...Chapter: Development Studies Rural Development The economy of Bangladesh is based on agriculture. When the question of development arises in this society, the question of rural development comes automatically. It has been accorded the highest priority in our development strategy. It aims at qualitative change in the life pattern of our people. Definition of Rural Development: Rural development is the betterment in the totality of life for rural people. According to World Bank (2006), “Rural development is a strategy designed to improve the economic and social life of a specific group of people-the rural poor.” The Objectives of Rural Development: The objectives encompass improved productivity, increased employment and thus higher incomes and health. A national programme of rural development should include a mix of activities, including to projects to raise agricultural output, create new employment, improve health and education, expand communications and improve housing. Importance of Rural Development: For a country like Bangladesh, rural development is important. The reason behind this is that most of the people of the country are living in the villages. There is a direct link between the rural development and the development of our national economy. The rural sectors contribute about two-thirds of the GDP. We can achieve our cherished goal of financial development by the development of our villages which hold the key to our success. Specific Targets of...
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...The term ‘rural development’ has for ages been used by policy makers and development planners. However, there are no universally accepted approaches to rural development since what constitutes rural development seems to vary from one society to another and from time to time. In the paste three decades (as some scholars put it), rural development was viewed from a narrow perspective in that it was taken as synonymous with agricultural development and, hence, focused on increasing agricultural production. This focus seems to have been driven primarily by the interests of industrialization to take out surpluses from the agriculture sector to strengthen industrialization. With the focus on increasing agricultural production, the main objective of most developing nations was just to promote smallholder agriculture. Over time, the smallholder agriculture-centric concept of rural development underwent significant changes. Rural development was no longer viewed from a narrow point of view as it was the case in previous decades. On the contrary, rural development later began to be perceived as a multidimensional and complex concept that should be viewed from several angles. As a result of its multidimensional nature, the concept of rural development later began to focuses not only on agriculture, but also encompasses the development of other allied activities such as village and small house industries, crafts work, socio-economic infrastructure, community services and facilities and...
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...Integration: Question two: Choose an EU policy and explain the justification for its operation at EU level and its impact on a country of your choice. To begin, the EU Policy that I have chosen is the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which was established by the European Commission in 1960 but it wasn’t until 1962 that it actually came into effect. Within this essay I am going to look at the justification of the policy’s operation at an EU level and its impact on Ireland over the last few decades. This policy was a necessity to EU integration, as agriculture is one of the single biggest economic sectors. The Common Agricultural Policy is viewed as a partnership between Europe and its farming community. The policy has gone through many modifications and reforms since its creation and it continuing to change in the present day. The Common Agricultural Policy was established as a policy that would enhance the social structure of agriculture in Europe while preserving the environment and the safety and quality of the goods that famers were producing. CAP maintains commodity price levels and subsidises production within EU Member States. Many different types of mechanisms are used to achieve this, such as, import quotas and levies as well as internal intervention prices, which serve as a floor for market prices. In addition to this, there are also production quotas. These are in place to avoid the over production of foods that draw in financial support well in excess of their market...
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...REGIONAL RURAL BANKS The Narasimham committee on rural credit recommended the establishment of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) on the ground that they would be much better suited than the commercial banks or co-operative banks in meeting the needs of rural areas. Accepting the recommendations of the Narasimham committee, the government passed the Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976. A significant development in the field of banking during 1976 was the establishment of 19 Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) under the Regional Rural Banks Act‚1976. The RRBs were established “with a view to developing the rural economy by providing, for the purpose of development of agriculture, trade, commerce, industry and other productive activities in the rural areas, credit and other facilities, particularly to small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers, artisans and small entrepreneurs, and for matters connected therewith and incidental thereto” . * Objective * Functions * Regional Rural Banks in India * Regional Rural Banks in Tamil Nadu RRBs established with the explicit objective of Top * Bridging the credit gap in rural areas * Check the outflow of rural deposits to urban areas * Reduce regional imbalances and increase rural employment generation The main objectives of setting up the RRB is to provide credit and other facilities‚ especially to the small and marginal farmers‚ agricultural labourers artisans and small entrepreneurs in rural areas. Each RRB will...
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...Rural Development policy of Ethiopia with particular emphasis on: Market-led agricultural development strategy A term paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course GaDS 503 Development Perspectives and Political theories. By: Nardos Legesse School of Governance and Development Studies College of Law and Governance (M.A Development Management) Hawassa University Hawassa January, 2013 List of contents Contents page 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….…1 2. Working towards market led agricultural development……………………………………….2 2.1 Agricultural developments- key to poverty reduction………………………………...2 2.2 Agricultural development not driven by market forces can’t be rapid and sustainable.3 2.3 The role of markets in productivity of agricultural sector …………………………... 4 2.4 Building an agricultural marketing system…………………………………………....5 2.4.1 Grading agricultural product……………………………………………..….5 2.4.2 Provision of market information………………………………………...…..5 2.4.3 Promoting...
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...Agriculture, growth and poverty reduction This paper was produced by the Agriculture and Natural Resources Team of the UK Department for International Development (DFID) in collaboration with Anne Thomson of Oxford Policy Management, Oxford. The authors are grateful to the UK Food Group for their additional contributions and comments. The paper reflects work in progress towards the development of new thinking on agricultural policy in DFID. It does not necessarily reflect the views and policy of DFID. This (working/supporting) paper is intended to stimulate public discussion. It is not necessarily DFID or UK Government policy. October 2004 Contents Executive Summary...................................................................................................... 3 1. What is the issue? .................................................................................................... 4 2. Agriculture, growth and poverty – what we know of the relationship ............................ 5 2.1 The context – the state of world poverty............................................................... 5 2.2 Agriculture’s recent performance – a picture of mixed progress............................... 7 2.3 Agricultural growth and poverty reduction – the evidence....................................... 9 2.4 Understanding how increased agricultural productivity reduces poverty ................. 10 3. Emerging issues and questions................................................
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...wfo-oma.com/women-in-agriculture/articles/the-role-of-rural-women-in-agriculture.html Written by Saquina Mucavele, MuGeDe - Women, Gender and Development, Republic of Mozambique - Southern Africa "When women are empowered and can claim their rights and access to land, leadership, opportunities and choices, economies grow, food security is enhanced and prospects are improved for current and future generations", Michelle Bachelet - Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director of UN Women Women are the backbone of the development of rural and national economies. They comprise 43% of the world’s agricultural labor force, which rises to 70% in some countries. In Africa, 80% of the agricultural production comes from small farmers, who are mostly rural women. Women comprise the largest percentage of the workforce in the agricultural sector, but do not have access and control over all land and productive resources. During the last ten years, many African countries have adopted new land laws in order to strengthen women’s land ownership rights. This has helped improve the situation of rural women. To this effect, the lack of appreciation of the role of rural women in agriculture is harmful and gives rise to a lack of specific policies, policies which are misdirected, high levels of poverty, illiteracy and non-involvement in the design and planning of programs and policies, which involves a process of mutual learning that reflects the real and specific needs of rural women. Despite...
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...single largest producing sector of the economy of Bangladesh. Most of the Bangladeshi people are involved with agricultural activities. They earn their living by doing such activities. It includes about 30% of the country’s GDP. Near about 60% people of our country are involved with agricultural activities which prove that a large amount of labor force is doing such activities. It has a great impact on some major objectives, such as- employment generation, poverty alleviation, human resources development and food security. Agricultural holdings in Bangladesh are generally small. Through Cooperatives the use of modern machinery is gradually gaining popularity. Rice, Jute, Sugarcane, Potato, Pulses, Wheat, Tea and Tobacco are the principal crops. The crop sub-sector dominates the agriculture sector contributing about 72% of total production. Fisheries, livestock and forestry sub-sectors are 10.33%, 10.11% and 7.33% respectively. For a number of factors, Bangladesh's labor-intensive agriculture has achieved stable increases in food grain production in spite of the often hostile weather conditions. It contains better flood control and irrigation. Agricultural product of Bangladesh: Rice is the staple food of Bangladesh. The production of rice can be harvested 2 or 3 times a year. Wheat is also a valuable agricultural product of our country. However due to weather conditions the production of rice and wheat fluctuate very much. For this reason Bangladesh import food from the international...
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...ambitious industrialization. Consequently, huge numbers of rural dwellers mainly peasant farmers and more educated young people migrated to Mexico City, making it an extremely densely populated city of nearly 14 million in 1995 and as of 2012, Urban population is 78% (94,728,228) of the total population of Mexico. With this perspective, we will be focusing in the year 1980s to 1990s where in Mexico headed into a severe economic problem due to rapid rate of urbanization or the Rural-Urban Migration. We will also look into historical account due to urbanization that leads to “Tequila” crisis that has produced a protracted credit crunch of this country. II. VIEWPOINT We are looking at the problem in the point of view of SAGARPA Ministry (Agriculture and Rural Development Ministry of Mexico). With this in mind, we are trying to formulate the best possible solution or courses of action that will aid to the problems of Mexico. We will be using theories and policy like the Harris-Todaro Model to have an in-depth analysis of the economic setback of this country. With this, we will be able to recommend a good, systematic, realistic and flexible action or implementation plan. III. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Rapid Urbanization in Mexico IV. OBJECTIVES General Objective: To be able to develop programs to address the rapid urbanization of Mexico. Specific Objectives: 1. To increase job opportunities in the Rural Sector 2. To increase job opportunities in the...
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... IMPACT OF RURAL BANKING ON RURAL FARMERS IN BANGLADESH INTRODUCTION: Bangladesh is an agro-based country, essentially are endeavoring for rapid development of the country. More or less 80 percent people directly or in directly depend on agriculture for their occupation .But it is a matter of great sorrow that farmers of our country get less facility in agricultural inputs especially agricultural credit. Due to the lack of credit at proper time they cannot produce crops at proper efficiency. So the responsibility of rural banks needs to be increased. Because If current agricultural trends continue, by the year 2020 in Bangladesh food shortage will increase many times, .The lower calorie intake could lead to poverty, malnutrition and hunger. In an attempt to alleviate some of these potential problems, several institutional and non-institutional sources of rural credit have been made available to Africans. It is hoped that, in the long term, credit will enable the poor to invest in agricultural and non-agricultural productive assets, to adopt new technologies and farming methods, and to minimize environmental degradation. Bangladesh, like other developing countries, has traditionally experienced low productivity, low income levels, low domestic savings, unemployment, and malnutrition. The Bangladesh government, through the Bangladesh Bank , established Rural Banks to channel credit to productive rural ventures and promote rural development. Rural development is a strategy...
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... | | |Credit Program (total portfolio 8.5 mln USD), preparation of the reports, memos and other papers on the progress of the Project | | |Review reports, other deliverables and implementation documents developed and submitted by the MCA-Armenia Credit Program | | |implementer | | |Monitoring and analysis of rural financial market development trends, study of the policies for the Rural Financial Market | | |development | | |Consultations and coordination with stakeholders and donors working in the area of rural development | | |Expert, “Millennium Challenge Account – Armenia” State Non-Commercial | | |Organization, Yerevan, Armenia, August 2011 - November 2011 | |...
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...THESIS STATEMENT: Rural poverty as an economic woe; eliminating poverty through agriculture and natural resource management, women empowerment, rural infrastructure and education. In Ghana, poverty is primarily rural, with the northern regions recording the highest incidence of poverty in the country (GSS, 2007). Low agriculture productivity, undeveloped markets and lack of gainful wage employment opportunities as well as restrictive access of the less endowed to productive resources have been identified as the major causes of poverty. Governmental policies hardly favour rural areas, leading to rural-urban migration. The number of job opportunities in these poor remote areas is limited and therefore, standard of living in rural areas is generally low. Farming activities which is taunted as the backbone of the economy is left to the old-aged to pursue since the youth sees farming as an activity for people who ‘have nothing to do’. Rural poverty as an economic woe; eliminating poverty through agriculture and natural resource management, women empowerment, rural infrastructure and education. According to the FAO (2015), the severity of the natural resource constraints facing the rural poor in Ghana requires that government focus a good number of projects on natural resource management. Many rural areas in Ghana have natural resources that are untapped. The majority of the rural poor are smallholder farmers, who are responsible for most global food production. Helping them to...
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...A REVIEW OF RURAL FINANCING IN INDIA SHUBHAM TRIVEDI & PRIYANKA SINGH MBA IB, UPES DEHRADUN ABSTRACT Talking about the Today Scenario, Financial Institutions are focusing on the improving system for Finance in Rural Areas. As on the day when Narendra Modi's Government came on the rule, it has already focused on increasing the number of branches of Commercial Banks in rural areas in order to provide better financial services to the people residing in such areas. Moreover the interest rate of financing in rural areas should be kept low as in comparison to that financing in urban areas and moreover the time period should be increased. As we can see that previously Agriculture was one of the main sources of income of people but now the fact has changed. As people are migrating to urban areas in search of jobs where they could get more amount of money in order to fulfill their basic necessities. This is because we can consider due to changing weather conditions in India as production level has gone down due to less rain. Thus in order to encourage growing of agricultural products, the Government should take initiative in increasing the finance in order to cope up these different situations that the country is facing. Now the State Government of Uttar Pradesh has taken the initiative. As this year due to heavy rains in most parts of Uttar Pradesh, the crops were destroyed and moreover the farmers were at loss and thus even resulted in...
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...Richmond Sagoe TOPIC: Eliminating poverty in rural areas in Ghana THESIS STATEMENT: Rural poverty as an economic woe; eliminating poverty through agriculture and natural resource management, women empowerment, rural infrastructure and education. In Ghana, poverty is primarily rural, with the northern regions recording the highest incidence of poverty in the country (GSS, 2007). Low agriculture productivity, undeveloped markets and lack of gainful wage employment opportunities as well as restrictive access of the less endowed to productive resources have been identified as the major causes of poverty. Governmental policies hardly favour rural areas, leading to rural-urban migration. The number of job opportunities in these poor remote areas is limited and therefore, standard of living in rural areas is generally low. Farming activities which is taunted as the backbone of the economy is left to the old-aged to pursue since the youth sees farming as an activity for people who ‘have nothing to do’. Rural poverty as an economic woe; eliminating poverty through agriculture and natural resource management, women empowerment, rural infrastructure and education. According to the FAO (2015), the severity of the natural resource constraints facing the rural poor in Ghana requires that government focus a good number of projects on natural resource management. Many rural areas in Ghana have natural resources that are untapped. The majority of the rural poor are smallholder farmers, who are responsible...
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...INTRODUCTION Background Information The importance of agriculture in Kenya cannot be over-emphasized since it forms the backbone of the country’s economy. Agriculture contributes directly 26 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and another 25 per cent indirectly. It supplies the manufacturing sector with raw materials, generates tax revenue that helps to support the rest of the economy and accounts for 65 per cent of Kenya’s total exports. It also employs over 40 per cent of the total population, and, over 70 per cent of the rural population depends on agriculture for their livelihood. The agriculture sector plays an important role in Kenya’s economy (Government of Kenya, 2009), and has been identified as a key driver to achieve the...
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