...selection of human behaviors that have been studied since the beginning of psychology in order to understand the full potential of humans and the way that they think, learn, and behave. Sigmund Freud has been predominantly influential in the study of human development and is the father of psychodynamics and the first to study human development and the inner working of the mind and since then child development has become a crucial aspect in virtually every field of psychology due to several influencing factors on childhood growth and experience (DeVitis, 2011). The stage theories are significant tools in understanding the psychology of human development. Each theorist offers logically uncomplicated justifications of human behavior. However, unanswered questions still arise as to how accurate a theory based on characterizing human behavior in general can be when applied to one particular individual. This paper will discuss and compare the evolutionary/Sociobiological, learning, and psychoanalytical theories and their similarities and differences in the overall development of the child (Savania, & all). Sigmund Freud who is often the most well-known person in the field of Psychology introduced the psychoanalytical theory. Freud believed that our subconscious and ego controlled much of our behavior. The learning theory, that was introduced, by Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, and John B. Watson, is that theory focuses on the fact that we learn by observing and behavior. Conditioning...
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...selection of human behaviors that have been studied since the beginning of psychology in order to understand the full potential of humans and the way that they think, learn, and behave. Sigmund Freud has been predominantly influential in the study of human development and is the father of psychodynamics and the first to study human development and the inner working of the mind and since then child development has become a crucial aspect in virtually every field of psychology due to several influencing factors on childhood growth and experience (DeVitis, 2011). The stage theories are significant tools in understanding the psychology of human development. Each theorist offers logically uncomplicated justifications of human behavior. However, unanswered questions still arise as to how accurate a theory based on characterizing human behavior in general can be when applied to one particular individual. This paper will discuss and compare the evolutionary/Sociobiological, learning, and psychoanalytical theories and their similarities and differences in the overall development of the child (Savania, & all). Sigmund Freud who is often the most well-known person in the field of Psychology introduced the psychoanalytical theory. Freud believed that our subconscious and ego controlled much of our behavior. The learning theory, that was introduced, by Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, and John B. Watson, is that theory focuses on the fact that we learn by observing and behavior. Conditioning...
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...FINAL ESSAY Your name Course Name Date 1. Describe the major hormonal changes that occur during adolescence. Describe girls’ reactions to menarche and boys’ reactions to spermarche during puberty. What factors influence the way adolescents respond? Describe the impact of puberty on parent–child interaction and the adaptive value of this change in adolescents’ relationships with their parents. Hormonal change is at its peak during adolescence and is a period of rapid psychological and physiological transformation. During puberty boys and girls sweat and their oil glands become more active. This will result in body odour and acne. They also get underarm and pubic hair in the body. The brain releases Gonadotropin – releasing hormone (GnRH) for stimulating pituitary gland. Pituitary gland is also known as the Master gland releases luteinizing hormones and follicle stimulating hormone. In boys, interstitial cell stimulating hormone and it stimulates interstitial cells to produce to from hormones in male organ of testicles. Both male and females have estrogens and androgen in their body in low level and after puberty, males begin to have more androgen including testosterone. In female they get more oestrogen as puberty crosses. Menarche is the first menstrual bleeding in a girl and her reaction to this event can be both emotional and physical. It is a sign of growing up and happens between the age of 9 and 15 years. The girls usually show stress, irritability and...
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...people may be faced with some challenge decision. Some don’t have a clear right or wrong answer. Other decisions involve serious moral questions. Making decisions on own is hard enough, but when other people get involved and try to make pressure the people one way or another it can be even harder. People who are teenagers and adolescence, like classmates, are called peers. When they try to influence how the act, to get to do something, it’s called peer pressure. It’s something everyone has to deal with, even adults. Maybe others want to do it, and just don’t have to courage to do it and friends talk them into it. Peer pressure can be broken down into two areas, good peer pressure and bad peer pressure. Peer pressure was always thinking of it in bad terms. In terms of pressuring others into, smoking, do illegal drugs, drink alcohol, have promiscuous sex, engage in criminal and quasi-criminal, behavior, do violence, join gangs, and so on. Thinking of the many good ways that peer pressure can influence and neither do the parents of teens. It is tough to be the only one who says no to peer pressure, but they can do it. Paying attention to feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help them to know the right thing to do. Inner strength and self-confidence can help to stand firm, walk away, and resist doing something when you know better. The peer pressure is the one of strong influences in...
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...ST GREGORY THE GREAT PROVINCIAL MAJOR SEMINARY NAME: SETH FRIMPONG COURSE: DIVERSITY OF PEOPLE AND CULTURES TOPIC: SOCIALIZATION 1.0 Definition / Scope Sociologists, Social Psychologists, anthropologists, as well as Educationalists and Politicians use the word “Socialization” in reference to the process through which an individual inherits the norms, customs and ideologies of the social order they live in. Socialization is necessary for making an individual capable of interacting within the society and a society itself shares the common values, customs, norms, traditions languages etc. Socialization is the process whereby the helpless infant gradually becomes a self-aware, knowledgeable person, skilled in the ways of the culture into which she or he is born. Socialization is not a kind of ‘cultural programming’, in which the child absorbs passively the influences with which he or she comes into contact. Socialization is a lifelong process by which one keep learning and developing oneself as a human being. Socialization process is very important as it teaches one to behave in a society. Without socialization, one would not be able to learn the accepted customs, norms, symbols, languages and behaviours. Socialization helps one develop and shape one’s place by learning social skills. Socialization in a layman’s sense is the process of learning from others. This learning process starts right after birth or after the emergence from the womb. It is Socialization...
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...Inquire, Inspire and Innovate BRM 2044 RESEARCH METHODS FOR BUSINESS The Factors Affecting the Purchase Intention of the Consumers toward Smartphone. TRIMESTER 2, 2012/2013 Lecturer: Wendy Teoh Ming Yen Lecture section | BM 202 | | Student’s Name | Student’s ID | Student’s Major | Signature | (Group Leader)Member 1: | THEO WAI KIAN | 1102700074 | BANKING AND FINANCE | | Member 2: | MAH JIA YEE | 1102701193 | BANKING AND FINANCE | | Member 3: | CHEN ZI XIANG | 1111112600 | HUMAN RESOURCE | | Member 4: | TAY KHENG GUAN | 1101106830 | HUMAN RESOURCE | | Table of Contents Index Page Cover Page 1 Contents 2-3 Chapters 1: Introduction 4-11 1.1 Introduction 4-6 1.2 Background of the research and research question 6-7 1.3 Research objectives 8 1.4 Significance and justification of the study 8-9 1.5 Research scope 9 1.6 Definition of the key terms 10 1.7 Organizational of Research 11 Chapters 2: Literature Review 12-19 2.1 Introduction 12 2.2 The theory 12-13 2.3 Dependent variable 13-15 2.3.1 Purchase intention of smartphone 14-15 2.4 Independent variables 15-19 2.4.1 Product features 15-16 2.4.2 Price 16-17 2.4.3 Brand name 17-18 2.4.4 Social influences 18-19 2.5 Conclusion 19 Chapters 3: Research Methodology 20-29 3.1 Development of Research framework and hypotheses 20-22 3.1.1 Social influences 21 3.1.2 Product features 21 3.1.3 Brand names 22 3.1.4 Price 22 3.2 Research...
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...Love fact #1 Love makes us crazy For one thing, love causes serotonin levels in the brain to drop, which may lead people to obsess about their lover. The levels of serotonin, a chemical produced by the body, are also low in people who have obsessive-compulsive disorder. Next, it ramps up production of the stress hormone cortisol, leading to slightly higher blood pressure and possible loss of sleep. Scientists at the University of London have found that when people look at their new lover, the neural circuits that are usually in charge of social judgment are suppressed. All in all, love kind of leaves you obsessive, stressed, and blind! Love fact #2 Broken hearts always hurt A new study suggests the psychological hurt of a break up is just as real as a physical injury. Two areas of the brain that respond to physical pain also become activated when a person is dealing with social or romantic pain, such as being dumped. The study’s authors at UCLA used an MRI to monitor brain activity in participants while they played a game simulating social rejection. The researchers believe that the pain of being rejected may have evolved as a motivating force that led humans to seek out social interaction, which is crucial for the survival of most mammals. Love fact #3 Kiss the right way Did you know there is a “right” way to kiss? People are more likely to tilt their heads to the right when kissing instead of left, says a report published in the journal, Nature. A scientist from...
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...THE EFFECT OF ADVERTISING ON CUSTOMER CHOICE A CASE STUDY OF CENTURY BOTTLING COMPANY LIMITED BY SEBYALA BOSCO 10/U/141910/BSE/PE A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR’S DEGREE OF BUSINESS STUDIES WITH EDUCATION OF KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY AUGUST 2013 DECLARATION I Sebyala Bosco Registration Number 10/U/141910/BSE/PE, declare that this research report entitled “The effect of Advertising on Customer Choice case study of Century Bottling Company Limited” is out of my own effort and it has never been submitted to any institution for any award. Sign …………………….. Date……………………………. Sebyala Bosco 10/U/141910/BSE/PE APPROVAL This is to certify that the research report entitled “The effect of Advertising on Customer Choice case study of Century Bottling Company Limited” by Sebyala Bosco registration number 10/U/141910/BSE/PE has been done under my supervision. The research report is ready for submission to School of Management and Entrepreneurship with my approval as University supervisor. Sign: ……………………………… Date:……………………….. Ms. Nakatete Phionah (Supervisor) DEDICATION I dedicate this report to my beloved father Dr. Bukenya John Vicent, my beloved mother Ms. Namuli Josephine, Mr. Lubega Fred and Haji Kazibwe, Prof. Kawuma, Hajjati Sarah...
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...a company’s marketing system. Some of them are controllable while some others are uncontrollable. It is the responsibility of the marketing manager to change the company’s policies along with the changing environment. According to Philip Kotler, “A company’s marketing environment consists of the internal factors & forces, which affect the company’s ability to develop & maintain successful transactions & relationships with the company’s target customers”. The Environmental Factors may be classified as: 1. Internal Factor 2. External Factor External Factors may be further classified into: External Micro Factors & External Macro Factors Company’s Internal Environmental Factors: A Company’s marketing system is influenced by its capabilities regarding production, financial & other factors. Hence, the marketing management/manager must take into consideration these departments before finalizing marketing decisions. The Research & Development Department, the Personnel Department, the Accounting Department also have an impact on the Marketing Department. It is the responsibility of a manager to company-ordinate all department by setting up unified objectives. External Micro Factors: 1. Suppliers: They are the people who provide necessary resources needed to produce goods & services. Policies of the suppliers have a significant influence over the marketing manager’s decisions because, it is laborers, etc. A company must build cordial & long-term relationship...
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...of the three; Socrates taught on the streets of Athens. Sources, such as the American Psychological Association, credit Plato, with founding the first formal institution of education, “After returning to Athens, Plato set up his own school, which was called the Academy. Philosophy and other subjects were taught there, and the Academy continued to produce scholars for many centuries after Plato died.” (Downey, 2006, para. 6). Aristotle, according to legend, was the teacher of Alexander the Great. The most notable theory from this time the Socratic Method, which consists of posing probing questions to students rather than espousing a hierarchy of knowledge. Brief History of its Founding Modern theories such as behaviorism, founded in the early twentieth century, are associated with theorists including Watson, Skinner, Pavlov and Thorndike. Watson known as the father of behaviorism proposed an alternative to the views of Wilhelm Wundt the founder of the discipline of psychology in1879. (Moore, 2011, p. 1). According to Moore, “Wundt assumed that the study of consciousness or subjective mental life was the appropriate subject matter for psychology.” (Moore, 2011, p. 1, para.1). Watson proposed that study and analysis should focus on observable behavior and that concerns with consciousness only hampered the process. (Driscoll, 2005, p. 31)...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The mass media, most especially television have gradually become a part of our daily lives, and sources of information, education and entertainment have been described as the primary functions of the media. Lasswell (1948) as cited in Folarin (2005, p.74) assigns three functions to the media: i. Surveillance of the Environment (the news function). ii. Correlation of the different parts of the Enviroment (the editorial function). iii. Transmission of the cultural heritage from one generation to the other (the cultural transmission function). The focus of the researcher in this study is not only on the entertainment function of the media, but the role the entertainment media especially television, plays in shaping social behaviour among teenagers in the society. Stephenson (1967) a British psychologist, as cited in Folarin (2005, p.170), divides man’s activities into work and play. The former involving reality and production, while the latter deals with entertainment, relaxation or self satisfaction. He further says that people use mass communication more as play than as work, more for pleasure and entertainment than for information and serious work. Folarin (ibid) corroborates this view by saying that one constant criticism of television in Nigeria is its focus on entertainment rather than on development purposes. There is no doubt that the impact of the media on young people’s lives is broadly considered within...
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...A STUDY ON DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP <<青年濫藥與家庭關係的研究 青年濫藥與家庭關係的研究>> 青年濫藥與家庭關係的研究 THE FINAL REPORT (FINAL version) February 2011 1 PREFACE The project on the study on “DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP” (“the Study”) is being undertaken by the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention and the Department of Social Work and Social Administration at the University of Hong Kong (“the Consultant”). The research team comprises the principal investigator (PI), Professor Paul YIP, Director of the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention and Professor of the Department of Social Work and Social Administration at the University of Hong Kong, and eight co-investigators (Co-Is), Dr. CHEUNG Siu Lan Karen (Demographer), Dr. Sandra Tsang (Social and Family Worker), Dr. Samson Tse (Focus group expert on mental health and drug abuse), Dr. Wong Oi Ling (Family therapist, Family Institute), Prof. Karen Laidler (Sociologist, expertise on assessing drug abuse problem), Dr. Paul Wong (Clinical psychologist), Ms. Frances Law (Social Worker), and Dr. Lilian Wong (Associate Consultant, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hospital Authority). We would like to thank Mr. Gary Ip, the research assistant of the Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Ms. Garlum Lau, the senior research officer 2 of the Department of Sociology, the participants and NGOs for focus groups and case studies for their kind and valuable...
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...Study Guide Essentials of Psychology By Robert G. Turner Jr., Ph.D. About the Author Robert G. Turner Jr., Ph.D. has more than 20 years of teaching and education-related experience. He has taught seventh-grade science, worked as a curriculum developer for the Upward Bound Program, and taught sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and honors seminars at the university level. As a professional writer, he has written nonfiction books, journal and magazine articles, novels, and stage plays. Contents Contents INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS LESSON ASSIGNMENTS LESSON 1: PSYCHOLOGY: THE SCIENCE OF THE MIND LESSON 2: THE MIND AT WORK LESSON 3: MOTIVATION, EMOTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND PERSONALITY RESEARCH PROJECT LESSON 4: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS LESSON 5: PSYCHOLOGY FOR TWO OR MORE CASE STUDIES SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 1 7 9 43 75 117 127 147 167 171 iii YOUR COURSE Instructions Instructions Welcome to your course, Essentials of Psychology. You’re entering a course of study designed to help you better understand yourself and others. For that reason, you can think of this course as practical. It should be of use to you in living your life and reaching the goals you set for yourself. You’ll use two main resources for your course work: this study guide and your textbook, Psychology and Your Life, by Robert S. Feldman. OBJECTIVES When you complete this course, you’ll be able to ■ Describe the science and methodologies of psychology in the context of its...
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...Educational Psychology: Developing Learners This is a protected document. Please enter your ANGEL username and password. Username: Password: Login Need assistance logging in? Click here! If you experience any technical difficulty or have any technical questions, please contact technical support during the following hours: M-F, 6am-12am MST or Sat-Sun, 7am-12am MST by phone at (800) 800-9776 ext. 7200 or submit a ticket online by visiting http://help.gcu.edu. Doc ID: 1009-0001-191D-0000191E DEVELOPING LEARNERS JEANNE ELLIS ORMROD Professor Emerita, University of Northern Colorado EIGHTH EDITION ISBN 1-256-96292-9 Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, Eighth Edition, by Jeanne Ellis Ormrod. Published by Pearson. Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Vice President and Editorial Director: Jeffery W. Johnston Vice President and Publisher: Kevin Davis Editorial Assistant: Lauren Carlson Development Editor: Christina Robb Vice President, Director of Marketing: Margaret Waples Marketing Manager: Joanna Sabella Senior Managing Editor: Pamela D. Bennett Project Manager: Kerry Rubadue Senior Operations Supervisor: Matthew Ottenweller Senior Art Director: Diane Lorenzo Text Designer: Candace Rowley Cover Designer:...
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...Educational Psychology: Developing Learners This is a protected document. Please enter your ANGEL username and password. Username: Password: Login Need assistance logging in? Click here! If you experience any technical difficulty or have any technical questions, please contact technical support during the following hours: M-F, 6am-12am MST or Sat-Sun, 7am-12am MST by phone at (800) 800-9776 ext. 7200 or submit a ticket online by visiting http://help.gcu.edu. Doc ID: 1009-0001-158C-0000158D Jeanne Ellis Ormrod Professor Emerita, University of Northern Colorado University of New Hampshire ISBN 0-558-65860-1 Boston ● Columbus ● Indianapolis ● New York ● San Francisco ● Upper Saddle River Amsterdam ● Cape Town ● Dubai ● London ● Madrid ● Milan ● Munich ● Paris ● Montreal ● Toronto Delhi ● Mexico City ● Sao Paula ● Sydney ● Hong Kong ● Seoul ● Singapore ● Taipei ● Tokyo Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, Seventh Edition, by Jeanne Ellis Ormrod. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Editor-in-Chief: Paul A. Smith Development Editor: Christina Robb Editorial Assistant: Matthew Buchholz Vice President, Director of Marketing: Quinn Perkson Marketing Manager: Jared Brueckner Production Editor: Annette Joseph Editorial Production Service: Marty Tenney, Modern Graphics, Inc. Manufacturing Buyer: Megan Cochran Electronic Composition: Modern Graphics, Inc. Interior Design: Denise Hoffman, Glenview Studios Photo...
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