...A minority group within a minority group. This is the black Jewish person here in the United States. One can only imagine the prejudices and discrimination they have gone through, even by their own religious group. Many think a “black” person could not be Jewish and some even consider the practice of Judaism strictly a “white” person’s religion. Some have gone so far to think that being Jewish is a race or nationality and not a religion. First let’s explore what Judaism is and how it is different from other religions. Judaism (n.d.) according to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, is a religion developed among ancient Hebrews that believes in one God who revealed himself to Abraham, Moses and the Hebrew prophets, and a religious life according to scriptures and rabbinic traditions. Where Judaism really differs from other religions is that to be Jewish, you can either be born into it through matrilineal lines or you can be converted into Judaism (Rich, 2011). A person who has a Jewish mother, according to Orthodox Jews would be considered Jewish no matter who the father is or whether or not you believe in or practice Judaism. Accordingly, if you do not have a Jewish mother, but a Jewish father, you would not be considered Jewish even if you practice Judaism. One would have to be converted into Judaism in order to be considered Jewish if you do not have the matrilineal lines. Additionally, as opposed to Christians, practicing Jews believe that the Messiah has not yet come...
Words: 1054 - Pages: 5
...above all. The enslavement of the African people. While there was much debate about freedom, abolition, and all other things some African-Americans managed to find theirs. From 1775 to 1830 many African-Americans gained freedom by escaping to regions in which slavery wasn’t practiced or by purchasing it if granted while all at the same time the expansion of slavery greatly expanded in the American south. Free or enslaved, African-American were under constant oppression and were driven to take action towards the challenges they were faced with. While some looked to religion to escape these hardships, others looked to violence in which they believed was the ultimate solution. Freedom was the only means of escape, but even after that African-Americans were still targets. Freedom was often most acquired in the North. Document C shows a 1790 and 1830 map of the slave population in United States. While slavery was evidently decreasing in the North, it was rapidly expanding in the South. If slaves didn’t escape to the North however, they purchased their freedom. In Document F, Venture Smith was granted the permission to purchase his freedom an opportunity that was rarely given and although it took even more work in about 2 years he was able to pay it off. Document I goes on to show 2 African-American accounts of life after freedom in the city of Boston. The author(s) can still feel the oppression and abuse not much different from when enslaved. Their fearful as well as disgusted...
Words: 738 - Pages: 3
...In the book, Death or Liberty, Douglas R. Egerton main focus is on how the American Revolution affected the African American/Slaves in their struggle for freedom between 1763 and 1800, which was not just between the north and the south. African Americans had gained the most freedom during this time but were also the ones who had suffered the most. Egerton argues that, slavery could have ended earlier on, if the founding fathers had taken more action and that they lacked courage. Egerton writes about the experiences of black slaves and those who were free, for example Equiano. For most of his life, Equiano had to lie about where he came from, his age, and anything else he could get away with. For many Africans Americans the revolution was a...
Words: 531 - Pages: 3
...There have been many movements and pursuits in the history of our country. They have not only been outlets for society, but have become a lighthouse for where we are today and the force behind shaping us. For the African-American community, this would be the Harlem Renaissance. More than a major party scene and celebration, it went on to be a literary movement. It would go on to forever affect the journey of the black community and act as a shrine of hope for generations to come. During the 1920’s, African-Americans were referred to as Negros versus being named as blacks or African-Americans. Thus, the Harlem Renaissance was also known as “The New Negro Movement” and housed some of the greatest African-American poets, as well as intellects. From Langston Hughes to Zora Neale Hurston, this movement...
Words: 595 - Pages: 3
...trans-Atlantic slave trade. Since the Africans were property, chattel was the only way Europeans could become richer than Africans...
Words: 632 - Pages: 3
...because they wanted Americans to believe that slavery had a lasting impact economically, religiously, legally, and racially. One of the defenders in Finkelman’s book was Thomas R.R. Cobb. He justified slavery by arguing the effects of abolition in the United States. Cobb said, “The emancipated negroes do not enjoy full and equal civil and political rights in any State in the union, except the State of Vermont” (Finkelman, 79). He was convinced that those who became free of slavery did not live a better life. He believed that any African American slave who is free is not capable of living successfully and “His moral condition compares unfavorably with that of the slave of the South” (Finkleman, 79). This argument states that African Americans who are enslaved are in better hands with the slave owners and therefore they should remain as slaves. Cobb’s defense was justifiable because he believed that keeping African American’s enslaved was helping them be “healthy and longlived” (Finkelman, 80). On March 21, 1861, Alexander Stephens gave “The Cornerstone Speech” which was used to emphasize the importance of slavery in the United States. Stephens believed 2 that the former idea of equality of races in the constitution was wrong and the new government held...
Words: 1323 - Pages: 6
...fact had it not been for the Civil Rights struggle we may have never known each other because it would have been almost impossible for your dad and mom to create you being that she is White and he black but I am glad things have changed for the black community over the years. You know some things about the African-American race but since you grew up mostly around the Caucasian side of your family with the Black side of your family being in and out of your life I feel like there is a lot that you can take from me writing you this letter pertaining to the struggle that African-American's have had to endure just to have the same rights and freedoms that all of the other races were entitled to. You already know from Social Studies and History during school that we as African-Americans were once enslaved and Caucasians owned us so I won't go into grave detail about that. I was reading an article on History.com that explained how the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Color People) was founded in 1909 by W.E.B. Dubois in hopes to enforce the 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution which would provide complete and fair education to all African-American's just as it had been provided to the White race, because of this we were able to meet and attend school together engaging in daily learning that has been of a great benefit to the both of us. The NAACP also was formed to see an end come to the unlawful lynching of...
Words: 747 - Pages: 3
...gender as a site of identity and politics that sometimes involves African people. Collins believes that Afrocentric feminism is ultimately anchored in the unique experiences and struggles of ordinary African American women. Gender is always gender when spoken about in any race or nationality....
Words: 1511 - Pages: 7
...Inequality was extremely prevalent from the 1870’s to the and 1920’s, leaving any race, but whites unprivileged socially and economically. This created a major problem for every other race of people living in the United States at that time. All people of color were treated unfairly receiving what they did not deserve and not receiving what they did deserve. This varied from minuscule things to enormous ones like murder. This problem effected contemporaries of the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era immensely by leaving the African Americans still restricted from doing many things a white man could do and being treated unlawfully in court, forcing the Indians out of their place of comfort and throwing them to assimilate to American’s civilization, and trying...
Words: 1280 - Pages: 6
...Proslavery is a philosophy that sees slavery to be a constructive or rather a good thing. Aristotle in his book of politics declared that some communities were ordinarily slaves. Hence it was in the top interests of these individuals to be enslaved. The authors of pro-slavery justify slavery by arguing that Slavery was better for the slaves because their masters took on the trouble of taking care of their wellbeing, they would be provided with food, clothes and even offered religious teachings. They further say that Slavery was the core reason for the prosperity of the nations as it was one of the major exports of U.S. in those eras. According to proslavery authors, the slave's position in the society was of the lower social standards being treated as a commodity which was bought and even sold as well as doing odd jobs like domestic servants, seamstress, etc. A decidedly smaller percentage would work as laborer’s or carpenters, masons, or blacksmiths. It was hard to find a slave who would work in a mill or factory. The majority of slaves would be field hands, picking of cotton, planting, and harvesting of rice, tobacco, also sugar cane....
Words: 606 - Pages: 3
...The “Second Reform” had various political, economic, and cultural impact in American society. For instance, there was an education reform led by Horace Mann, a lawyer that became the head of the Massachusetts Board of Education. Under his reform, Horace improved the curriculum, increased the teacher’s salary and their training; lastly, he also extended the school year to six months and Massachusetts became the first state to fund public schools. However, education was not for everyone; women have often kept away from schools or if allowed to attend they were taught to sew or music since it was believed that a woman’s place was to be a wife and a mother. Moreover, there was a cultural trend known as the transcendentalist, which stressed the...
Words: 335 - Pages: 2
...As far as time goes back, there has been prejudice against African Americans. Over the years, the situation has escalated. We went from being slaves, physically, to being slaves mentally. Not quite like slavery back then, but a worse kind of slavery. It is our minds that are enslaved. We are the victims of unspeakable injustices. They do not want us to prosper. This is why I stand for “Black Lives Matter”. Some might even try to push us away and contradict our ideas with “All Lives Matter”. Yes, all lives do matter, but at the moment it is black lives that are very important. What people do not realize is that Pro-black is not anti-white. People try to bring us down, make us lesser than they, but we only want to be seen as equal. We all deserve...
Words: 786 - Pages: 4
...The Atlantic slave trade started on the Gold Coast, present day Ghana, about twelve million Africans were transported to the America’s. African slaves became the main focus of trade between Africa and Europe. American colonization demanded labor, but since the Native American’s could not work with European’s because theytheir populations were thinning out, they focused on the enslaved African people. African slave trade helped the wealth and growth of America but at the cost of humanity. African American Mosaic by John H. Bracey Jr. tells the stories of the slave trade in West Africa, on the middle passage and in America. It suggests that West Africa were willing to capture other Africans for weapons and wealth. The story of Olaudah Equiano was about how he was kidnapped by other Africans and taken through the woods to the beach where a slave ship was waiting for him. “Was carried on board I was immediately handled, and tossed up, to see if I were sound, by some of the crew; and I was now persuaded that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits, and that they were going to kill me (Bracey, 16).” This is probably how every African felt when they were forced onto that slave ship to sail to an unknown land. Equiano also talked about how dirty and digusting the slaves ships were. “I was soon put down under the decks, and there I received such a salutation in my nostrils as I had never experienced in my life (Bracey, 16).” Also according to Alexander Falconbridge, “The deck, that...
Words: 835 - Pages: 4
...October 1, 2014 Dear Sarafina, Hello my dearest pen pal. I hope this letter finds you well and in good spirits. Since we are still in the getting to know you phase of our correspondence I thought it would be a good idea for us to relay some information about my heritage and cultural history as you have done for me about yours. I thoroughly enjoyed reading about the Italian history through your eyes, experiences and historical research. Are you ready for a historical walk through of my African-American culture? Although I reside in the United States now my history starts in Africa where my people were sold off and enslaved to the white Americans. The first African slaves were brought here to the United States in the Colony of Jamestown Virginia in 1619. Slaves were brought here to help aid in the production of mass crops such as tobacco. Slavery continued and ultimately ended on December 18, 1865. During the slavery era there were things that aided slaves like the under ground rail road. This was an avenue that helps slaves escape to freedom. One of the most famous escaped slaves was Harriet Tubman. She escaped in 1849 and was one of the most celebrated and effective leaders of the Underground Railroad. President Lincoln was a key element when it came to dealing the freeing of the slaves when he released the emancipation proclamation in 1863. Although Lincoln accelerated the movement of freeing the slaves he knew it would take a constitutional amendment to let the...
Words: 843 - Pages: 4
...October 3, 2011/Fall 2011 African Diaspora & The World (SADW 111-05) Shaping my Diaspora Consciousness vs. Society An old saying about the African American slave trade still circulates amongst us today: "they set us 'free' while keeping us enslaved." After the abolishment of physical slavery, the self-esteem and sense of identity of many African Americans remained in the hands of the dominant race. Their tools of malice and control transitioned from whips and legislation to social stigmas and stereotypes. The social stigmas and stereotypes formed are the concepts of identity, race and gender. As notions of equality grew more popular, the malice diminished but the social stigmas and stereotypes remained. To deny their influence on the shaping of my identity would be equivalent to denying the slave trade's existence. Despite the relevance of both in today's society, both are starting to fade away into the thick cloud of historical amnesia that tends to grasp the minds of every American generation. In order to ensure that the lesson’s learned, and to be learned from both remain, it is imperative that such topics be discussed and evaluated. Identity is a complex shaped by individual characteristics. Gender is however a group defined by masculinity and femininity, the attributes attached to being born male or female. Race is framed by social relations and historical context. All social conceptions formed by social construction. People don’t have an understanding of how society...
Words: 1083 - Pages: 5