...Competitive Algorithms for VWAP and Limit Order Trading Sham M. Kakade Michael Kearns Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania kakade@linc.cis.upenn.edu mkearns@cis.upenn.edu Yishay Mansour Luis E. Ortiz Computer Science Tel Aviv University Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania mansour@post.tau.ac.il leortiz@linc.cis.upenn.edu ABSTRACT We introduce new online models for two important aspects of modern financial markets: Volume Weighted Average Price trading and limit order books. We provide an extensive study of competitive algorithms in these models and relate them to earlier online algorithms for stock trading. Categories and Subject Descriptors F.2 [Analysis of Algorithms and Problem Complexity]: Miscellaneous; J.4 [Social and Behavioral Sciences]: Economics General Terms Algorithms, Economics Keywords Online Trading, Competitive Analysis, VWAP 1. INTRODUCTION While popular images of Wall Street often depict swashbuckling traders boldly making large gambles on just their market intuitions, the vast majority of trading is actually considerably more technical and constrained. The constraints often derive from a complex combination of business, regulatory and institutional issues, and result in certain kinds of “standard” trading strategies or criteria that invite algorithmic analysis. One of the most common...
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...Strategy Contents Introduction 2 Aldi 3 Buyer's bargaining power: 4 Suppliers' bargaining power: 4 Threats of substitutes: 4 Threats of new entrants: 5 Recommendations 6 Bibliography 7 Introduction Retailers differentiate themselves from one and other, this terminates the consumer's perception of competing stores. This is promoted through the strategic development, the marketing‐oriented application of technology, and precise targeting of consumer demands. The author's Strategic Choice Grid indicates that, through insightful and innovative marketing, UK grocery retailers can avoid the stagnation threatened by saturation. Aldi Aldi started in 1946, when the Albrecht brothers took over their mother’s grocery store in Germany. According to (Ruddick, 2014) from the small provincial store, they built one of Germany’s biggest retailers, which is renowned for its low prices. Aldi arrived in the UK in 1990 and has opened over 500 stores and has over 9000 stores in 18 countries. Aldi’s product range specialises in their own brand, which are cheaper than well-known brand labels. This is because they can control their prices at its distribution level. Aldi does not only stock food products, they also stock items such as; underwear, toiletries and fishing equipment. Comparing Aldi to the four major supermarket chain retailers there is a stark difference to how they function to how Aldi functions. (Keynote, 2007) Illuminates that Aldi stocks around one thousand product...
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...FOUNDATION TO BUSINESS STRATEGY ALDI ALDI is one of the world’s leading grocery retailers with more than 7,000 stores across 70 countries. The company originates from Germany, where it was founded in 1913 as one of the first retailers to offer self-service. Since opening its first store in 1913, ALDI has established itself as a reputable retailer operating in international markets including Germany, Australia, UK, and the U.S. What distinguishes ALDI from its competitors is its pricing strategy without reducing the quality of its products. In fact, in some cases ALDI’s products are 30% cheaper than those offered by its competitors. ALDI can do this because the business operates so efficiently. ALDI has operated in the UK since 1990, and now has over 500 stores in the UK and Ireland employing in excess of 20,000 people. ALDI’S POLICIES: ALDI does not have a clear defined Vision and mission statements, however it has clearly defined policies based on which it could create its competitive position in the market. ALDI’S Policies are based on ‘What if a grocery store challenged the typical retail business model?’ALDI’s business model enables to provide the customers the highest quality products at the lowest possible prices. This value stems from the numerous efficiencies and innovations instituted at every level of ALDI’S operation. The following are the cost saving strategies that ALDI adopts: * Customers bring their own bags or buy our reusable bags to save money ...
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...A Case Study on Aldi I. Introduction The retail industry is a very competitive market. Organizations need to offer customers value for money. Customers want to pay for low priced but high quality products. With such hard competition it is necessary for organizations to know what their customers want. Aldi recognizes that its customers want value for money but do not want to compromise on quality. This case study will show how Aldi’s strategy led them to a competitive advantage. It will also show how Aldi provides quality products at reasonable costs. Aldi is a Germany-based hard discounter that has unique business practices. They use a lean approach to its business operations to offer its customers quality products at competitive prices. They concentrate on purchasing power; carrying only the most frequently purchased grocery and household items, of which most are ALDI select brands. As a result, they get the lowest prices from our suppliers and pass the savings on to the customers. They update operations eliminating every feature that increases cost and prices. II. Objectives and Scope Our group was given a task to do the case study analysis on Aldi. We need to find out how Aldi’s strategy leads to competitive advantage and how they achieve this strategy. We also need to find out whether Aldi’s low-cost strategy implies that they offer low quality products and why quality is important regardless of competitive strategy.For us to answer these questions, we will...
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...Strategic Analysis of ALDI Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2 2. Brief Background on Aldi 3 3. Market Identification of Aldi 4 4. Environmental Analysis 5 4.1 PESTEL Analysis 6 4.1.1 Political factors 6 4.1.2 Economical factors 6 4.1.3 Social and cultural factors 7 4.1.4 Technology factors 8 4.1.5 Environmental Factors 8 4.1.6 Legal factors 9 4.2 Key Trends affecting the industry 9 5. SWOT Analysis 10 5.1 Strengths 10 5.2 Weaknesses 11 5.2 SWOT Table 12 6. Identification and evaluation of the Strategies pursued by Aldi 13 6.1 Strategies implemented by ALDI 13 6.2 Critical Evaluation of the Strategies 14 7. Conclusion 16 8. References 16 1. Introduction Albrecht Discount Inc., globally known as Aldi, is a German based family owned global discount chain of supermarkets. Aldi constitutes of two independent groups, that are Aldi Nord (North) and Aldi Sud (South) legally and economically independent but family related (Aldi Sud Business, 2013). It is the market leader in the industry of international grocery retailing and owns and operates chain of discount grocery stores in Europe, Australia and United States. It’s stores retail and supply general merchandise and food including meat products, fresh meat, frozen and refrigerated foods, sweets and snacks, dairy and bakery products, beverages and pantry items in addition to home care and personal care products (Report Linker, 2013). In the present Aldi Inc.’s strategic...
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...* APP update for ALDI * ` * Executive Summary This report involves how information system solves the issues experienced by a leading global supermarket chain and how the proposed plan will be enforced its targets of capturing more market shares and increasing company’s profits. Firstly, our team will describe the main problems to be confronted by ALDI. Then the goals and objectives of the project will be clarified, and the crucial factor for business future development is also listed. The following sector offers a full view of the business case. Specifically, this part contains the reasons and motivations for exploiting the new project, and the business case organizer. Additionally, the relevant environment conditions are described from several aspects in detail. Meanwhile, the current situation and opportunities are analyzed via SWOT model. After that a detailed description of assumption and obstacles about present condition and future projects is shown. Next, we provide two feasible options for ALDI, and we adopts several elements and methods to weigh both options. Then a constructive and enforceable recommendation and opinion is given through previous analysis. Finally, the implementation strategy of project will be identified briefly. * 1. Introduction Nowadays, online shopping in brick-and-mortar stores is a common consumer practice. Mobile devices, especially smart phones, have become a key tool for web shoppers (Turban, Volonino and R. Wood...
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...Introduction ALDI is a German discount retail chain which has entered the grocery market in Australia since 2001. ALDI provide low prices but high quality groceries to consumers. Although there are two major retail grocery chains which are Woolworths and Coles in Australia, ALDI has becomes another force by its low price products. This critique will analyse both micro and macro marketing environment. It will then demonstrate the current marketing approach of ALDI in Australia and redesign its marketing mix by 7Ps. The last, it will outline several recommendations. 1 Marketing Environment Analysis – Micro Trends 1.1 Trend One: Competitors A firm need to provide more consumer satisfaction than its competitors if it desires to be successful. Therefore, marketers need to modify the market strategy for the target customers. Each company should consider its position and size which are compared to its competitors (Kotler & Armstrong, 2012, p. 92). ALDI, the German discount store chain, intended to enter Australia market in 2001, they have to attract Australian customers’ attention and encourage consumer to purchase products in ALDI (ALDI, 2013). There are two major competitors of ALDI, including Woolworths and Coles, they have been occupied the top of Australian retailers for few decades in Australia. In addition, Australian brands are lack the capability of competitive and Australia was a monopoly market until 2005 (Ritson, 2013, para. 6). For this reason, ALDI must have more...
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...Introduction ALDI is a German Based Discount Supermarket Chain. Albrecht Discount is the full form of ALDI. The Supermarket Chain consists of two main groups. ALDINORD and ALDI SUB. However both groups are independent in their operations and work within the specific market grounds. The individual groups were originally owned and managed by brothers Karl Albrecht and Theo Albrecht. The company has transformed from a small business to one of the most successful and valuable retail business chain with an annual estimated turnover of 53 billion Euros, over 9,000 stores in 18 countries and around 100,000 employees around the world. ALDI operations are mainly based on the limited Assortment Concept - The high quality range of goods sold in the store was initially limited to a basic selection of goods to be purchased in large quantity, sold at realistic prices and presented in simple way. At ALDI, everything from building shop, selecting suppliers, locations and selling goods, is done to make possible considerable savings with the discount always passed on to customers in the end price. ALDI have introduced Cart Rental System. Customer need to put one coin in the grocery Cart and gets back the coin when the Cart is returned. This mechanism will cut off the need to hire employees whose job is to retrieve the grocery cart. The grocery industry has been revolutionized with a unique business model by ALDI that enable them to provide the highest class product at the lowest prices. ALDI is also...
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...made by ALDI Stores 10 June 2014 1. Introduction ALDI Stores Australia welcomes the opportunity to make this submission to the Competition Policy Review (the Review). Since ALDI opened its first stores at Marrickville and Bankstown Airport in January 2001, our rapid growth has meant that an estimated 4.2 million people shop with us in an average four-week period 1. Our arrival in Australia has helped redefine the retail landscape, introducing a new and higher quality standard in private-label groceries. In focussing relentlessly on delivering exceptional quality products, matching that of the market leading brands but at prices significantly lower, ALDI provides a unique alternative to the Australian consumer. Our strong sales growth is testament to customers voting with their feet and embracing the very fact that we offer something different. Despite ALDI’s successful establishment in Australia over the last 13 years, the fact is that our expansion has been considerably slower than planned due to regulatory constraints. These take the form of rigid and overly-prescriptive land use planning and zoning rules at state and local government levels that have resulted in a chronic shortage of suitably zoned land for small format supermarkets in many built-up areas. The direct consequence of this significant barrier to expansion is that fewer Australians are able to benefit from the competition, lower prices and innovation that ALDI offers. ALDI has been consistently...
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...made by ALDI Stores 10 June 2014 1. Introduction ALDI Stores Australia welcomes the opportunity to make this submission to the Competition Policy Review (the Review). Since ALDI opened its first stores at Marrickville and Bankstown Airport in January 2001, our rapid growth has meant that an estimated 4.2 million people shop with us in an average four-week period 1. Our arrival in Australia has helped redefine the retail landscape, introducing a new and higher quality standard in private-label groceries. In focussing relentlessly on delivering exceptional quality products, matching that of the market leading brands but at prices significantly lower, ALDI provides a unique alternative to the Australian consumer. Our strong sales growth is testament to customers voting with their feet and embracing the very fact that we offer something different. Despite ALDI’s successful establishment in Australia over the last 13 years, the fact is that our expansion has been considerably slower than planned due to regulatory constraints. These take the form of rigid and overly-prescriptive land use planning and zoning rules at state and local government levels that have resulted in a chronic shortage of suitably zoned land for small format supermarkets in many built-up areas. The direct consequence of this significant barrier to expansion is that fewer Australians are able to benefit from the competition, lower prices and innovation that ALDI offers. ALDI has been consistently...
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...Table of Contents 1.0 Marketing environment analysis-Micro trends……………………….2 1.1 Competitors……………………………………………………………………3 1.2 Customers………………………………………………………………………4 2.0 Marketing environment analysis-Macro trends………………………5 2.1 Demographic………………………………………………………………....5 2.2 Technological…………………….……………………………………………5 3.0 Marketing Mix-Evaluation and Critique……………………………………6 3.1 Overview of current marketing approach……………………….6 3.2 Evaluation of Effectiveness……………………………………………..6 4.0 Marketing Mix-Redesign…………………………………………………………7 4.1 Product…………………………………………………………………………..7 4.2 Price……………………………………………………………………………....7 4.3 Place……………………………………………………………………………....8 4.4 Promotion………………………………………………………………….…..8 4.5 Physical evidence……………………………………………………………8 4.6 Processes……………………………………………………………………..…9 4.7 People……………………………………………………………………….……9 5.0 Recommendations…………………………………………………………………10 5.1 Recommendation one…………………………………………………..10 5.2 Recommendation two…………………………………………………..10 Reference List In this day and age, business is a vital element in modern society. Marketing plays an important position in business strategic. The aim of marketing is to create value for customer and capture value from customer in return (Kotler & Armstrong, 2012, p.26).The first foundation stone was laid in 1913 with the opening of a small food store in the German town of Essen. It didn't take long for this little 'service store' to become a popular place to shop. In 1954, a celebration was held...
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...irrelevant concepts, theory or arguments; * well argued the, i.e. it is easy to follow the logic of the arguments and to see which assumptions they are based upon; * complete, i.e. they do not omit important components; * correct, i.e. the answer addresses the task set in the question and the answer contains no errors; and * well written, i.e. the answers are appropriately structured, clearly expressed and grammatically correct. You should use additional references to the reading provided so far in the unit. The reference list does not count towards the word limit. On iLearn you can find the Aldi case. This assignment, as well as the group assignment, is based on this case. It is also advisable to consult the marking criteria on iLearn. Question 1 The information in the case (Aldi) is not sufficient for making an informed and complete industry analysis based on Porter’s...
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...The Strategic Evaluation of Lidl’s within the UK Market. Submission Date: 26 January 2014 Contents Introduction 3 1. Analysis of the competition faced by Lidl within the UK food retail industry 4 2. The Strategic position of Lidl 5 2.1 Porter’s Generic Strategies 5 2.2 Bowman’s Strategic Clock 6 3. An analysis of the external business environment and how it affects Lidl 7 3.1 PEST Analysis 7 3.1.1 Political 8 3.1.2 Economic 8 3.1.3 Social 8 3.1.4 Technological 8 3.2 Porter’s Five forces Model 9 3.2.1 Threat of New Entrants 10 3.2.2 Threat of Substitutes 10 3.2.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 10 3.2.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers 10 3.2.5 Competitive Rivalry within the Industry 10 4. How Lidl adds value to its strategic position 11 5. The sustainability of Lidl’s strategic position 13 6. Conclusion 13 7. Bibliography 14 Introduction The purpose of this report is to carry out a strategic evaluation of the hard discount food retailer Lidl. It will cover the following key items • An analysis of the competition within the food retail industry and the strategic position of Lidl; • An analysis of the external business environment and how it affects Lidl; • An analysis of how Lidl adds value to its strategic position; This will allow for a discussion of how sustainable Lidl’s strategic position is and conclude where Lidl is likely to progress within the UK grocery sector. Research from on-line literature, books and journals...
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...TITLE: INDIVIDUAL CASE ANALYSIS NAME: DENIS MONEGHETTI (2661864) UNIT CODE: 2010, TP1: BUMGT 5926 UNIT NAME: STRATEGY AND MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE TUTOR: DR. ABDUL MOYEEN WORKSHOPS: WEDNESDAY 1730HRS – 2030HRS DATE SUBMITTED: FRIDAY 19 MARCH 2010 ALDI IN AUSTRALIA INTRODUCTION Since opening its first Australian store in 2001 Aldi has expanded considerably in the supermarket area by taking a healthy percentage of the retail grocery market. It currently has over 200 stores in Australia and is now be approaching 10% of the market (Aldi, 2010). It has a unique business strategy and should continue to have an impact in the Australian market. This paper explores its current and future business strategy and potential expansion into other States and Territories. CURRENT BUSINESS STRATEGY According to Hill, Jones, Galvin and Haidar (2007) competitive advantage is “when a company is able to outperform its rivals, as commonly measured by the attainment of profits above the industry norm”(p. 96). This can be more simply stated as ‘keeping one step ahead of the rest’. Critical to this is creating customer and company value. A successful company will create a business strategy based on its strengths to provide competitive advantage. This is demonstrated. Hill, Jones, Galvin and Haidar (2007) In the case of Aldi, competitive advantage is obtained predominately through radical efficiencies without compromising...
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...plan is a guide or a road map for the buying department that outlines goals and details of how the department will achieve those goals (BusinessDictionary.com). Following the immediate challenge for the ‘Like Brands’ by Aldi to increase its market share for the from 2.3% to 2.5% and encouraging customer loyalty, the department has come up with a well detailed buying plan that will help Aldi to achieve its goals. The plan constitutes the following: * Situational analysis * Objectives of the plan * Need recognition * Information search * Purchase specifications * Supplier sourcing * Tendering * Supplier selection * Cost minimisation strategies * Awarding of contracts * Contract close out 2.0 Situational analysis It is the process of identifying and evaluating existing internal and external elements that may impact an organization's ability to achieve its objectives. A situational analysis also includes a SWOT analysis which is an assessment of the organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (http://www.investorwords.com). A situational analysis is a critical review of Aldi’s current business situation. It serves as a starting point for our buying plan. Aldi’s current situation is as follows: Aldi is a retailer it is in the business of selling retail products and it has been in the retail business since 1913. Aldi’s products are sourced from hand-picked suppliers whose products are sold...
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