203 Week 3 Quiz 1. Question : The time between the legislation of fiscal policy and its effect on output and employment is called 2. Question : The federal income tax is 3. Question : The largest single item in the federal budget is 4. Question : The Investment Tax Credit 5. Question : The measured deficit would be larger if 6. Question : Opponents of discretionary fiscal policy believe that it 7. Question : Keynes blamed...
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...Latin word Macros which means big. The field of economics that studies the behavior of the aggregate economy. Macroeconomics examines economy-wide phenomena such as changes in unemployment, national income, rate of growth, gross domestic product, inflation and price levels. Macroeconomics Concerns | Production | Prices | Income | Employment | NationalProduction/OutputTotal Industrial OutputGross Domestic ProductGrowth of Output | Aggregate Price LevelConsumer pricesProducer PricesRate of Inflation | National IncomeTotal wages and salariesTotal corporate profits | Employment andUnemployment in theEconomyTotal number of jobsUnemployment rate | Therefore, as is clear from the above, the following issues/subjects define the scope of Macro Economics: 1. Aggregates of national income and its determination 2. Theories of Income and Employment. 3. Theory of Money and Banking. 4. Fiscal Theory. 5. Balance of Payment. Scope and Importance of Macro Economics Macro Economics is of much theoretical and practical importance. Let us see what are the importance and the scope where macro economics are being used. 1. To Understand the working of the Economy The study of macro economics variables is requisite for considerate the operation of the financial system. Our main economic complexities are associated with the performance of total income, irredundant and the normal price scale in the fiscal. These variables are geometrically measurable in this manner facilitating...
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...Introduction Fiscal policy generally refers to the use of taxation and government expenditure to regulate the aggregate level of economic activity in a country. Fiscal policy in Bangladesh basically comprises activities, which the country carries out to obtain and use resources to provide services while ensuring optimum efficiency of the economic units. The policy influences the behavior of economic forces through public finance. Major objectives of the fiscal policy of Bangladesh are to ensure macroeconomic stability of the country, promote economic growth, and develop a mechanism for equitable distribution of income. The main tools to achieve these objectives are variation in public revenue, variation in public expenditure, and management of public debt. These are reflected in the budgetary operations of the government, prepared and implemented on year-on-year basis. While the Government’s fiscal strategy emphasizes the need for maintaining overall Macroeconomic stability and fiscal sustainability, the government is investing substantially in building physical infrastructure especially in the communication and Power sector as well as in developing human resources for achieving growth and augmenting the development process – necessary conditions for reducing poverty. The present government has planned to raise the level of investment to 30-32 percent of GDP in order to achieve a GDP Growth rate of 8 percent by 2013 as envisaged in “Vision 2021”. This investment...
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...Economics for Business Individual Essay Fiscal Policy According to Driver, (2010, p. 86) fiscal policy is the collective government policy relating to spending and taxation and is usually used to evaluate how government policies affect the economy at large. There are two very crucial objectives of fiscal policy; first is to distribute the goods that contribute to the welfare of the public and long-term growth of the economy and secondly is to facilitate the stabilization of the cyclical fluctuation of the economy (Carmignani, 2013, p 1). As a supplement, on the other hand, the budget facilitates the accomplishing of these objectives. The purpose of this discussion will be evaluating the fiscal policy as implemented by the government of Australia between 2010 and 2015. The study will state whether the Australian Government followed expansionary or contractionary fiscal policy over the stated period. The study will also discuss on whether budget deficit always indicate an expansionary fiscal policy and whether budget surplus always indicate that fiscal policy is contractionary. The study will also look into the May 2015 budget to determine whether the Australian government implemented the expansionary or contractionary fiscal policy. Finally, the study will ascertain on the effectiveness of the Australia’s fiscal policy between 2010 and 2015. Fiscal Policy between 2010 and 2015 The two approaches of fiscal policy are expansionary policy and contractionary policy. Under expansionary...
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...evidence from a panel of eight Central and East European countries Matthieu Llorca & Srdjan Redzepagic a b a b LEG/FARGO, University of Dijon, France CEMAFI, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France Version of record first published: 16 May 2008. To cite this article: Matthieu Llorca & Srdjan Redzepagic (2008): Debt sustainability in the EU New Member States: empirical evidence from a panel of eight Central and East European countries, Post-Communist Economies, 20:2, 159-172 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631370802018882 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use...
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...Problem Statement Rising rate of inflation in Pakistan in last decade, factors that impact this rise in inflation. The factors are monetary i.e. money supply, exchange rate and real GDP and other factors are banking and non-banking borrowings. Research attempts to give solutions for problem that how, why, and when these factors affect the rate of inflation. Research is aimed to identify reasons due to which inflation is rising in Pakistan and give solution for this problem. Review of Literature Inflation & Importance The general movement of a country's overall price level is of primary concern to all and more so if the movement is upward. The problem of inflation has virtually become a major concern for all economies - over the last few decades, Inflation has been accelerating at an alarming rate in most of developing countries. (Mohammed Sabihuddin Butt and Haroon Jamal: A MONETARIST APPROACH TO INFLATION FOR PAKISTAN: Pakistan Economic and Social Review Vol.X XVI No.2 (Winter1988) pp 69-87) Inflation adversely affects the overall growth, the financial sector development and the vulnerable poor segment of the population. There is clear consensus that even moderate levels of inflation damage real growth. Inflation decreases the real income and also induces uncertainty. Considering such adverse impacts of inflation on the economy, there is a consensus among the worlds' leading central banks that the price stability is the prime objective of monetary policy and...
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...Political Economy of Fiscal Policy: A Look into Bangladesh Case Content * Aim of the Paper * Concepts on Fiscal Policy * Fiscal Policy: Definition and its Role in the Economy * Fiscal Policy in the Developing World * A Brief Overview of Political Economy * Approaches to Fiscal Politics * Characteristics of Fiscal Policy in Bangladesh * Political Culture in Bangladesh and Effect on the Economy * References Aim of the Paper * To analyze how political variables affect the fiscal policy decision making process and study the political process and culture and the institutional constraints in context of Bangladesh to see the effect they have on the fiscal decision making * The research will be conducted through literature review and interview and based on the data between 1972 to 2012. Fiscal Policy: Definition and its Role on the Economy * Fiscal policy – essentially a budget policy encompassing all measures pertaining to the level and structure of government’s financial operations - public revenue, public borrowing and public expenditure . * It seeks to influence the aggregate demand curve through conscious setting of spending and taxation by government policymakers. Politics invariably affects the decision making process. * Basic goals of fiscal policy: * Attain full employment level of equilibrium * Maintain full employment once it is attained *...
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...An Essay on Fiscal Federalism Wallace E. Oates Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 37, No. 3. (Sep., 1999), pp. 1120-1149. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0515%28199909%2937%3A3%3C1120%3AAEOFF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A Journal of Economic Literature is currently published by American Economic Association. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/aea.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is an independent not-for-profit organization dedicated to and preserving a digital archive of scholarly journals. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. http://www.jstor.org Tue Apr 24 17:00:09 2007 Journal of Economic Literature Vol. XXXVZZ (September 1999) pp. 1120-1 149 An Essay on Fiscal Federalism 1. Introduction ISCAL DECENTRALIZATION is in vogue. Both in the industrialized and in the...
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...Study of market: The impact of OECD & EU regulations on the Government IT market. A. Subject and scope of the study The initial Business Strategic Review (BSR) made by the Government (GOV) Business Community in 2010 has shown a lack of reusable solutions from one country to another in the Public Sector. Therefore we would like to investigate a new way to build up an international cooperation and to derive national IT needs from international regulations issued far in advance. The main focus of the study should be on the impact of European (EU) and of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) directives and regulations on the European Member States (MS) in the area of Government-to-Government (G2G) collaboration between fiscal Administrations (typically Customs & Excises, but also VAT and more generally any Taxation department involved in fight against fraud or debt recollection at international level). Business-to-Government B2G exchange of information derived from such regulations, for instance between banks and their national fiscal Administration are also of interest since it can induce spin-off business for and enhance the synergy with the Private Sector. B. Objectives The objective is to detect national IT needs in fiscal area far in advance on base of international regulations issued a few years before in order : * to anticipate the Requests For Quotation (RFQ) * to amortize the non recurring cost of the developments...
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...CHAPTER - 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study 'Co-operative' refers to work together for common benefit. A co-operative organization is such an organization which is established by economically weak persons. This organization functions under their mutual co-operation of all the members. Specially, co-operative organization is such autonomous organization, which is established voluntarily by the group of persons for the fulfillment of the social, economical and cultural expectations with the democratic control and flow. If we analyze the history of it, we can find that it is the organization established by economically and socially exploited people from the rich businessmen. At the outset, the co-operative organization came into existence after the establishment of consumers co-operative society named as 'Rochdale society of equitable pioneers' in England by Robert Owen with the objective of saving poor people from economic exploitation, to eliminate the middlemen and to make the ideal society in October 24, 1944 A.D. After the establishment of it, such organizations were developed in Germany, Italy, France, and Japan in 1850 A.D. Sulj established a co-operative organization to save the farmers providing the loan at the lower rate of interest with the result of the development of co-operatives, International Co-operative Alliances were established in 1895 A.D. in England. "Co-operative is the form of organization in which persons voluntarily...
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...Applied Public Finance Fiscal Impact Analysis 3 - FIA 3 Assignment * Briefly describe (1-2 pages) the American Farmland Trust (AFT) Cost of Community Services methodology and illustrate the COCS approach from the Skagit County, WA case study. The American Farmland Trust Cost of Community Services methodology compares the ratio of expenditures to revenue for different land uses, which are used in municipal land-use planning. Land uses, from residential / commercial / industrial , agricultural / and open space, largely determine the different revenues and expenditures of the municipal government because they generated different amounts of revenue from being taxed at different rates. Expenditures also vary from municipal services because different services need to be provided per use like education, police protection, fire protection, roads, and other infrastructural uses. The basic methodology of CCS studies is to first partition land uses into three classes: residential, commercial / industrial, and agricultural / open-space. Expenditures and revenues from the municipal budget are then allocated to the three different land-use categories. Although the specific methodology for fiscal allocations differs among CCS studies, the final result is always a ratio of expenditures over revenues for each of the three land uses. For example, a residential ratio of 1.2 means that for every U.S.$1.00 of revenue raised from residential land uses, U.S.$1.20 of expenditures is spent...
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...NAME: ESSIEN, Idorenyin Eno EMAIL: idee.essien@gmail.com STUDENT ID NUMBER: R1504D7489 08 DATE: 19th October, 2015 ASSIGNMENT TOPICS: Question 1 * Comparing and contrasting business environments in 2 countries – Nigeria and United States by: * Evaluating how their business environment is influenced by government economic policy which may be identified through the application of economic theory. * Critically evaluating the local economic business environment measured against the choice of a comparative international economic and business system. (Pictorial techniques may be used which are appropriate to illustrate and justify the evaluation, e.g. Graphs, charts, economic curve diagrams, etc.) (700 – 1,000 words) Question 2 * Critical evaluation of measures used by governments and central banks to manage the economies of their countries. * By critically evaluating, using convincing arguments in support of the measures used to reduce, minimise or alleviate economic difficulties many countries face. (Examples should be used in the submission to illustrate the justified view) (1,100 – 1,500 words) 1. BUSINESS includes all doings linked with production, trade, banking, coverage, finance, energy, advertising, packaging etc. ENVIRONMENT refers to all external forces, which have comportment on the functioning of business. The environment includes factors outside the firm which can lead to opportunities for or threats to the firm. There is...
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...Reducing the School Budget Michael Williams Grand Canyon University: EDA-535 Professor Angie Smith September 17, 2014 The Education Reform dream Camden is In need of. What ails the City of Camden’s schools system was instinctively a lack of correct leadership to guide the Education Reform, policy into the right direction, and oversight is the blame of its downfall. Charter schools the answer or a failing problem designed to dismantle the public school system as we know it, and the door opener for the gravitation of for-profit companies to get right from the exploitation of a poor city, in need of the right vision to guide it back into sustainability. Is government oversight, the direction needed to build a promising tomorrow, in what is missing from the direction Camden is now viewed as or the get rich scheme companies have been waiting for to cash in on. The business end of school budgeting has relevancy, to the topic that Camden City now faces. The civil right movement generated several plans of action to help protect school districts from failing the constituents, the Equal Protection Clause, (Civil Right Clause, of 1964). In, 2011 the Governor of New Jersey, Chris Christie announced that Camden city schools lacked proper leadership, and began a campaign to takeover and usher the ailing school District into State compliance as the investing movement of Human Capitol, suggested by the Federal Board of Governor’s then chairman, Alan...
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