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Adaptation

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What are some characteristics and examples of "adaptation" and why it is of interest or concern to anthropologists? Give examples of behavior adaptation today or in the past.

Adaptation chapter 18
Adaptation refers to beneficial adjustments of organisms to their environment, a process that not only leads to changes in the organisms but also impacts their environment.

Food foraging is the oldest and most universal type of human adaptation and typically involves geographic mobility, Horticulture more permanent settlements , while pastoralism required mobility to seek out pasture and water

cultural adaptation A complex of ideas, activities, and technologies that enable people to survive and even thrive.

convergent evolution In cultural evolution, the development of similar cultural adaptations to similar environmental conditions by different peoples with different ancestral cultures.
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What does race mean and how does this impact racism?

Biological race concept race In biology, the taxonomic category of subspecies that is not applicable to humans because the division of humans into discrete types does not represent the true nature of human biological variation. In some societies race is an important social category.

In biology, a race is defined as a subspecies, or a population of a species differing geographically, morphologically, or genetically from other populations of the same species

Racism, a doctrine of superiority by which one group justifies the dehumanization of others based on their distinctive physical characteristics, is not just about discriminatory ideas, values, or attitudes but is also a political problem. Indeed, politicians have often exploited this concept as a means to mobilize support, demonize opponents, and eliminate rivals. Racial conflicts result from social stereotypes, not known scientific facts
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