...The Effects of Socialization on Attitudes Regarding Homosexuality in Relation to the Implicit Associations Test Elaina Lucido Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Indiana University Bloomington Abstract In this study, I investigated whether explicit measures of personal attitudes regarding homosexuality are correlated with implicit measures of personal preference between heterosexuality and homosexuality. Participants were first given a self-report survey in order to gauge their explicit attitudes or prejudices in regards to homosexuals in society. Then, a Sexuality IAT was administered in order to test for a suggested implicit preference for Straight over Gay or vice versa. Overall average scores on the Sexuality IAT revealed implicit preferences for heterosexuality over homosexuality. When the explicit and implicit measures were paired together, correlation analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant correlation between the two. The Effects of Socialization on Attitudes Regarding Homosexuality in Relation to the Implicit Associations Test Attitudes and behaviors towards homosexuality are usually attributed to the moral standings, values, upbringing, and personal experiences of an individual. Opinions regarding the acceptance of homosexuality in America have changed drastically within the past decade partly due to an increased population of younger generations and open homosexuals within the United States. Dimock, et al...
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...Revised 2/11/10 Page 1 of 18 FRÉDÉRIC F. BRUNEL Boston University School of Management Department of Marketing 595 Commonwealth Avenue Boston, MA 02215 : (617) 353-4609 Fax: (617) 353-4098 e-mail: brunel@bu.edu Education 1998 Ph.D. in Marketing, University of Washington 1992 M.B.A., Illinois State University (graduated top of class) 1989 B.S. in Business Administration, Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Commerciales d'Angers (ESSCA) Angers, France (graduated in top 5%). Dissertation Brunel, Frédéric F. (1998) “The Psychology of Product Aesthetics: Antecedents and Individual Differences in Product Evaluations”, Chair: Richard Yalch. Academic Positions Boston University, School of Management Associate Professor of Marketing & Dean’s Research Fellow, since September 2007 Assistant Professor of Marketing, March 1998- August 2007 Marketing Instructor, September 1997 to March 1998 Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, Department of Product Innovation and Management Visiting Scholar, 2005 (November-December) University of Washington, School of Business Instructor, 1994-1997 Teaching Assistant, 1992-1994 Publications 1. Brunel, F., Utter, D. (2009). Phillips Foods, Inc.: Introducing King Crab to the Trade (pp. 20 pages). London, Ontario: Ivey Publishing, # 909A04. 2. Brunel, F., Utter, D. (2009). Teaching Note. Phillips Foods, Inc.: Introducing King Crab to the Trade (pp. 18 pages). London, Ontario: Ivey Publishing, # 809A04. 3. Susan Fournier, and Frédéric F....
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...narrative process is personal, relational, and collective (Hammack 2008). Because identity is personally constructed, the steps taken by the brain in receiving, processing, and reacting to information summons both basic biological processes as well as contextualized and conditioned cognitive responses. Awareness of identity construction at the biological level and the way personal narratives are shaped at the psychological and social level can reveal opportunities to prevent racial bias formation by interfering in the categorization process of other individuals. At the biological level, factors such as genotype and hormones contribute to the ontological development of personal narrative. Belsky’s article on plasticity genes illustrates the association between genotype and social environment. A person’s genotype combined with their social interaction can make them either more or less susceptible to adverse or positive behavioral outcomes (Belsky 2009). The thought certain genotypes are subject to greater influence by their social surroundings raises the question of whether particular individuals have more fluid identities. If so, it would be of more importance for those with the plasticity gene to have counter stereotypical exposure in their childhood to prevent racial bias formation because the absence of intervention in the same person could have equally adverse effects. Knowledge of the biological restraints in the brain reveals potential advantages or disadvantages social shaping...
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...hand functioning is therefore critical in stroke rehabilitation. Lori Gage Richards, (PhD, OTR/L) is an active researcher and educator seeking to uncover which therapies drive neural reorganization after a stroke, and what are the most effective strategies leading to improvements is UE function. Richards is currently Associate Professor and Chair of the Occupational Therapy Department at the University of Utah. She was recently appointed editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy and serves as Chair of the Nursing and Rehabilitation Committee-Stroke Council, of the American Heart Association. Additionally at the American Heart Association, she is a member of both the Leadership Council - Stroke Council and the Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery Committee - Stroke Council. Her current professional affiliations include the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA), Society for Neuroscience, and the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Motor rehabilitation is premised on the belief that behavior (e.g., practice and motor-based intervention) forces neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system (CNS) which lead to better motor function. According to Richards, Hanson, Wellborn, & Sethi (2008b) the current evidence supports that "repetitive behavior that produces motor skill acquisition does...
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...scientific, CAD/CAM, etc.) 1990s - present: p – Data mining, digital library, and Web databases – Cloud databases, data science, and Big Data Data Mining © Jason Wang 2 Data Mining: Its Definition Data mining (knowledge discovery in databases): ) – Extraction of interesting (non-trivial, implicit, previously unknown and potentially useful) information or patterns from data in large databases Alternative names: – Knowledge discovery (mining) in databases (KDD), knowledge extraction, data/pattern analysis, analysis data archeology, data dredging archeology dredging, information harvesting, etc. Data Mining © Jason Wang 3 Data Mining: A Multidisciplinary Field Pattern Recognition Machine Learning Databases St ti ti Statistics Information Visualization Data Mining © Jason Wang 4 Data to be mined Text databases Web databases Scientific and biological databases Transactional databases Data Mining © Jason Wang 5 Knowledge to be discovered K l d t b di d Association (correlation) – Multi-dimensional vs. single-dimensional association – age(X “20 29”) ^ income(X “20 29K”) buys(X “PC”) age(X, 20..29 ) income(X, 20..29K ) buys(X, PC ) [support = 2%, confidence = 60%] – contains(X, “computer”) contains(X, “software”) [1%, computer ) software ) 75%] Data Mining © Jason Wang 6 Knowledge to be discovered g (cont.) Classification – Finding models...
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...Implicit and Explicit Memory The brain's memory systems are divided into two types: implicit memory and explicit memory. The main difference between implicit and explicit memory is their relation to consciousness: explicit memory transport data to consciousness in the form of images or thoughts, while implicit memory mainly skips consciousness (Memory, 2009). Procedural memory is another type of implicit memory. Procedural memory allows individual to gain specific skills, like using a music instruments or learning how to play a sport. It works effectively without consciousness, and conscious awareness may hinder with its effectiveness, evidenced shows using a trick sometimes played on another golfers by asking them if they inhale or exhale before or while swinging. When the golfer tries to tell the difference it can cause the pattern of muscle activations to break up. Classical conditioning,...
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...What is data mining: * Data mining (knowledge discovery from data) * Extraction of interesting (non-trivial, implicit, previously unknown and potentially useful) patterns or knowledge from huge amount of data * data processing using sophisticated data search capabilities and statistical algorithms to discover patterns and correlations in large preexisting databases; a way to discover new meaning in data. 2. KDD process * General functionality * Descriptive data mining * Predictive data mining * Different views lead to different classifications * Data view: Kinds of data to be mined * Knowledge view: Kinds of knowledge to be discovered * Method view: Kinds of techniques utilized * Application view: Kinds of applications adapted Data mining issues * Mining methodology * Mining different kinds of knowledge from diverse data types, e.g., bio, stream, Web * Performance: efficiency, effectiveness, and scalability * Pattern evaluation: the interestingness problem * Incorporation of background knowledge * Handling noise and incomplete data * Parallel, distributed and incremental mining methods * Integration of the discovered knowledge with existing one: knowledge fusion * User interaction * Data mining query languages and ad-hoc mining * Expression and visualization of data mining results * Interactive mining of knowledge at multiple...
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...Original article | Published 3 February 2011, doi:10.4414/smw.2011.13157 Cite this as: Swiss Med Wkly. 2011;141:w13157 Do not attempt resuscitation: the importance of consensual decisions A qualitative study Lorenz Imhofa, Romy Mahrer-Imhofa, Christine Janischb, Annemarie Kesselringc, Regula Zuercher Zenklusend a b c d Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Institute of Nursing, Winterthur, Switzerland Department of Education, Training and Professional Development, Stadtspital Waid Zurich, Switzerland Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland Department of Medicine, Pourtalès Hospital, Neuchâtel, Switzerland Correspondence: Lorenz Imhof PhD RN Zurich University of Applied Sciences Institute of Nursing School of Health Professions Technikumstr. 71 CH-8401 Winterthur Switzerland lorenz.imhof@zhaw.ch pivotal. Therefore, leadership by experienced senior physicians and nurses is needed and great efforts should be made with regard to multidisciplinary education. Key words: decision-making; multidisciplinary collaboration; end-of-life issue; resuscitation orders Introduction Since the 1980s, “do-not-attempt-resuscitation (DNAR)” orders have become common in medical practice. DNAR orders are given for 50–60% of patients who die a non-sudden death, with wide variations among countries. DNAR orders apply to only 19% of hospitalised patients in Italy, but to as many as 83% in Sweden and 86% in Switzerland [1, 2]. The frequency of DNAR decisions in...
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...does not matter for this learning unlike serial learning. The stimulis and response are needed for this learning. The recall of the stimulus, given by the response, is sometimes poor, but backward associations benefit greatly from practice in recalling the stimulus items (Terry, 2009). Free Recall Free recall is the simplest to learn. A list is presented to someone and he or she has to recall as many as the items as possible in no particular order. Davis and Bernstein (1992) conducted a study on how many words a person could recall from memory in different trial groups. The person’s age did affect the process. The older population was not able to recall as many as the younger population. A memory test was completed and thirty minutes later the group had to recall as many words as possible. The students recalled nine words on the first trial and over thirteen words on the fifth trial, whereas the older group recalled six words after the first trial and only ten on the fifth trial (Davis and Bernstein, 1992). Free recall is widely used. Free recall is similar to serial learning and paired-associate learning because of the recognition and memory needed. Free recall does not have a particular order. Presentation order is an important factor because people exhibit the same temporal associations in serial recall and in free recall with constant presentation order (Klein, Addis, & Kahana, 2005). Concept of Mnemonics Mnemonic devices are used to help with recall of information. Mnemonics...
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...and Rey Carlou Cailing. I. Introduction Climate Change or Global warming is the increase of the average temperature of earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and landmasses. Scientists believe earth is currently facing a period of rapid warming brought on by rising levels of heat-trapping gases, known as greenhouse gases, in the atmosphere (Harvey, 2012). Ironically, “It is not climate change that is our problem, but the attitude of people that should be addressing the problem” (Fernandez, 2012). Most previous studies evaluating the cause of awareness to the people towards the climate change is the effects of people’s attitude towards climate change (Gallup, 2008; Barret & Dannenberg, 2012). Most of the studies confirm the explicit and implicit attitudes towards climate change suggest targeting hidden thoughts a better way to change people’s behavior (Corner, 2010; Kormos & McIntyre, 2011). There are also findings that proved the countries to firm one another to build human activities towards climate change. This paper is intended to transport cognizance on the necessary ideas on what are the people’s perception towards climate change that have been affected the existence of the of the mother nature and all the life form that exist in this world. A. Objectives The students intend to: 1. To Discuss the nature climate change and its causes; 2. To provide data supporting that there are causes and effects in every peoples attitude towards climate change; ...
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...We are in an age often referred to as the information age. In this information age, the belief is that information leads to power and success, and impressively complex technologies such as computers, satellites, etc. are available to help in collecting large amounts of information and data. Initially, with the emergence of computers and the means for mass digital storage, we started collecting and saving all sorts of data, counting on the power of computers to help sort through this mix of information. Unfortunately, these huge collections of data stored on structures that are not similar, very quickly became too much. The production of data is expanding at an incredible rate. Expert now point to a 4300% increase in annual data generation by 2020. In 2007 the estimated information content of all human knowledge was 295 exabyte, CSC predicted that in 2020 data production will be 44 times more greater than it was in 2009....
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...fit, (2) the formation of primary attitudes towards the extension, (3) the link between extension attitude and marketplace behaviour and (4) the reciprocal effect of brand extension attitude on parent brand/extension category attitude. Moderator and control variables of these processes are identified and classified into three groups: (1) consumer characteristics, (2) marketer-controlled factors and (3) external factors. This integrative model leads to the identification of missing links and variables in past research, resulting in a propositional inventory for future studies. The paper ends with a reflection on the long-term perspectives of scientific inquiry on brand extensions. Keywords: Brand extensions, Consumer Attitudes, Brand Associations, Brand Affect, Cognitive Psychology 2 Introduction Brand extension is the "use of established brand names to enter new product categories or classes" (Keller & Aaker, 1992, p. 35). The past fifteen years have witnessed the development of an important body of empirical evidence on consumer attitude vis-à-vis brand extensions. Systematic research on consumer behaviour towards brand extension was initiated by two seminal North American studies (Boush et al, 1987; Aaker & Keller, 1990). Since, research on...
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...IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL ADVERTISING APPEALS ON CONSUMER IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT MEMORY: AN ACCESSIBILITY/DIAGNOSTICITY PERSPECTIVE Patti Williams The Wharton School University of Pennsylvania May 2000 Rough working draft. Please do not quote without author’s permission. Patti Williams is Assistant Professor of Marketing at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 1400 Steinberg/Dietrich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Thanks to Carol Scott, Jennifer Aaker, Bob Bjork, Gavan Fitzsimons, Debbie MacInnis and Don Morrison for their generous donations of time and support to my dissertation research, upon which this paper is based. Special thanks to Jennifer for her insight and editing skills in creating this version of the paper. This research was funded in part by the Procter and Gamble Marketing Innovation Fund. Particular thanks to Chris Allen for his efforts in facilitating my relationship with P & G. Abstract Emotional advertisements have a substantial impact on consumer attitudes, as well as upon purchase intentions. However, research on the influence of emotional appeals on memory has been somewhat mixed, with some researchers asserting that they result in poor consumer memory, while others argue that if tested properly, they have a substantial impact. The current research addresses these mixed results by relying on an accessibility/diagnosticity framework to explore the effect of emotions on consumer implicit and explicit memory. Explicit memory performance is...
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...wellbeing, a holistic shift from the biomedical view of health being the mere absence of disease and infirmity. However, due to the rising demand of the merit good this has resulted in a rationalisation of health dependent on supply available, its distribution and consumers’ willingness to pay (Light & Hughs, 2001). With the growing demand for health care and government coverage compounded with the decline of doctors and health resources to meet such demand, governing agents and economists have had to use alternative methods to ration these goods to sustain health resources to maximise its benefit i.e., through implicit and explicit rationing. This essay therefore aims to describe both methods used in regards to booking systems of elective services in New Zealand, to portray how health resources are prioritised upon patients but furthermore aim to show how although implicit methods are desirable, explicit rationing adopted in New Zealand is a more practical option to not only sustaining health resources but provides consumers the ability to make rational choices regarding personal and familial health. For the scope of this essay we will discuss both elective and urgent conditions, because the blurred lines separating the two. An elective condition is a non-urgent illness that does not require immediate treatment, whereas an urgent condition is one where that if left untreated can result in either death or disability (Derret, 2005). However, in relation to elective service prioritisation...
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...1 The Induction-Deduction Opposition: Ambiguities and Complexities of the Didactic Reality Wilfried Decoo Published in IRAL: International Review of Applied Linguistics, vol. 34, n° 2 (May 1996), 95-118. ("didactic" = pertaining to teaching and learning in a school context) Abstract An analysis of some of the scientific literature reveals that the terms "induction" and "deduction" often point to various concepts. A number of modalities need to be discerned, especially in the realm of "induction". Experimental comparisons of different methodological approaches may also neglect, to some extent, the complexities of what is really taking place in the classroom setting. The purpose of this article is not to take sides in the methodological controversy, but to contribute to a greater awareness of terminology identification and of the tangents, plural forms and crossings between didactic strategies that draw on "induction" or "deduction". Les termes "induction" et "déduction", tels qu'une analyse de la littérature scientifique nous les révèle, renvoient souvent à des concepts différents. Il semble utile de discerner les différentes modalités, en particulier dans le domaine de "l'induction". Les comparaisons expérimentales de différentes approches méthodologiques semblent négliger, du moins en partie, les aspects complexes de la réalité en classe. Cet article ne prend pas position dans la controverse méthodologique, mais désire contribuer à une plus grande prise de conscience d'une part...
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