...Report: Acceleration of gravity, g Introduction In this experiment you will be measuring the acceleration of gravity using a pendulum like apparatus. The value of g is an important issue as it forms the basis for many mathematical theories and allows for life to exist on this planet. If we keep in contact with the Earth, ordinary tasks will be very difficult. Establishing due value for the acceleration of gravity allows to utilise many of theories that could allow us to solve the big problems. Everyday life would be difficult if we did not have gravity, we would be constant free fall and stopping us to function as a society. The concept of zero gravity can be seen on the International Space Station (ISS), however theoretically they should be not experiencing as they as still in the Earth's gravity field however as the constantly circling the Earth to stay above the surface this causes a state of free fall allowing for the zero gravity to occur in the ISS. You will be using this setup to calculate the acceleration due to gravity using pendulum motion. The investigation is designed to demonstrate: • Air friction • Pendulum motion • Acceleration due to gravity Historical Context: Gravity has been long-known concept, first conceived Isaac Newton with the famous moment of the apple dropping on his head. With that remarkable accident, he derived the law of universal gravitational attraction. F =G ( m1 m2 ) d 2 F = Attraction force between two objects (N) G = Universal Gravitational...
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...value for Acceleration due to gravity using a pendulum I declare that this report is solely my own work and all sources have been referenced Vincent Ryan ___________ Term 4 2014 Teacher Mr. K. Todd Contents Aim: 3 Hypothesis: 3 Essential Theory: 3, 2 Variables 4, 5 Method: 5 Equipment list: 5 Practical Method Steps: 5 Data analysis steps: 6 Diagram: 2 Qualitative Observations: 7 Table of Results: Raw Data 7, 2, 9 Calculated Quantities: 20 Graphs: 20 Analysis of Data: 21 Percentage Difference: 21 Conclusion 21 Discussions: 12, 2, 14 Bibliography 2 Aim: To determine a value of acceleration due to gravity at Earth’s surface by measuring, calculating and observing the motion of a simple pendulum. Hypothesis: An experimental value of the acceleration due to gravity will be obtained however given the parameters of the procedure, experimental error and also considering that gravity within itself is inconsistent on Earth the result may vary ±5% of the averaged 9.84m-2. Essential Theory: Where: * g= Acceleration due to gravity * G= Universal gravitational constant * M=Mass of the earth * d= distance from the centre of the earth or the radius Using values for Earth: * G= (6.67 x 10-11) * Mearth= (6.0 x1024)kg * dearth = (6.378 x106)m ∴g=(6.67×10-11)(6.0 ×1024)(6378 ×103)2 ∴g≈9.84ms-2 Fg=Fw Fg=GmMd2 Fw=mg GmMd2=mg ∴g=GMd2 The symbol ‘g’ represents acceleration due to gravity...
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...Acceleration Due to Gravity Tushar Agarwal 17st November 2014 Aim-In this experiment I will be calculating the value of gravity by the drop of the ball. I will be measuring the distance and finding out the time . Distance will be changed however the size of the ball and the type of the ball will remain constant , The time will be then give me the value of gravity by the suvat equation ,where acceleration will be the subject . Background Knowledge.For an object to move, a force that is greater than its opposite force needs to act upon an object. Force =Mxa where in this case at least acceleration is due tp gravity . Every falling object accelerates at a constant rate and this happens simply due to the force of gravity ,so mathematically the distance “s” that the object is travelling is half the acceleration times of time squared additional to the initial speed and time . Now , We are going to make a the subject of the equation .After making a the subject of the equation we find out that the acceleration due to gravity is twice the distance of Time Squared will equal to acceleration due to gravity . The answer should be somewhere close to 9.81m/s-2 Time (m/s) Distance(m) The graph above shows the relationship between the two variables .In this experiment distance is the independent variable and Dependent variable is time . As Distance increases time will...
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...Motion of Freely Falling Objects Objectives: * To study the motion of free falling objects * To determine the acceleration due to gravity, g. * To derive quantities from the slope and intercept of graphs * To determine if the motion of a falling object changes by varying its mass Theory: The free fall is a known example or the most common example of a uniformly accelerated movement, with an acceleration a = -9.8m/s2 (vertical axis pointing vertically upward). If you choose the vertical axis pointing vertically downward, the acceleration is taken as + 9.8m/s2. The kinematic equations for a rectilinear movement under the acceleration of gravity are the same as any movement with constant acceleration: (1) v = vi - gt velocity as function of time. (2) y - yi = ½(vi + v)t displacement as function of time (3) y - yi = vit - ½gt2 displacement as function of time (4) v2 = vi2 -2g(x - xi) velocity as function of displacement The sub index i denotes initial quantities, g the gravity acceleration and t, the time. But for this type of motion, the displacement of the object as a function of time is described mathematically as: (5) ∆y=Vot + ½gt2 where Vo is the initial velocity of the object. If object if just drop velocity, Equation (5) becomes (6) ) ∆y=½gt2 Methodology Procedure: * A digital balance was used to measure the masses of the small and big steel balls. ...
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...EXPERIMENT #6: UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED MOTION: FREE FALL INTRODUCTION: A free falling object is an object that is falling under the sole influence of gravity. Any object that is being acted upon only by the force of gravity is said to be in a state of free fall. It is a motion of a body where its weight is the only force acting upon it. Our objective in this experiment is to measure the acceleration of a falling object assuming that only force acting on the object is the gravitational force. THEORY: As an object falls freely, it accelerates due to the applied net force. One equation of motion for a body starting from rest and undergoing constant acceleration can be expressed as: d = ½ at2 where d is the distance the object travelled from its starting point, a is the acceleration of the object, and t is the time elapsed since the motion began. PROCEDURE: Materials needed are: * Free fall apparatus * Small and Large metal ball * Smart timer * Clamp rod * Meter stick So first we measured the height of the release mechanism into 50 cm with the use of meter stick. In trial 1, we used small metal ball. Mounted the free fall adapter’s release mechanism horizontally in the clamp. We place the free fall adapter’s timing pad on the table directly below the release mechanism. We placed the metal ball in the release mechanism and pressed the spring loaded rod inward to hold the ball in the mechanism, and tighten the thumbscrew to hold the rod in place. Loosen...
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...Executive Summary In the system of a bouncing ball there are many factors which influence how the ball bounces. The 5 main components which affect how high the ball will bounce include the initial position of the ball, the initial velocity of the ball, the elasticity of the ball, the gravity of the selected area, and also the temperature of the material in which the ball was made from. These 5 major components of the basic system determine how high the ball bounces and how much energy was lost in the process of bouncing as well as allowing us to determine the relationship between these components and how each of these affects the overall system as a whole. However by changing these components of the system, it will dramatically change the overall results. In the system of a bouncing ball there already at secondary school level, illustrates Newton’s laws of motion and concepts of gravitational energy and kinetic energy with examples of objects dropped or thrown vertically and contains investigative activities about falling objects, the physics and mathematics. The fives main components which affect how high the ball will bounce they are initial position, the initial velocity, the elasticity, the gravity and the temperature of the material in which the ball was made from. These five major components of the basic system determine how high the ball bounces and how much energy was lost in the process of bouncing as well as allowing us to determine the relationship between these components...
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...Experiment on Measurement Motion Zia C. Martin Department of Math and Physics Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City zia12_martin@yahoo.com Abstract This paper aims to help identify the similarities and differences between walking, jogging and running motion. The motion of an object is the change in its position with reference to a fixed point. Increasing the speed means positive acceleration while decreasing speed means negative acceleration. When a moving body increases its speed with the same amount over a certain time interval, it has constant acceleration. I. Introduction: In this experiment, we’ll be able to determine the similarities and differences of walking,jogging and running. Motion is a change in position of an object with respect to time. Motion is typically described in terms of velocity, acceleration, displacement, and time. Motion is observed by attaching a frame of reference to a body and measuring its change in position relative to another reference frame. A body which does not move is said to be at rest, motionless, immobile, stationary, or to have constant position. An object's motion cannot change unless it is acted upon by a force, as described by Newton's first law. An object's momentum is directly related to the object's mass and velocity, and the total momentum of all objects in a closed system does not change with time, as described by the law of conservation of momentum. II. Theory In this activity, we learned to...
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...Chapter 3 Falling Objects and Projectile Motion Gravity influences motion in a particular way. How does a dropped object behave? !Does the object accelerate, or is the speed constant? !Do two objects behave differently if they have: !different masses? !different shapes? Acceleration Due to Gravity " Earth exerts a gravitational force on objects that is attractive (towards Earth’s surface). " Near Earth’s surface, this force produces a constant acceleration downward. # # # To measure this acceleration, we need to slow down the action. Galileo was the first to accurately measure this acceleration due to gravity. By rolling objects down an inclined plane, he slowed the motion enough to establish that the gravitational acceleration is uniform, or constant with time. Inclined Plane Experiment !Does the marble pick up speed as it rolls? !Is it moving faster at the bottom of the incline than it was halfway down? " Flashes of a stroboscope illuminate a falling ball at equal time intervals. " Distance covered in successive time intervals increases regularly. " Since distance covered in equal time intervals is increasing, the velocity must be increasing. " Average velocity for a time interval is given by dividing the distance traveled in that time interval by the time of the interval. " For example, between the 2nd and 3rd flashes, the ball travels a distance of 4.8 cm - 1.2 cm = 3.6 cm in a time of 0.05 s: ...
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...P03: Acceleration on an Incline (Acceleration Sensor) |Concept |DataStudio |ScienceWorkshop (Mac) |ScienceWorkshop (Win) | |Linear motion |P03 Acceleration.ds |(See end of activity) |(See end of activity) | |Equipment Needed |Qty |Equipment Needed |Qty | |Acceleration Sensor (CI-6558) |1 |Dynamics Cart (inc. w/ Track) |1 | |Angle Indicator (inc. w/ Track) |1 |Meter stick |1 | |Base and Support Rod (ME-9355) |1 |1.2 m Track System (ME-9429A) |1 | What Do You Think? When a sled accelerates down a snow-covered hill, on what does its acceleration depend? You may want to consider the height of the hill, the slope of the hill and the mass of the sled. How does its acceleration depend on the variable(s) you selected? Take time to answer the ‘What Do You Think?’ question(s) in the Lab Report section. Background A cart on an incline will roll down the incline as it is pulled by gravity. The direction of the acceleration due to gravity is straight down as shown in the diagram. The component of the acceleration due to...
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...Lab Report- Calculate and Prove the Acceleration Due to Gravity David Chen Introduction: We know that the acceleration due to gravity on the earth is 9.8ms -2. This acceleration is very important since we can use it to calculate gravity force, mass, and so on. In this lab, we use a free fall object to calculate its acceleration due to gravity to check if it is 9.8ms-2. We use the acceleration formula a=V2-V1t2-t1 to calculate the acceleration. Hypothesis: The acceleration due to gravity on the earth is 9.8ms -2. So in this lab, the acceleration in the result should also be 9.8ms-2 since the object experiences the free fall on the earth. Diagram: Free fall object diagram Free fall object diagram Motion detector Motion detector 1 meter 1 meter Point 2(V2 T2) Point 2(V2 T2) Point 1(V1 T1) Point 1(V1 T1) Free fall object Free fall object Method: In this lab, we used a motion detector to measure the velocities and times of the falling object. The range of the motion detector is one meter, so we have to drop the object from one meter above the ground. So to make the result more accurate, first we placed the motion detector on the top of the metal ring which is approximately one meter above the ground. After that we held the object under the motion detector. Then we started the motion detector and dropped the object at the same time. At last we observed the data in the computer provided by the motion detector. We chose two points which the falling object...
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...understand and explain the motion of objects moving in two dimensions. The most common example of an object that is moving in two dimensions is a projectile. Thus, Lesson 2 of this unit is devoted to understanding the motion of projectiles. A projectile is an object upon which the only force acting is gravity. There are a variety of examples of projectiles. An object dropped from rest is a projectile (provided that the influence of air resistance is negligible). An object that is thrown vertically upward is also a projectile (provided that the influence of air resistance is negligible). And an object which is thrown upward at an angle to the horizontal is also a projectile (provided that the influence of air resistance is negligible). A projectile is any object that once projected or dropped continues in motion by its own inertia and is influenced only by the downward force of gravity. By definition, a projectile has a single force that acts upon it - the force of gravity. If there were any other force acting upon an object, then that object would not be a projectile. Thus, the free-body diagram of a projectile would show a single force acting downwards and labeled force of gravity (or simply Fgrav). Regardless of whether a projectile is moving downwards, upwards, upwards and rightwards, or downwards and leftwards, the free-body diagram of the projectile is still as depicted in the diagram at the right. By...
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...number of different factors that must be considered. The major one is the fact that the gravity on the moon is one sixth that on Earth. Therefore in the high jump event the results on the moon will be better than the results on Earth. The reasoning behind this is because the acceleration down due to gravity will be less on the moon. On the moon the acceleration is 1.6 m/s2 and the acceleration on the Earth is 9.8 m/s2. A smaller acceleration in the opposing direction of which the jumper is trying to maximize her jump will be beneficial to her results. This is due to the decrease in the pull downwards on the moon compared to the pull downwards on Earth. Since we know the displacement (how high she jumped) on Earth is 2.06 meters, the initial velocity on both the Earth and the moon is 0 m/s2, and the acceleration on Earth is 9.8 m/s2 and on the moon its 1.6 m/s2,, we can determine the velocity on Earth. This value for the velocity will be the same on both the Earth and the moon therefore we have enough information to determine the displacement on the moon. The Olympic record for the women’s high jump on the Earth is 2.06 meters and the Olympic record for the women’s high jump on the moon would be 12.6175 meters. WEIGHTLIFTING When the Olympics are held on the moon and the weightlifting event takes place, the results on the moon will be better than the results on the Earth. This is due to the fact that even though the mass of the weights is going to be the same on both the...
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...Ball Bearing Drop Lab Bijay Gurung Nathan Wells September 21, 2014 Physics 2425 Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to calculate the gravity constant. Procedure: The materials needed for this experiments are standard mechanism which includes the time calculator, bearing, and a ruler. Student has to measure the distance of mechanism. Further we have to setup the mechanism by placing the bearing ball in the holding mechanism a distance h above the impact sensor. Once the bearing ball is released, an electronic timer will begin and finally halt once the steel ball has hit the impact plate. One student in a group records the time and repeats the trial for fifteen times. The free fall time, t, can then be used along with the distance h to calculate the acceleration of gravity. Theory: After obtaining the data, we have to convert the distance from cm to m. 1 cm=0.01m. The total height from where the bearing was drop is 173.7 cm=1.737m. We can find the acceleration due to gravity or g value by using the formula, g=2h/t^2, where ‘g’ is the acceleration due to gravity, ‘h’ is the height where bearing was drop from, & ‘t’ is time taken by bearing to hit the floor. For example, for the first trial we have the height of 1.737m, and time it takes was 0.5924s. We can calculate the ‘g’ value by, g=2h/t^2 g=2*1.737m/(0.5924s)^2=9.899 m/s^2 We can also use graphic calculator to find the time. In order to find the “g” by using graphic calculator, we have to list...
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...Introduction The first lab involved measuring g or measuring acceleration due to gravity. To measure the values of g we used two steel balls of different sizes, and dropped both balls from different heights. First we started by measuring the masses of each ball with the small steel ball having a mass of 15.8 grams, while the larger one had a mass of 28.8 grams a 13 gram difference. Then we dropped each ball from the same height starting at 87 centimeters. This measurement was from the bottom side of the ball to the timer pad. After both balls had been dropped at least three times from the same height, we would then change the distance that the balls fell. The height ranged from 87 centimeters down to 33.4 centimeters. The team measured the time that it took for each ball to drop from the starting point to the ground. We took a time measurement three times to be sure we some consistency. The following equipment was used to perform the experiment: * One 15.8 g steel ball * One 28.8 g steel ball * Timer (ME 9215A-1) * Triple Balance Beam (PHY 28) * Free Fall Apparatus (ME-9207B), Measuring Tape (39395). References and Sources Ellis, Steven. University of Kentucky Department of Physics and Astronomy Physics 241 Spring 2012 Laboratory Manual. 30 January 2012 Google Earth google.com 31 January 2012 Record of Post Lab Meetings Meeting #1 Attendees: Mattie Conley, Matt Hudzinski, and Reece Glenn Task: Finish Calculating analysis and tables used...
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...objects are different sizes, does that make a difference? Questions: 1. The acceleration due to gravity calculated this way works well for objects near the Earth’s surface. How would you have to change the above equation if the object was 100,000 meters above the ground? (Note: this question refers to Newton’s equation for the force of gravity between two objects. How would that change if the radius of the earth or distance were increased by 100,000 meters. To help you answer this question, please review your textbook, chapter 3, Newton’s law of Gravitation section.) F= (6.67 x10-11N.m2/kg2)(m1)(m2) 100,0002 G is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the center of the earth. 100 km above the earth's surface, g is reduced by a factor [6370/ (6370+100)] ^2 = 0.969 That would make it 9.51 m/s^2 6370 km is the radius of the earth. For questions 2 and 3, please consult the textbook and additional research materials on Newton’s Second Law of Motion. Pay particular attention to mass, gravity, acceleration and how they inter-relate. 2. How does air resistance alter the way we perceive falling objects? As a falling object accelerates through air, its speed increases and air resistance increases. While gravity pulls the object down, we find that air resistance is trying to limit the object's speed. Air resistance reduces the acceleration of a falling object. It would accelerate faster if it was falling in a vacuum. Neglecting...
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