...justices system from the media. But how true are these images of justice? Developing the criminal justice system Introduction--London Metropolitan Police was the first police agency and was developed in 1829. The first police agencies in the United States were in Boston (1838), New York (1844); and Philadelphia (1854). Criminal justice system was first recognized in 1919, by the Chicago crime commission. The modern era of justice Modern era of justice can be traced to a series of research projects begun in the 1950 under the sponsorship of the American Bar Foundation. Federal involvement in criminal justice President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice was appointed by President Johnson in 1967. Passage of the Safe Streets and Crime Control Act of 1968 Helped launch massive campaign to restructure criminal justice system Provided funding for the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) The contemporary criminal justice system Introduction—The criminal justice system is society’s instrument of social control. The contemporary criminal justice system in the United Sates is monumental in size. The system is massive because it must process and care for millions of people. The criminal justice system can be divided into three main components: law enforcement agencies, court system, and correctional system. The formal criminal justice process Introduction: Few cases are actually processed through the entire formal system. A comprehensive view...
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...he criminal justice system is the set of agencies and processes by governments to control crime and impose penalties on those who violate the law. The criminal justice system five main components playing a key role in the criminal justice process; law enforcement officers, prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges, and correction officers. All of these five main components do not make a smooth function, so they are divided into an interdependent criminal justice system and a fragmented criminal justice non-system. An interdependent criminal justice system is the relationship between its members, such as police, courts and correction officers, that each is mutually dependent in the court and prison system. Although they are each separate and independent...
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...Administrative Agencies This write-up expounds on Group Four’s perspective of how agencies in the United States of America affect our lives. The group has provided a list of agencies that play similar and at times very different roles in ensuring the quality of life we have come to expect is never compromised. The write-up explains some of Group Four members’ real life experiences, offering recommendations as to how one should address the negative impact(s) a particular agencies has had on his or her life. Lastly, the write-up explains the role of the courts in address any negative experiences any individual may have had with any of the agencies and the limitations of the courts’ review of the agencies decisions that lead to the negative impact. Which agencies regulate some aspect of your lives? The longer the list, the more interesting this exercise should be, so take some time to brainstorm a thorough answer to this question. Federal Agencies CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention EEOC United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FCC Federal Communications Commission FDA Food and Drug Administration FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation FED Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System FTC Federal Trade Commission HHS United States Department of Health and Human Services HRSA Health Resources and Services Administration IRS Internal...
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...commission, gift, favor, gratuity, benefit, or reward as an inducement to secure any specific engineering work or assignment." In Peter's case he was asked to "secure specific engineering work" for a fee. The practice of sharing the public documents is legal and professionally ethical but when a fee is procured for the transaction the act becomes unethical. The documents in both cases were public because they were documents of court which could be obtained by any lawyer. When Peter placed a fee on documents that were public his actions were in violation of the code and made his offer professionally unethical. Part (II) Table 1. Line drawling of "The Offer" showing non-theft (Peter's perspective) Feature Theft The Offer Not Theft Entitlement No ---------------------------X--------- Yes Permission Not Allowed --------------------------------X---- Allowed (1) Peter's possession of the documents was not theft based on his entitlement and permission to have them. Peter was entitled to have possession of the documents by the court due to his role in a previous case. He also had permission to use...
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...all that roles and functions of police organizations and their role as it applies to the law. I will also go over the various types of police agencies at the local, state, and federal level and the roles and functions of each. Lastly I will explain the role and function of patrol work. By the end of this paper you should have a better understanding of what an officer does. The United States has one of the most complex law enforcement systems because of the various levels of their policing agencies. In the United stated each town, county, state, city, and small village has it’s oh policing agency. Even though there are various police agencies the structural organization is similar. This is because all law enforcement agencies have the same objective. The organizations of the police agencies are hierarchical. Police institutions can be analyzed like organizations with several key components (Alvarado, 2008). These organizations are designed with rank structure, separate departments and units. These components work together to form a fully functioning law enforcement agency. Local, State and Federal Agencies There are many different agencies local, state and federal government agencies. The local Agencies consist of three different agencies which are: Municipal police, county police and county sheriffs. There are two different types of state government Agencies the State police and the Bureaus of criminal investigation. Lastly are the federal government agencies they persist...
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...commission, gift, favor, gratuity, benefit, or reward as an inducement to secure any specific engineering work or assignment." In Peter's case he was asked to "secure specific engineering work" for a fee. The practice of sharing the public documents is legal and professionally ethical but when a fee is procured for the transaction the act becomes unethical. The documents in both cases were public because they were documents of court which could be obtained by any lawyer. When Peter placed a fee on documents that were public his actions were in violation of the code and made his offer professionally unethical. Part (II) Table 1. Line drawling of "The Offer" showing non-theft (Peter's perspective) Feature Theft The Offer Not Theft Entitlement No ---------------------------X--------- Yes Permission Not Allowed --------------------------------X---- Allowed (1) Peter's possession of the documents was not theft based on his entitlement and permission to have them. Peter was entitled to have possession of the documents by the court due to his role in a previous case. He also had permission to use...
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...illegally is also a punishable crime, which is fraud. Other crimes can include drug offences, arson , which means to set fires on purpose, gaming and betting which is known as gambling and weapons possession. The law is a set of rules or regulations made by the government that are enforced by a controlling authority and rime is the act that breaks the law. The relationship between crime and the law is without the controlling authority of the law crime can not be prevented or monitored. Common Models that are used to determine which acts are considered criminal are the " Consensus Model" and the "Conflict Model" The Consensus model is a criminal justice perspective that assumes that the systems components work together harmoniously to achieve the social prodcut we call justice. The Conflict Model is a criminal justice perspective that assumes that the systems components function primarily to serve their own interests according to this theoretical framework...
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... The world of criminal justice contains almost 18,000 state, local, and federal agencies. These agencies have over a million employees nationwide. The subject of this paper focuses on the various perspectives of policing within the state, local, and federal levels of organizations. The possible future changes in laws is addressed and identified in the paper. Finally, the impact these changes will cause in policing. These agencies have certain fragments that interfere with the development of centralized systems to regulate or coordinate the different agencies. Policing has four different levels of service that consist of federal, state, city, and county. These agencies have different responsibilities and roles in the law enforcement industry. The six largest police agencies in the United States are Detroit, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Houston, and Los Angles. In the United States the local departments have 12, 656 agencies, 3,061- county sheriff’s department s, 45 federal organizations, 49 state organizations, and 1,376 special police organizations. Most of these departments handle major duties such as responding to complaints by citizens, patrolling certain areas, and investigate murders, and crimes. The specialty police organizations consist of agencies that enforce the...
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...Business and Society Law Kimberly Johnson LAW 421 June 22, 2015 Lisa Johnson Society and Business Law We live in a society where there are rules and regulations surrounding us on a daily basis. No one gives it a second thought to obey the rules of the road or to automatically pay for your groceries at the store. Laws are in place to ensure a peaceful existence for all of society, and to preserve the rights of individual Americans and businesses. Individuals who choose to disobey the laws will be punished. This paper will put the following three topics into perspective; the structure and nature of the constitution, the role and function of law in society, and the judiciary system. The Organization of the Constitution The structure of the constitution is set up to ensure that each section or branch does not exceed its authority. “The constitution has a preamble, seven articles, and twenty-seven amendments (Melvin, 2011)." The "Bill of Rights" are comprised of the first 10 amendments. “The first three articles establish a three part system of government with these three branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch (Melvin, 2011).” The first amendment guarantees each citizen the freedom of religion, speech, and press. The second amendment ensures citizens the right to bear arms. The third amendment guards against forcing citizens to house and feed soldiers. The fourth amendment guards against unreasonable search and seizure...
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...work as a “well-oiled machine” in receiving justice for crimes committed. Unfortunately it seems that although all agencies of the criminal justice system have the same goal, none work in sync to solidify criminal justice as a system. Crime According to The Free Dictionary Online (2014), crime is “a violation of a law in which there is injury to the public or a member of the public and a term in jail or prison, and/or a fine as possible penalties”. Crime is punishable by the legal sanctions. The relationship between crime and law is without the strict enforcement of the law crime cannot be prevented. The two most common models of how society determines a criminal act include consensus and conflict models. Through the consensus model, society shares the same morals even though communities are quite diverse. The crimes that violate this morally valued system are deemed harmful to society. The conflict model holds that because society is so diverse people are constantly engaged in a power struggle. Those within the dominate groups will codify their beliefs and values into hard law (Thomas, Cage, & Foster, 1976). Government Structure The criminal justice system is a compellation of federal, state, and local agencies each dealing with any crime issue. Each agency processes suspects and convicted persons yet are interdependent regarding the decisions of one agency versus another. The criminal justice system is made up of legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government...
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...legislative, executive, and judiciary which all play a role in the legal system and the creation of laws. The branches of government were put into place to create a system of checks and balances. The branches work together because no single branch of government can act freely based on its own will. The laws and practices of the United States were created based on the foundations of English common law. Also there are many factors that lawmakers must consider and acknowledge before writing laws to be reviewed and executed. The legislative branch was established by Article I of the constitution and consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The constitution gives this branch the authority to pass legislation and send it to the President to be signed, the bill must pass in the Senate and the House with majority vote. Although, the President can veto the bill it can be overridden by passing the bill again through the House and the Senate with at least a two thirds majority vote in favor. The executive branch includes the President of the United States who acts as the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The executive branch is the branch of government that governs the law enforcement agencies. The President is responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws created by Congress and appoints the heads of the federal agencies, including the Cabinet. The Cabinet and independent federal agencies are responsible for the day-to-day enforcement and...
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...or the administrative process” (Rosenbloom, 2003). Agencies are often sued by individuals and entities that they regulate. Statues and administrative rules are enforced by an agencies use of litigation. In some instances, federal agencies are sued by each other i.e. United States Department of Defense v. Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA) which was the result of trying to enforce a petition to order requiring respondents to comply with FLRA order to cease and desist from committing unfair labor practices...
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...Professional Responsibility Mulligan versus Friedman perspectives on moral business decisions * Mulligan: Execs have most knowledge and will be better at at analyzing problems and implementing solutions * Friedman: Execs are not competent to solve moral problems – should be left to governemtn Director/Officer “Duty of Due Care Standard” in the Business Judgment Rule Statutory duty to act: 1. “In Good Faith” – NO SELF INTEREST 2. “With Care of an ordinarly prudent person” BE INFORMED 3. “In manner reasonably believed to be in best interest of corporation” Comparison to a Professional’s “Duty of Due Care”: 1. Duty of Care 2. Breach of duty of care by a reasonably prudent professional 3. breach causes damages that were foreseeable. 4. Negligence Theory: , Can negligence be criminal—US v Parks case Yes! If informed of an issue, should follow through and ensure action was taken (supermarket example) States’ Differing Public Policy on role of stakeholders in making a decision that is in the best interests of the company * Half of the states say the officers and directors can take into account stockholders and other stakeholders (employees, customers, supplies, communities). * Pennsylvania and Indiana allow officers to place the interests of stakeholders above stockholders Why most companies choose Delaware to incorporate Management friendly. Example: business judgement rule Drucker’s Aristotelian...
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...The security goals as well as challenges of criminal justice paper University of Phoenix The security goals as well as challenges of criminal justice paper In this paper, it will discuss the criminal justice, security challenges, and objectives. Like the various goals local, state, and federal, the challenges they are dealing with and their roles. The goal of probation, parole, also correctional organization the privatization of government services, for the purpose of private and corporate security. Differing goals and objective The purpose the local, state, and federal police forces, vary on the challenges that they can do. They all have the goal to secure and serve society. However, independently, each section of the different agencies like local, state, as well as federal take care of their branches, they assigned to do their duties for the government. Like, for instance, police, branches that the federal intention, which deal with watching to see if custom guidelines followed. Also making sure that the immigration law being enforce, and securing the borders of the United States. The law enforcement branch state their purpose is with investigations; they deal with the emergency repose that out of local police department's control jurisdiction; also they deal with patrolling the highways. While police are local, their intent is to address the response to metropolitan, local, also district (go law enforcement, 2015)...
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...political, sociological, and psychological. So a political view defines groups that threaten others in powerful groups and that will disrupt the status quo. This mind set is not about the society as a whole, but about the social power that might possibly threaten their power. While a legalistic view leans more towards laws that are already in place for a given crime. There are three different agencies that form a government structure. Those agencies are police, courts and corrections. Each component has a different function. Police agencies enforce laws, investigate crimes to apprehend offenders and to reduce crime, ensure public safety, and to provide emergency services to the public. Courts uphold the laws that the police enforce, and protect the public’s rights and freedoms. Corrections carryout the decisions by the courts, it also provide the offenders safe and humane supervision within the facility. There are five goals of the criminal justice system. These five goals are Deterrence, Incapacitation, Retribution, Retribution, Rehab, and Restoration. Each different goal has its own role that is plays in the criminal justice system. Although they are all different in what they do, they all can work in unison together to accomplish a better result. Deterrence is the fear of punishment in the criminal so that the person will think twice about engaging in criminal behavior. There are a couple types of deterrence; general and specific deterrence. Specific deterrence is used...
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