...Common Problems affecting Sight: 1. Myopia/nearsightedness: Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a common type of refractive error where close objects appear clearly, but distant objects appear blurry. Myopia develops in eyes that focus images in front of the retina instead of on the retina, which results in blurred vision. This occurs when the eyeball becomes too long and prevents incoming light from focusing directly on the retina. It may also be caused by an abnormal shape of the cornea or lens. Myopia can affect both children and adults. Some of the signs and symptoms of myopia include: * Headaches * Eyestrain * Squinting * Difficulty seeing distant objects, such as highway signs Myopia can be corrected with eyeglasses and contact lenses and surgery. 2. Hyperopia/farsightedness: Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is a common type of refractive error where distant objects may be seen more clearly than objects that are near. Hyperopia develops in eyes that focus images behind the retina instead of on the retina, which can result in blurred vision. This occurs when the eyeball is too short, which prevents incoming light from focusing directly on the retina. It may also be caused by an abnormal shape of the cornea or lens. Hyperopia can affect both children and adults. The symptoms of hyperopia vary from person to person. But some common signs and symptoms of hyperopia are very similar to Myopia which are: * Headaches * Eyestrain ...
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...Cataract Definition: Opacity of the lens that distorts the image projected on to the retina and which can progress to blindness. Types of cataracts include: * * Senile * Congenital * Traumatic * Secondary Anatomy and Physiology: * Cornea - It is the outermost lens of the eye, controlling and focusing incoming light. It shields the rest of the eye from dust, germs and other harmful foreign matter. * Sclera - The visible white part of the eye.The sclera is a protective layer that maintains the global shape of the eye and offers resistance to internal and external forces. * Iris - The part of the eye which is colored. The iris is a diaphragm that regulates the expansion and contraction of the pupil to allow in the required amount of light. * Choroid – contains blood vessels and supplies nutrients to the retina. * Ciliary Body - Connects the choroids with the iris and secretes aqueous humor that helps the eye its shape. * Retina - The retina is the link between the brain and the light entering the eye. The retina is a complex structure able to convert the impacting light into nerve impulses that are then sent to the brain along the optic nerve. * Rods are photoreceptors responsible for peripheral vision and function at reduced levels of illumination. * Cones function at bright levels of illumination and are responsible for color vision and central vision. * Vitreous body – transmits light and gives shape to the...
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...The human body can encounter several diseases throughout life whether they are genetic or acquired. Many times diseases are age related and others are genetic that someone is born with. Some diseases of the special senses are Age related macular disease, glaucoma, cataracts, detaches retina, deafness, Meniere’s disease, and Ataxia. Each caused from something different and each effecting everyday life of an individual. Age related Macular disease is also referred to as Macular degeneration. It is the leading cause of vision loss in people over 50. It is caused from damage done the macular which is the smallest part on the retina. Once damage is done to the macula, the individual’s eyesight may become dark, discolored, blurry, or distorted. This causes overall eyesight loss and damage to everyday eyesight. Glaucoma, is increased pressure inside the eyes. Intraocular pressure is the increased pressure overtime, the increased pressure causes damage to the optic nerve in which images are transmitting through the optic nerve to the brain. Damage from glaucoma causes blindness. This typically occurs in individuals over the age of 40 whose aqueous humor is not flowing properly. Cataracts is the clouding of the eye lenses typically causing blurred or discolored vision. Individuals who develop cataracts usually have one or more previous eyesight issues. Cataracts is treated with a surgery that removes the clouded lenses and replaces it with a clear one. Detached Retina, is when the...
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...[pic] Resolution of the World Health Organization After meeting in Geneva in May 2003 for the Fifty-Sixth World Health Assembly, the WHO outlined its Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness, or VISION 2020 plan. The WHO urges national governments to: • Set up, not later than 2005, a national VISION 2020 plan, in partnership with the WHO and in collaboration with NGOs and the private sector. • Establish a national coordinating committee for VISION 2020 or a national blindness prevention committee, which may include consumer or patient groups, to develop and implement the plan. • Commence implementation of such plans by 2007 at the latest. • Include effective information systems with standardized indicators and periodic monitoring and evaluation, with the aim of showing a reduction in the magnitude of avoidable blindness by 2010. • Mobilize resources for eliminating avoidable blindness. In turn, the WHO agrees to: • Maintain and strengthen the WHO’s collaboration with governments and all partners of the initiative. • Ensure coordination of the implementation of the VISION 2020 plan, by setting up a monitoring committee grouping all those involved, including national government representatives. • Provide support for strengthening national capability, especially through development of human resources, to coordinate, assess, and prevent avoidable blindness...
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...Americans ages 18 and above have tanned using a bed in the year of 2010. Tanning beds are a machine that is used for body tanning. Tanning is a method that is used to make skin a different tone. Many people around the world today use tanning beds and most people probably aren’t aware of the facts behind it. These machines can be very harmful to one’s body and can lead to illnesses and diseases such as cancer. In my opinion, tanning beds should be banned because they lead to disease, effects on vision, and ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬can cause addiction. Research states that using tanning...
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...university – graduate studies | Visual Perception Deficits | Cataract & Glaucoma | Submitted by: | Nadine Angelica C. Gadia – Casiño, RN | March 18, 2012Submitted to:Ms. Delia V. Realista, RN, MANProfessor | | I. Intoduction Cataract Cataracts are common and significant cause of visual defects all over the world. A cataract is an opacification or clouding of the lens of the eye. Cataracts develop because of the alteration of transport of nutrients and metabolism in the lens. This interferes with light transmission to the retina therefore affecting the ability to perceive images clearly. All cells of the lens formed in the lifetime is retained therefore prevalence of cataracts increase rapidly with aging. WHO estimates that cataracts account for 48% of reversible blindness worldwide, which translates to about 18 million people. Cataracts affect slightly more women than men. The Beaver Dam Eye Study in the US found that 23.5% of women and 14.3% of men had a visually significant cataract by the age of 65 years. Although cataracts can be surgically removed, in many countries surgical services are inadequate, and cataract remains the leading cause of blindness. Age is the greatest risk factor in the occurrence of cataracts. Cataract, though with unclear links, may be acquired through heredity and genetics (e.g., Wilson's disease, galactosaemia, myotonic dystrophy). Early formation of cataracts is associated with the following risk factors: * Environmental...
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...This pressure affects the optic nerve and may lead to vision loss. There are no symptoms of glaucoma in its early stages and when discovered late, damage is irreversible. This is why having eye checks on a regular basis is important, in this case early detection is key to treatment and prevention. Cataracts Cataracts are painless cloudy lenses in the eye that can cause blurry vision. This may occur due to age, diabetes complications, trauma, medication and too much UV light exposure. Treating cataracts may include eyeglasses, magnifying lenses and surgery. Age Related Macular Degeneration This eye disease can happen at any age but is usually detected after the age of 60. The macula is affected which is the central part of the retina that helps one focus. Vision is not totally lost, only central vision is compromised. Retinal Detachment Detachment of the retina happens when the retina separates from the back of the eye. This is caused by the build up of fluid and is painless. Symptoms are seeing flashing lights or floaters. Surgery using lasers as mostly used to treat this...
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...last name, e.g., “NR305_Family_Genetic_History_Form_Smith”. When you are finished, submit the form to the Family Genetic History Dropbox by the deadline indicated in your guidelines. Post questions in the Q & A Forum or contact your instructor if you have questions about this assignment. 1: Family Genetic History (35 points): Develop a family genetic history that includes, at a minimum, three generations of your chosen adult’s family, including grandparents, parents, and the adult’s generation. If the adult has any children, include them as the fourth generation. **PLEASE NOTE: This assignment is to reveal the potential impact of the family’s health on the adult participant. You do not need to identify anyone who is not biologically related to the adult except for a spouse or significant other. You do not need to use symbols, but instead write brief descriptions for each person. Each...
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...goes through different experiences while their getting older. When people age they tend to have problems these can be caused by the difference their body goes through, also this tends to happen to people who are more into their fifties. Even people who have passed the stage of 50’s can still have issues caused by the changes, which they still need to get used to because there’s no way it will change. Physical changes- while a person is aging their bodies go through many changes; these will be their skin, joint and the bones. The side effects of aging will usually be more off a wrinkled skin and also a thinner skin. People with older ages are more likely to be sensitive, their bones are more likely to break their skin is more likely to get damaged. Due to their old age they are likely to have pains within their joints. During this physical change their joins tend to become looser. They will lose weight which is caused by their cartilage become apart, also their posture starts changing they may not be able to keep a straight back due to their spine becoming round and also another change will be that their muscles will start to lose power and they will become weak. By time individuals can also experience having problems with their eye sight this could be them going through a struggle while reading or writing, some people also tend to lose their sense off smelling and tasting things. Caused from old age individuals can also have problems with their hearing. Organs: Old aged people...
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...Lipoic acid, or more technically alpha-lipoic acid, is an increasingly recognized dietary supplement that has demonstrated a variety of beneficial effects. Lipoic acid occurs naturally in small amounts in the body where it is involved in a variety of processes but is primarily important in aerobic metabolism and various enzymatic actions. Lipoic acid is known to be involved in the energy-producing processes in cells. Lipoic acid is found in many foods, including liver, kidney, and heart meat and in broccoli, spinach, beets, yeast, yams, carrots, and potatoes. Scientists discovered lipoic acid in the 1950s, but the importance of this compound and its critical role as an antioxidant in the body was not defined until 1988. Lipoic acid is readily converted in the body to another compound called dihydrolipoic acid. Dihydrolipoic acid, or R-Dihydrolipoic acid, is the reduced form of lipoic acid that has more immediate effects than lipoic acid and has even more significant antioxidant effects than lipoic acid. Both of these antioxidants are particularly effective in destroying free radicals known as peroxynitrite radicals. These damaging compounds contain both oxygen and nitrogen and have been implicated in the development of chronic inflammation, nervous system diseases, pulmonary diseases, and arteriosclerosis. Lipoic acid acts as an antioxidant in the body and has been shown to have protective effects against nerve damage in diabetics, among other beneficial effects. Lipoic acid...
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...Good, Better, Video Games Dakota Boyd ITT Technical Institute Over the past twenty years or so there has been much controversy regarding whether video games are good or bad for children and adults. I believe that video games have many physical and mental factors about them that are beneficial. This can range from helping with cataracts to even helping with depression. Video games are a tool that has not yet been utilized to its full potential and not just for entertainment. A Professor named Daphe Bavelier who works at the University of Rochester studies brain and cognitive sciences. She conducts studies on young people who play action video games. Bavelier says, “It turns out that action video games are far from mindless.” Her studies show that video gamers who played action video games showed improved skills in vision, attention, and certain aspects in regards to cognition (Trudeau 2010). German researchers conducted an experiment to help better understand how video games affect the brain. They asked 23 adults around the age of 25 to play “Super Mario 64” for 30 minutes a day over a period of two months. They then had a separate control group which did not play video games at all. Then they examined the brains of the two groups using an MRI machine, which resulted in them finding that the group who played the video game had a rise in gray matter in the right hippocampus, right prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. These areas of the brain are responsible for spatial navigation...
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...Ear 1. The nurse is performing a voice test to assess hearing. Which of the following describes the accurate procedure for performing this test? A. Stand 4 feet away from the client to ensure that the client can hear at this distance. B. Whisper a statement and ask the client to repeat it. C. Whisper a statement with the examiners back facing the client D. Whisper a statement while the client blocks both ears. 2. During a hearing assessment, the nurse notes that the sound lateralizes to the clients left ear with the Weber test. The nurse analyzes this result as: 1. A normal finding 2. A conductive hearing loss in the right ear 3. A sensorineural or conductive loss 4. The presence of nystagmus 3. The nurse is caring for a client that is hearing impaired. Which of the following approaches will facilitate communication? 1. Speak frequently 2. Speak loudly 3. Speak directly into the impaired ear 4. Speak in a normal tone 4. The nurse has conducted discharge teaching for a client who had a fenestration procedure for the treatment of otosclerosis. Which of the following, if stated by the client, would indicate that teaching was effective? 1. “I should drink liquids through a straw for the next 2-3 weeks.” 2. “It’s ok to take a shower and wash my hair.” 3. “I will take stool softeners as prescribed by my doctor.” 4. “I can resume my penis lessons starting next week.” 5. A client arrives...
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...Patan (Gujarat)-384265. ABSTRACT With the aim of providing affordable eye care services to a country which has about 20 million blind citizens and 80% of it due to curable cataracts, at the age of 58, Dr. V. Started, the Aravind Eye Hospital. Popularly known as the McDonald‘s of cataract surgery, with a bed strength of more than 4000 beds and serving 0.25 million patients every year, this is one of the world‘s largest eye care systems catering largely to the poor population. Poor people with cataract can regain their eye-sight at a price as low as $40 or even free, if they can‘t afford. It was demonstrated by this non-profit system that it is practically possible to combine high quality, low cost, world scale and sustainability. It has been seen as a unique business model by many Organizations and has proven that care provided at low cost can also yield sustainability and even profitability. Aravind system's successful manufacturing unit, Aurolab, has produced 6%-7% of the low-cost lenses world-wide in 2002, which were sold in more than 100 countries. This Organization has been a source of case studies to not only national, but International agencies as well. ___________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION CASE STUDY Dr. V. created a system for sight-saving cataract surgeries that produces enviable medical outcomes in...
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...Visual Impairment Introduction Vision challenge or impairment is when a person’s degree of seeing is very low and the affected person requires assistance in order to carry out daily routine. Significantly, for one to qualify as visually impaired there must be prove that a person cannot undertake duties by himself without necessary assistance. For a person to qualify as a visually challenged, there must be a prove that the affected eyes cannot be conventionally treated. Visual challenge cannot be corrected by surgery, refractive measures neither by medication and that is why it is termed as visual impairment. The most rampart causes of visual challenge are trauma, degenerative or congenital means and a variety of diseases. In the society, blindness is the term that is preferably used to describe a visually impaired per son. Low eyesight is generally revealed when the affected person cannot view a normal distance and walk by himself (Algozzine, 2006). The degree of impairment can also be revealed when a person cannot read some normal writings. This is to say that even with the assistance of contact magnifying glasses or even eyeglasses the victim cannot reveal the writings on a normal newspaper (Bailey & Hall, 1990). Hyperopic impairment is accrued with inability person to see objects in a close distance. Myopic impairment is quite the opposite of hyperopic whereby a victim cannot identify objects at close distance. All these vision challenges greatly obscure the affected person...
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...Overexposure to the sun is a significant global health issue. The atmosphere provides a natural protection against harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays that are emitted by the sun. However, depletion of the ozone layer has decreased that natural protection, leading to many health problems as a result (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2010). Skin cancers, premature aging, cataracts and other eye damage, and problems with the immune system are all problems associated with overexposure to the sun. Anthropologists have theorized since 1934 that human skin color “is an evolutionary adaption to UV exposure” (Weishaar, 2013). The notion that the human race’s ancestors had darker skin because they lived near the equator, protecting them against the harmful effects of high UV levels, was made as an explanation as to how overexposure to the sun became a problem over time. Tom Weishaar, member of the Department of Health and Behavior Sutdies, explains that the migration of humans away from the equator resulted in lighter hues in skin color and a lack of adequate vitamin D synthesis in the skin, making them more at risk for health problems associated with overexposure. He further explains that the result is that individuals with darker skin are at risk in areas where there are lower levels of UV exposure and that, adversely, those with lighter skin are more at risk in areas with higher levels of UV exposure. The suggestion was made that public health professionals globally...
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