...Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise You have probably heard the terms "aerobic" and "anaerobic" before, but do you actually understand what the differences are between these two forms of exercise? It's likely you can name some exercises which fall into each category such as walking for aerobic exercise and strength training for anaerobic exercise, but do you know why these things fall into those respective categories. Let's take a closer look at the differences between these two forms of exercise and explore what is best for your body. Oxygen Supply The technical difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercises is the amount of oxygen required by the muscles for support and where that oxygen is coming from. With aerobic exercise your muscles need a continued supply of oxygen, which comes from the lungs. Throughout the workout your muscle activity depletes its store of oxygen so it must be replaced through the lungs, which is why you typically breathe heavy while out for a jog or walk. With anaerobic exercises the lungs don't have time to supply oxygen and the exercises are performed without that replenishing supply. Since the lungs are not working hard to replenish oxygen to your muscles, you typically don't get as out of breath with these exercises. Length of Exercise Session Aerobic exercises generally last a longer period of time than anaerobic exercises. Consider the difference between a power walker who goes out for 30-90 minute walks and a weightlifter that does short...
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...The Effect of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression March 8, 2015 Abstract Mental health is a severe problem in our society today, approximately 61.5 million of the Americans experience mental illness in each given year (NAMI, 2013). The main goal of this paper is to provide answers on how physical activity can replace anti-anxiety and depression drugs. To solve this question numerous research articles were examined by looking at how both acute and chronic bouts of aerobic and anaerobic exercise correlated with mental health aspects such as stress, depression, and anxiety. The findings showed that almost all types of exercise showed the capability of being able to improve mental health significantly. Thus, it is possible for physical activity to become a replacement for drugs being administered to the general population today, which allows people to treat their mental illness without the adverse side effects, which accompany drugs. This is supported by multiple studies done that compared physical exercise and drugs as treatments for mental disorders. All the studies support the claim that physical activity could be used as a replacement for drugs in treating mental illness. Introduction Mental health illness is a severe issue affecting a significant portion of Americans every day. Serious mental illnesses have been reported to cost America $193.2 Billion in lost earning per year (NAMI, 2013). Specifically, 14.8 million people are reported to...
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...The Effect of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression March 8, 2015 Abstract Mental health is a severe problem in our society today, approximately 61.5 million of the Americans experience mental illness in each given year (NAMI, 2013). The main goal of this paper is to provide answers on how physical activity can replace anti-anxiety and depression drugs. To solve this question numerous research articles were examined by looking at how both acute and chronic bouts of aerobic and anaerobic exercise correlated with mental health aspects such as stress, depression, and anxiety. The findings showed that almost all types of exercise showed the capability of being able to improve mental health significantly. Thus, it is possible for physical activity to become a replacement for drugs being administered to the general population today, which allows people to treat their mental illness without the adverse side effects, which accompany drugs. This is supported by multiple studies done that compared physical exercise and drugs as treatments for mental disorders. All the studies support the claim that physical activity could be used as a replacement for drugs in treating mental illness. Introduction Mental health illness is a severe issue affecting a significant portion of Americans every day. Serious mental illnesses have been reported to cost America $193.2 Billion in lost earning per year (NAMI, 2013). Specifically, 14.8 million people...
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...It through the hydrolysis of ATP that its energy is released, allowing all the biological processes of the body to occur. However, this process is reversible by one of two processes. The first process is anaerobic respiration. In the absence of oxygen, anaerobic respiration converts the pyruvic acid into lactic acid that is then transported to the liver to be converted back into glucose when sufficient oxygen becomes available, while only resulting in a small amount of ATP produced (~2 molecules). When oxygen is sufficient, aerobic respiration occurs that results in a significantly larger amount of ATP (~34 molecules) without the build-up of lactic acid....
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... 10 Marks To gain 10 marks you need to complete the following * Submit at least 1 draft to a friend for “peer-feedback” * Submit at least 1 draft to the teacher for feedback * Complete Part A Student Reflection and submit sheet on assessment submission * Complete Part B Student Reflection and submit within 24 hours of assessment being returned. Part B- Training Program 20 Marks Design a week long training program using the FITT principles. Ensure your athletes have both anaerobic and aerobic training incorporated, in a ratio relevant for your chosen sport. You should also ensure you train the relevant health and skill related components of fitness. Part C- Report (1-2 pages) 20 Marks Justify your training program by: * Describing the changes to the musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory systems. * Explaining why these components of fitness are relevant to your sport. * Explaining why you chose this ratio of anaerobic & aerobic training. Part A Student Reflection (To be completed on submission of assessment task) | (Circle a number: 1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly...
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...Hypothesis: As a group predict that aerobic exercise will consume more glucose because of oxidation phosphorylation which produces more ATP. Thus more reps will be done under this condition. Or in other words stage 1 of the lab will have more reps than stage 2 because there is more energy available. During aerobic respiration the continuous break down of sugar will allow more activity to be done versus anaerobic respiration which will just be able to use the energy it currently has, it will not be able to create more. Could you tell when muscles went into anaerobic resp . what evidence? There was a tight feeling in the muscles along with tension and cramping. The oxygen could not be delivered to the cells quick enough to undergo oxidative phosphorylation and instead underwent anaerobic respiration in which oxygen is not needed. During anaerobic respiration, lactic acid fermentation occurred which causes the formation of lactase build up in the working muscles. This causes pain, stiffness, and fatigue which explains the symptoms experienced in the experiment. Panting was also experienced which occurs as a result of the body paying back the oxygen debt that was lost while lifting. When your muscles run out of oxygen, your muscle cells quickly try to produce ATP using lactic acid fermentation. The buildup of lactic acid causes a painful, burning sensation. Hot feeling after lifting. Explain using cellular respiration. Exercising increases the body’s heat production...
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...QUESTION 1: Outline the energy system, of your chosen activity/movement in addressing the following points Source of Fuel: The Aerobic energy system primarily uses glucose and free fatty acids in order to generate energy. Glucose is produced through nutrients that are consumed where as fatty acids are a result of the fats stores being broken down. Efficiency of ATP production The Aerobic system is extremely effective at producing an endless supply of energy for sports of slower duration and sustained effort. The fats that are broken down have up to 10 times more ATP molecules in comparison to carbohydrates. Duration that the system can operate The duration is dependant on an athletes effort and replenishing their glucoygen stores. As...
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...BASILIO, CHIARRA NICOLE P. PROF. VENTURA BS BIOLOGY 4-2 Animal Physiology Lecture 1.) Differentiate DNA and RNA in terms of structure and composition DNA is known as the blueprint of biological guidelines that a living organism must follow to exist and remain functional. RNA on the other hand, helps carry out this blueprint's guidelines. Of the two, RNA is more versatile than DNA because it is capable of performing numerous, diverse tasks in an organism, but DNA is more stable and holds more complex information for longer periods of time. | DNA | RNA | Structural Name: | Deoxyribonucleic Acid | Ribonucleic Acid | Definition | A nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all modern living organisms. DNA's genes are expressed, or manifested, through the proteins that its nucleotides produce with the help of RNA. | The information found in DNA determines which traits are to be created, activated, or deactivated, while the various forms of RNA do the work. | Function: | Medium of long-term storage and transmission of genetic information. | Transfer the genetic code needed for the creation of proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome. This process prevents the DNA from having to leave the nucleus, so it stays safe. Without RNA, proteins could never be made. | Structure: | Typically a double- stranded molecule with a long chain of nucleotides. | A single-stranded molecule in most of its biological...
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...Due to netball being such a complex sport it is no surprise that a lot of care and time must be taken to plan an adequate training program. An elite netball player would require proficiency in a range of different types of skills and energy systems and therefore the training program must consist of numerous training types. These include anaerobic and aerobic interval training, strength training, plyometrics and flexibility. Interval training involves periods of structured work interspersed with rest periods in a set pattern, it consists of both anaerobic and aerobic training. This type of training forms the foundation for a sport such as netball as the aerobic system is required to achieve a baseline of level of fitness required to run up and down the court and the anaerobic system is required to be able to jump, change direction and utilise power for quick and explosive movements. Interval training mirrors the activity and intensity required in a state level netball game. Weight training is a form of strength training that strengthens specific muscles in the body. Weight training focuses on the anaerobic system and allows for explosive, powerful and fast movements such as jumping, running and throwing in netball. Weight training that is...
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...46666667 54.26666667 0.73 0.66 Female 23.52857143 22.31 31 29 0.49 0.46 Table 2 above displays a means data chart of the six categories that the investigators collected. This chart above is the average measurement for both males and females and the class as a whole. Table 3 above demonstrates the Effects of Training status on Dominant Hand Grip Strength and Dominant Arm Circumference. From observing the scatterplot, one will see that aerobic trained subjects had an excellent relationship between dominant strength and dominant circumference. Whereas anaerobic and untrained subjects did not have a good relationship. Table 4 above represents Dominant Hand Grip Strength vs. Dominant Circumference. From the results above, one will see that there was not a strong correlation between these two factors. Table 5 above represents Male vs. Female Absolute Dominant Hand Grip Strength. Results show that Males had a higher outcome with their Absolute Dominant Handgrip Strength than females. Table 6 above displays a bar graph for Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Absolute Handgrip...
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...small changes in the way the landfills are operated. Bioreactor landfill is a promising biotechnological option for faster stabilization of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). It changes the goal of landfilling from the storage of waste to the treatment of waste. In a bioreactor landfill environment, the solid waste actively decomposes rather than being simply buried in a dry tomb. This active decomposition is possible because over half the MSW is comprised of organic material (food, paper, etc.), which will decompose fairly rapidly under the right conditions. Rather than being kept dry, the solid waste is actively moistened by injecting leachate into the landfilled solid waste to accelerate decomposition. The anaerobic conditions in a conventional landfill can be replaced with aerobic conditions by introducing air into the solid waste and thus enhancing the biological process. Studies show that a bioreactor landfill transforms and stabilizes the readily and moderately decomposable organic waste constituents within five to ten years. A bioreactor increases the potential for waste to energy conversion, stores and/or treats leachate, recovers air space, and ensures sustainability. Sustainability has the greatest potential for economic benefit due to reduced costs associated with avoided long-term monitoring...
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...Bio Lab Exam 2 Exercise 12: Respiration Aerobic and Anaerobic Oxidation of Organic Molecules All organisms need usable chemical energy to fuel their life processes and respiration is the chemistry that provides that energy Usually organic carbon molecules are the energy source and CO2 and H2O are released as waste Respiration removes electrons from (oxidizes) glucose, captures some of the energy stored in ATP, and ultimately passes the electrons to oxygen to form H2O respiration begins with the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate via a set of chemical reactions called glycolysis (occurs with or without oxygen) aerobes store energy by reducing (adding electrons, reducing positive charge) NAD+ and FAD+ oxygen is the final electron-acceptor in the electron transport chain and is reduced to form H2O Summary equation for Aerobic Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2>>6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP + heat In anaerobic respiration, the pyruvate from glycolysis is reduced via anaerobic fermentation to either CO2 and ethanol or lactic acid Summary equation for Anaerobic Fermentation in Plants and Some Microbes: C6H12O6>> 2C2H5OH (ethanol) + 2CO2 + ATP + Heat ALCOHOLIC FERM Summary Equation for Anaerobic Fermentation in Animals and Some Microbes: C6H12O6>> 2CH3CHOHCOOH (lactic acid) + ATP + Heat LACTIC ACID FERM Anaerobic fermentation does not involve or benefit from the additional ATP produced by the CAC or e- transport chain Therefore the ability of an organism to live in the absence...
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...Therefore, the body requires higher amount oxygen to produce more ATP. Without enough oxygen, the level of lactic acid rises in the muscles. Because many muscle groups are involved in skiing, the total energy consumption it implies that the body requires the highest level of aerobic capacity (Rusko, 2008). The increased oxygen requirement implies that the body must derive oxygen from other sources and that recovery must take place in such instances. Impact of low temperature on muscle power The reduced skin temperature cause relative levels of body cooling, which lowers the muscle temperatures. Consequently, the muscles weaken and result in impairment of the neuro-muscular function, which cause most of the skiing injuries. In addition, the drop in temperature can result in cold injury. Cold injury occurs in the exposed body parts like the feet, hands, and face, due to formation of ice crystals, freezing of tissues, or vasoconstriction which limits blood flow to the exposed body part, which results in ischematic cold...
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...Introduction. a. Background Information. Cellular respiration is the oxidation of organic compounds through cellular metabolism to release energy in a form that is usable by a cell. There are two basic types of cellular respiration aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration requires the use of oxygen and anaerobic respiration which does not use oxygen. There are several types of anaerobic respiration, most familiar is a process called fermentation. Aerobic respiration is the process by which ATP is produced by cells by the complete oxidation of organic compounds using oxygen . In aerobic respiration oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor, accepting electrons that ultimately come from the energy rich organic compounds we consume. Aerobic Respiration takes place in three stages. Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle and electron transport chain. Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration and all cells regardless of the type of cellular respiration they do are able to carry out glycolysis. Because of this we believe that glycolysis probably arose very early in the evolution of life on the planet. In glycolysis glucose is partially oxidized and broken down into two 3 carbon molecules called pyruvic acid. In the process, glycolysis produced 4 ATP for a net gain of two ATP and two molecules of NADH. Each NADH is carrying two energy rich electrons away from the glucose and these electrons can be used by the cell to do work. After glycolysis...
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...56 Define the following terms: Cellular respiration (aerobic respiration) (2 points) Cellular respiration is the process by which cells get their energy in the form of ATP. There are two types of cellular respiration, aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration is more efficient and can be used in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic respiration, or cell respiration using oxygen, uses the end product of glycolysis in the TCA cycle to produce more energy currency in the form of ATP than can be obtained from an anaerobic pathway. Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) (2 points) Fermentation is a metabolic process converting sugar to acids, gases or alcohol. It occurs in yeast and bacteria, but also in oxygen-starved human muscle cells. Fermentation is used by humans to make beer and food, like kimchi. Fermentation is a form of anaerobic digestion that generates ATP by the process of substrate-level phosphorylation. Summarize what occurs during the three steps of cellular respiration and indicate where each process takes place in the cell. (6 points) Glycolysis: It is a process that occurs in the cytoplasm. It converts each molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvic acid. It refers to an anaerobic process that proceeds whether or not oxygen is present or not. The pyruvic acid diffuses into the inner compartment of the mitochondrion where a transition reaction occurs that starts to prepare pyruvic acid for the next stage of respiration. Krebs cycle-This is...
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