... which highlights the sense of self that youth ranging from the age of 6 to 18 develop in school. In particular, it addresses the notion of how labeling children may likely lead to self-fulfilling prophesies. For instance, if a child is labeled as less capable or more incompetent than his fellow peers, his sense of self may plummet as a result and lead to him never performing to his maximum potential at any point in his academic career. The labeling theory resonates with the idea of tracking of students in the education system. Tracking in American education typically involves grouping and labeling sets of students as low-performing, average, or high-performing. Based on several previous studies in addition to the research carried out by the authors of the paper, The Economics of Tracking in Education, it is apparent that tracking “increases inequality without boosting efficiency.” In particular, one researcher stated that when comparing students categorized in the “upper group” in schools that utilize ability tracking, they outperformed similar students in other schools that did not use tracking. However, the same researcher also found that the students grouped into the lower ability category in the same schools that...
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...Low School Achievement is an pervasive and dramatic problem in US Schools. There are numerous factors that contribute to low achievement in schools. Some of those factors are external to schools; while others directly relate to what goes on within school buildings. In this paper, we will explore both external and school based causes of low achievement. Much research has been done on the impact of socioeconomic status on student achievement. The research clearly shows that there is a strong correlation between low socioeconomic status and negative school achievement. It is understood that it is not poverty itself, but the repercussion of poverty and the combination of multiple risk factors that have an impact on low student achievement....
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...Diversity A research gap is an aspect of research or a research question that has not been answered sufficiently in a study (Alvesson & Sandberg, 2013). A research gap arises when the researcher in his study has not adequately solved the research problem, as per the research methodology (Alvesson & Sandberg, 2013). In this paper, therefore, I further evaluate the research on intercultural maturity.To gain insights on how the researcher addressed the research problem, and ultimately discover areas I will suggest for further study on cultural diversity. Cultural diversity is influenced by a myriad of factors (Tierney, 2007).The factors affecting cultural diversity forms the first research gap; a study may be conducted with an aim of analyzing how these individual factors affect cultural diversity. These factors are both external and internal. Again from, the research on intercultural maturity, I feel that the study did not sufficiently indicate how the educational practices; models promote intercultural competence and effectiveness. This knowledge gap second suggests gap for further research on culture diversity. Also, the research on intercultural maturity has no sufficiently indicated how achievement of intercultural maturity promotes human development and positive interactions. This gap is an area that suggests further research on intercultural maturity. Close examination of the research on intercultural maturity also...
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...education as a strategy in countering socio-economic disadvantage Research paper for Ofsted’s ‘Access and achievement in education 2013 review’ Professor Chris Pascal and Professor Tony Bertram UK Research Team: Sean Delaney, Selma Manjee, Marjory Perkins and Manja Plehn International Research Team: Alice Bennett, Carol Nelson, Sarina Razzak and Maureen Saunders Centre for Research in Early Childhood (CREC) © Centre for Research in Early Childhood (CREC) 2013 The views expressed in this report are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of Ofsted. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to Elizabeth Boulton at publishing@ofsted.gov.uk or Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London WC2 6SE This publication is available at www.ofsted.gov.uk/accessandachievement. No. 130155-RR-005 In June 2012, Sir Michael Wilshaw, HMCI, stated his determination to address the issue of narrowing the gap of educational achievement between disadvantaged pupils and others. To support this intention, The Centre for Research in Early Childhood has been commissioned by OfSTED to conduct a review looking at the impact of Early Childhood Education (ECE) initiatives to combat social and economic disadvantage, both in the UK and internationally. This paper: Examines the impact of national and international initiatives in ECE over the last 10 years on the ...
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...The Gender Achievement Gap Rena Godfrey Capella University ED5540 Strategies for Eliminating the Achievement Gap Quarter & Year: Fall 2013 Email: godfreyrena@gmail.com Instructor: Marge Zuba, Ed.D. Gender Achievement Gap One of the most interesting and actively debated areas in educational research concerns the gender-based achievement gaps in math and science. Despite research efforts and statistical data backing up the notion that girls are falling behind in math and science, there still continues to be significant gender-based achievement gaps that are perpetuated by “insidious gender lessons, micro-inequities…that chip away at girls’ achievement and self-esteem” (Sadker & Sadker, 1994). Research studies shed light on significant decreases in girls’ achievement rates in math and science as early as middle school that continues to decrease into high school. Although the achievement gap in math has declined in recent years (AAUW, 1999), girls consistently score lower on the SAT and ACT than boys do, and the gap does not narrow in college. Researchers struggling to identify the origins of gender differences have examined a range of theories, including biological, environmental, cultural, and cognitive developmental approaches to gender differences. What is Gender Equity? Gender equity implies being treated equally fair for both male and female. Gender refers to the social roles of men and women, and boys and girls, as well as the relationships...
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...African American Achievement Gap Abstract The proposed action research study will pinpoint factors that contribute to the African American academic achievement gap. These factors impact not only the lives of families in the African American community but continues a vicious cycle of generations of poverty that hinders our country’s ability to effectively compete economically and also threatens America’s capacity to provide social equality for all. The participants in this study will comprise of parents and students of highly concentrated poverty - low academically performing African American public schools. Thirty two parents and thirty two students from eight low performing-poverty schools in the research study will be interviewed and surveyed online. Collected information and data will be researched employing qualitative and quantitative practices. Introduction There was a time when children of color were denied the hope and expectation of equal education because of racial isolation and discrimination in America’s education system. Although it’s been well over 50 years since Brown –vs.- The Board of Education which established equal education for all, today we are still faced with large racial disparities in reading and math proficiency between African American children and their thriving white contemporaries. This purpose of this study is to illustrate the connection that occurs between race and poverty with the academic achievement gap of low socioeconomic...
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...foundation of the society which strengthens the human world.” This is from the research paper of Ms. Jesalyn Pastorfide. This inspires us to choose the topic “Broken Family Relationship: Affects the study habits of High School students of Saint Francis College – Allen”. In studying, having a complete family somehow inspires a student to study hard. Our family is the first environment in which we are exposed to. We can’t choose the family we want but what it will depends on us. A broken family can lead teenagers to Juvenile Delinquency. We are aware that there are some teenagers with broken family that are drug addicts or whatever. But there are also teenagers that are not involved in drug addictions. Marriage begins in Matrimony in which the couples are saying vows in front of the crowd and in front of the Almighty God. But there are some couples who were happy after their wedding but eventually separate without thinking what will happen to their child/children. Some parents are teaching the teenagers to always choose the right decision but are they choosing the right ones? Some will say no, some will say yes. There is no definite answer. In this research, we will be interviewing some students with or without broken family of Saint Francis College – Allen to know if having an incomplete or broken family can greatly affect study habits of students. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This research was made clear about the study on “Broken family relationship: Affects the study...
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...Running Head: The Gender Achievement Gap 1 The Gender Achievement Gap Clint Overstreet 2 The No Child Left Behind Act requires that states bring students up to the "proficient" level on state tests and individual schools have to meet state “adequate yearly progress.” This mandate targets not only all “typical” students, but students from all demographics. With this factor of accountability, as well as school success, many researchers have studied the gap in educational achievement and how these gaps can be lessened. The most noted gaps in academic success include the areas of gender, socioeconomic status, race, students with disabilities, and ethnicity (2001). Gender has been one of the areas in which the notable gap in achievement has been studied. Researchers have studied this trend for many years. They attribute this discrepancy in gender achievement to a number of various factors. Possible influences in this gap include: culture, biological factors, theories in gender behavior, and school attitudes and factors (2008). The longtime concern regarding the role gender plays in academic success has been the grounds for numerous studies around the globe. Our culture has strong imbedded ideals on the role of males and females. Although, changes in these roles continue to evolve there continue to be underlying ideals and behaviors, which are often unintentional, which dictate how we view the...
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...Critical Analysis of Article Education and Urban Society, Vol. 35 No. 2 (February 3003) The Achievement Gap: Issues of Competition, Class, and Race Retrieved from http://eus.sagepub.com/content/35/2/151.full.pdf+html One of the key arguments in the Education and Urban Society, Vol. 35 No. 2 article is that closing the achievement gap between racial minorities and the racial majority does not merely require more competition and choice, but requires more objectives for educational attainment that are clearly defined, practices that are adequately implemented, and evaluations that are based on long-term effectiveness instead of short-term gains. An example given was the fact that public schools face critical challenges when defining equitable access and equality of opportunity for racial minorities in today’s standardized system of education. Due to the fact that Neither African Americans nor Hispanics have been able to receive adequate and equal opportunities to excel, their performance on standardize testing has paled in comparison to the rest of the population in the United States (Heubert & Hauser, 1999; Irvine, 1990; Jencks & Phillips, 1998; McNeil, 2000; Miller, 1995; Viadero, 2000). However, ironically enough, standardize testing is what is being used to measure the level of proficiency of students- even though these students are not being given sufficient tools to be able to learn the material given. Because of this many have scrutinized this system and have...
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...1.0 Introduction After Second World War, gender gap in education could be noteworthy issue all over the world (Arnot, 1999). Nowadays, more girls have the opportunity to join higher education, even occupy half of the students. That is to say women’s status has been improved nowadays. Meanwhile, in Britain, it is said it has took part in the “gender parity” in many years. However, according to OECD, compare with other developed countries, Britain is more significant in education gender gap. For this essay, Britain could be typical countries for the subject of gender gap in education. This report will give two positive approaches to improve the Britain’s gender gap in education and evaluate which is more suitable. 2.0 Background There is an obsolete statement that girls have talented in language courses and some art creation while boys are do well in math and science subjects (Sullivan, 2009). So as we have seen that boys graduate from university might work on some science or physical studies while girls could become teachers or nurses because of excellent abilities in communication. According to BBC news, in this era, employers’ organization asks for higher study levels than before which is includes math, physical, chemistry skills. Meanwhile, BBC new also states just nearly third of women struggle on math in university and most of them cannot get good grades as men’s. That is to say, dated subject choice in Britain should be changed to achieve the gender parity. In order to...
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...for students’ progress. A social problem that the NCLB is trying to fix is the fact that the quality of education in US’ public schools has decreased during the last years. Alarming statistics have shown that the country’s education system is not as internationally competitive as it used to be. For example, according to a report issued by the Council on Foreign Relations, the United States has slipped ten spots in high school and college graduation rates in the past three decades (CFR). Poor education affects the entire country because of the close relation that progress has with having a skillful workforce. Furthermore, other social problems, such as poverty and crime, are indirectly related to inferior education. An extensive body of research has found that people with less schooling tend to work and earn less as adults, are more likely to receive public assistance, and have poorer health (‘Education and Poverty’). Poverty has also been proven to be the number one cause of crime, which is yet another social problem affecting the US. By directly improving education standards, stakeholders in this debate are expecting to see an improvement not only in...
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...COURSE: RESEARCH METHODS PROPOSAL WRITING TOPIC: ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS: WHETHER END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION IS THE ONLY INDICATOR OF STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE. (A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF GHANA) INTRODUCTION Lecturers most often use assessment to obtain information that helps them improve their instruction. This in turn helps them to bridge the gap between curriculum standards and student achievement. Assessment is also used for accountability purposes, for both students and teachers. Classrooms are made up of a diversity of learners and so to help them to make appropriate instructional decisions and to provide valid information for accountability, teachers use a wide variety of assessments. PROBLEM DEFINITION Most tertiary institutions determine students’ performance only on the basis of examination at the end of each semester. The issue here is whether examination is enough to determine a student’s performance and whether it’s indeed gives a true and fair view of actual performance. LITERATURE REVIEW Veteran first grade teacher Debbi Beckhorn states "... I have seen many changes in the arena of assessment and monitoring of student progress. More and more, it seems, we need to 'check in' with students more frequently in order to carefully lead them in their next step in the learning process. I use a variety of assessment tools to 'dip in' to a student's progress..."(Beckhorn, 2000). For this first grade teacher, the use of assessment information helps...
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...PROJECT MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH TERM PAPER A report on the impact of Economic Stimulus Programme in Western Region Assignment Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Award of a Master of Science Degree in Project Management (MSc. Project Management) Olympia Muhanga Musonye Admission Number HD317-C004-2419/2013 23rd June 2013. 1.0 BACKGROUND 1.1 backgrounds The history of government implementation of economic stimulus to receive the economy goes back to the mid – 1930s, following the Great Depression, when Franklin D. Roosevelt of the US attempted to alleviate unemployment and national financial and business failures. During this time, many banks collapsed and consumer confidence became low (Lasse B. 2009). The Kenya Economic Stimulus Program (ESP) was initiated by the Government of Kenya to boost economic growth and lead the Kenyan economy out of a recession situation brought about by economic meltdown. The Kenyan ESP was introduced in the 2009/2010 Budget speech in parliament by the finance minister. Its main aim was to jumpstart the Kenyan economy towards long term growth and development, after the 2007/2008 post election violence that affected the Kenyan economy, prolonged drought, a rally in oil and food prices and the effects of the 2008/09 global economic crisis (Gok, 2009). The Kenyan development can only be sustainable if it is pursued based on principles of equity, good governance, environmental sustainability, and the provision...
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...Studies suggest that the federal school accountability policy did improve the math achievement of elementary students, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Comparable evidence that NCLB generated meaningful improvements in reading achievement continued to fail. Research was conducted by Dee and Jacob (2010). To isolate the causal effects of NCLB, they made use of the fact that some states had introduced their own accountability systems in various years prior to the introduction of the national program. They viewed states that had no prior accountability system as the group that was treated by the federal law, with the others serving as the control group. The authors then estimated interrupted time series models that allow them to test for changes in the trend in the treated states in the post‐NCLB. From these analyses, they concluded that NCLB led to a moderate and statistically significant increase in test scores in math for 4th‐grade students and a positive, but not statistically significant, increase for eighth graders in math, with no effects on reading scores for students in either grade.Other researchers came to similar conclusions as well. Building on the Dee and Jacob’s research, Lee and Reaves (2012) found no significant effects that can be attributed to the law on either overall achievement in reading or math or on achievement gaps. These research findings indicate little to no improvement in education despite more accountability measures...
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...Wages: Is There Really a Gender Pay Gap Abstract The wages used in the following research paper were taken from a population of 100 workers and divided by 12 descriptive statistics. The purpose of this research is to determine if there really is a gender gap with wages. The following descriptive statistics were used: wage, industry, occupation, education, location (from the south or not from the south), non-white, Hispanic, female, ex-military, marital status, age and Union. This research paper will include the problem statement, research question, hypothesis, definitions, presentation of data, conclusion, implication, recommendations and reference page. This research paper is composed from peer reviewed journals and references are available on the last page of this research paper. Wages – Is there really a Gender Pay Gap Introduction Is the United States work force still facing the issue of gender pay gap? According to The American Association of University Women (AAUW) it’s real, it’s persistent, and it’s undermining the economic security of American families. This research paper will define that there is indeed a pay gap between men and women working full time in the United States. (Linda D. Hallman, CAE AAUW Executive Director, 2012) Problem Statement The American Association of University Women (AAUW) has been on the front lines of the fight for pay equity since 1913. AAUW members were in the Oval Office when President...
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