...The Indigenous Australian population consists of people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent. Prior to European settlement in 1788, Australia was occupied by over 750, 000 Indigenous Australians who spoke 700 languages between them. However, the number of Indigenous people in Australia has transformed since the devastating impact the European settlers had on Australia’s indigenous Australians. They were exposed to new diseases and violent conflicts resulting in a significant number of deaths. Consequently, today Indigenous Australians make up only 2% of the entire Australian population. In 1788, the European colonists settled into Australia as James Cook enforced the doctrine of terra nullius because he believed that it was, ‘no one’s land’ during his journey around Australia in 1770. The cultures of the Indigenous Australians have changed over the past 227 years, as the European colonists of Australia caused very prompt changes to the Aboriginal society and the ways in which they lived. Whilst a number of alterations have been made to the Australian Legal System for the benefit of the Indigenous Australians, they continue to fight to have their rights documented and acknowledged by the Government and the people of Australia. This paper will evaluate the arguments for and against whether the government of Australia has made alterations with the Australian Legal System for the benefit of Indigenous Australians. Against the Australian government effectively...
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...Chapter I Introduction Trade in drugs of abuse such as cocaine, heroin and amphetamines has long been a frustrating feature of the international scene. After attempting for years to combat the drug trade on an individual or bilateral bases, nations have belatedly come to realize that coordinated international action is the only effective way to restrain the trade and, in addition, that social and other broad action is the only means to reduce incentives to participate it. A. Background of the Study Drug is, in the broadest of terms, a chemical substance that has known biological effects on humans or other animals. Foods are generally excluded from this definition, in spite of their physiological effects on animal species. In pharmacology, a drug is “a chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being. Pharmaceutical drugs may be used for a limited duration, or on a regular basis for chronic disorders. Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that affect the function of the nervous system, altering perception, mood or consciousness. Alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine are the most widely consumed psychoactive drugs worldwide. Recreational drugs are drugs that are not used for medical purpose, but are instead used for pleasure. Common recreational drugs include alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine, as well as other substances such as opiates and amphetamines. Some drugs can cause addiction...
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...government on asylum seekers. I hope my speech will keep you on the edge of your seats. Hopefully that will be because you're interested, not because you're trying to get up the nerve to leave. Australia has failed in its duty to comply with international law. Our leaders in government have ignored the basic human rights of some of the most disadvantaged people on this planet. For how much longer will we turn a blind eye and do nothing about this serious issue? Do you know what it feels like to be kicked out from your beloved land and make a journey of over 11,000 kilometres to find out you will be rejected and sent to camps for torture? Australia has a dark past; haunted by racist reform and the notorious dictation test. Since then Australia has been making strides in making a safe and multicultural society. The idea one human being’s life is less valuable than another based on colour is one far too primitive for our modern Australia. And yet the hundreds of displaced people seeking refuge in our great country are thought of as little more than...
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...Animal cruelty Recently a series of cat-abused cases had infuriated all walks of lives in Hong Kong. Actually the cases of animal abuse are rising unceasingly in these years. The former chief of Health and Food Bureau Dr. York Chow Yat-ngok(2011) claimed that it had received 534 complaints related to animal abuse in 2011,which was the three times of the 187 cases in 2008. There are three major causes lead to animal abuse. Firstly, it may relate to the broken childhood of abusers. According to an article, a former animal abuser, who killed three dogs when he was young, said the roaring of dogs always scared him when he was still a child. Therefore, when he grows up, he showed hatred towards dogs. A foreign psychologist revealed that a large part of animal abusers had the experience of suffering from domestic violence in their childhood. The hatred make them become abusive to others especially defenseless animals in their later lives. Secondly, there are too many stray animals in Hong Kong. Some volunteers feed stray animals regularly. Street animals then always gather on the street and lead to hygiene problems and aroused discontent of citizens. Thirdly, some immature teens abuse animals just for fun. It seems to be a trend recently that record the process of abusing animals and then put the clip on YouTube, and gaining the sense of pride by accumulating the clicks. To make it clear, before searching the solution of relieving the animal abuse problem, we need...
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...decreasing transaction costs. Why is it relevant? The contract of sale is the backbone of international trade in all countries, irrespective of their legal tradition or level of economic development. The CISG is therefore considered one of the core international trade law conventions whose universal adoption is desirable. The CISG is the result of a legislative effort that started at the beginning of the twentieth century. The resulting text provides a careful balance between the interests of the buyer and of the seller. It has also inspired contract law reform at the national level. The adoption of the CISG provides modern, uniform legislation for the international sale of goods that would apply whenever contracts for the sale of goods are concluded between parties with a place of business in Contracting States. In these cases, the CISG would apply directly, avoiding recourse to rules of private international law to determine the law applicable to the contract, adding significantly to the certainty and predictability of international sales contracts. Moreover, the CISG may apply to a contract for international sale of goods when the rules of private international law point at the law of a Contracting State as the applicable one, or by virtue of the choice of the contractual parties, regardless of whether their places of business are located in a Contracting State. In this latter case, the CISG provides a neutral body of rules that can be easily accepted...
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...Austria c Camden BRI Food and Drink Research and Services, United Kingdom b a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t This article examines the development of the Chinese dairy sector since 2000 and investigates how this has affected food safety. The ongoing problems caused by melamine contamination are linked to the rapid and unregulated development of this sector. Currently, China is faced with demands – both from home and abroad – to improve its food safety record. This will necessitate it upgrades its regulatory framework to meet the standards of Codex Alimentarius and the EU. A serious restructuring of the dairy sector as well as of the public food safety control agencies is called for. The costs and benefits to be accrued by these reforms are the subject of this article. Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Article history: Received 16 February 2010 Received in revised form 20 January 2011 Accepted 3 March 2011 Available online 8 April 2011 Keywords: Safety Melamine Dairy China EU Regulations Introduction Fewer than three years ago, melamine was a term known only to chemists. This changed almost overnight in 2006 when the pet food scare broke out. In 2008, the much more serious milk powder contamination scandal followed. Since then it has been known that melamine can lead to serious or even fatal renal and kidney failure under specific conditions and for specific forms of...
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.................................................................................... 6 2. Trade in Goods ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Bilateral Trade between Australia and China .............................................................................. 7 2.2 South Australian Trade with China .............................................................................................. 8 2.2.1 Disaggregated Analysis of South Australian Trade with China ........................................... 8 2.2.2 South Australia’s trade and comparative advantage ........................................................... 9 2.2.2.1 South Australia’s Revealed Comparative Advantage in comparison to other States and Territories .......................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.3 Disaggregated Analysis of Key Agricultural Products ....................................................... 18 2.2.2.4 Possible Impacts of ChAFTA Commitments on Agriculture for South Australia ............... 20 2.2.2.5 3 Disaggregated Analysis of Key Non-agricultural Goods ................................................... 14 Wine Sector .....................................................................................................................
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...CAVE HILL SCHOOL OF BUSINESS UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES GEMA 6103—LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF BUSINESS, GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY Individual Project Consideration of and the Legal & Societal Challenges raised by same sex unions Date: July 12th, 2012 Page count: 18 Word Count: 3277 PREPARED BY: OLIVER NICHOLAS TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 3 Background Facts 4 Business, Government and Society &/Legal Issues Identified 5 Presentation of Analysis and/or Literature Review 8 Literature Review 7 Discussion of Findings 14 Recommendations/Solutions 15 Conclusion 17 Bibliography 18 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This research paper will provide a critical analysis on the legal and social challenges raised by the legalization of same sex unions/marriages in the Caribbean, specifically Barbados. Several social issues as well as legal constraints and considerations were identified during the research. The paper presents arguments for both the retention of criminalization as well as arguments for the de-criminalization of homosexuality, the first step towards legalizing same sex unions/marriages. The findings, as presented provide the reader with alternative views and arguments; the conservative moral religious argument is presented as well as the more liberal human rights motivated arguments. This will provide the reader with more information supported by sound argument, allowing...
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...Alternative Dispute Resolution Name: Institution Affiliation: Introduction Alternative dispute resolution is a method for settling parties' disagreements outside of court's antagonistic setting. Today, ADRs are greatly compelling to the point that courts frequently oblige parties to seek after this plan B before disputing their cases. Both arbitration and mediation may be court-requested. Settling one's dispute through components outside to the court structure may spare one time and cash. In the last twenty-five years, since Australia held onto multiculturalism as an approach, issues of intercultural correspondence have ended up more noticeable in the working environment. On the other hand, until as of late, little had been composed on these issues, and even now, numerous authoritative managers have no preparation. They as well have no learning of how to manage correspondence problems, despite the fact that most workplaces are staffed by individuals of diverse cultures. The report examines these three issue areas and shows that a considerable lot of the difficulties confronted by migrants in the workforce are caused by the absence of awareness of, and preparing in, intercultural correspondence. Why clients should be encouraged to use ADR and Implications Clients ought to be encouraged to make use of these alternative methods for solving conflicts for a number of reasons. ADR can permit access to justice. Case in point, as there can be cost and...
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...RESEARCH TOPICS: Law + Statistics + Services + Reform RESEARCH TOPICS: Law + Statistics + Services + Reform 08 Fall 08 Fall RESEARCH – EMILY RUSSELL 1. DEFINITION OF MARRIAGE - MARRIAGE ACT 1961 (Cth) (s 5); Hyde v Hyde; s 43(a) FLA) * 4 ELEMENTS: Marriage means the union of a man and a woman to the exclusion of all others voluntarily entered into for life * Men and women… without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion have a right to marry and found a family…entitled to equal rights…(Article 16; UDoHR) 2. RESTRICTIONS AS TO MARRIAGE * S 88E – Cannot marry overseas (same sex) and return and legally register marriage (Marriage Act) 3. ELEMENTS OF MARRIAGE * Dwelling under the same roof, sex, mutual society and protection, recognition of marriage in public and private relationships (Todd and Todd) 1. ONE and ONE woman – monogamous mature (serial polygamy is permitted – remarriage after a former marriage has been dissolved) i. S 6 FLA – Polygamous relationships entered outside of Australia, shall be deemed to be a marriage when changing domicile to Australia 2. HETEROSEXUAL (Corbett v Corbett) 3. FOR LIFE 4. VOLUNTARILY ENTERED INTO 4. LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF MARRIAGE * Entitled to certain rights and owe legal responsibilities a) DETERMINE “TRUE SEX” i) CORBETT AND CORBETT a. Chromosomal:...
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...Nesom (1907). In 1910, the Bureau, under the supervision of the Department of Public Instruction, was headed by Frederick Taylor (1911-1914) and Harry Edwards (1914-1916). After Edwards, the helm of the bureau was again given to a Filipino, Adriano Hernandez who himself was a practicing farmer. In 1917, the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources (DANR) took over the functions of the bureau and was led by Secretaries Galicano Apacible (1917-1921), Rafael Corpuz (1921-1923), and Silvestre Apostol (1923-1928). During the administration of Secretary Rafael Alunan, Sr. (1928-1932), the DANR became the Department of Agriculture and Commerce. The Bureau of Agriculture was split into two bureaus, the Plant Industry and the Animal Industry. The following year, the Fish and Game Administration and the Fiber Inspection Service were established under the leadership of Secretary Vicente Singson Encarnacion (1933-1934). From 1934-1938, Eulogio Rodriguez, Sr. was appointed Secretary and was replaced by Secretary Benigno S. Aquino, Sr. until 1941. During Aquino’s term, the Fish and Game Administration was restructured and the Division of Soil Survey was created....
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...bill of rights. Australia is the only western democracy without a federal bill of rights. The debate regarding the need for a bill of rights necessitates an understanding of what human rights the people of Australia already enjoy. If sufficient protection can be found in existing sources, does Australia really need a federal bill of rights? Opponents of a bill of rights state that we have sufficient protection from arbitrary government intervention in our personal affairs and thus a bill of rights is unnecessary. There are a number of potential sources of human rights in Australia that might provide the suggested existing protection, including the common law, specific domestic legislation, international law and constitutional law. Each of these sources of human rights has, however, important limitations. The focus of this article is on the inadequacy of the Australian constitutions as a source of purported protection. This in turn suggests that an alternative source of rights is needed – a federal bill of rights? In the course of this analysis the author makes suggestions for reform; specifically how a federal bill of rights may address the paucity of constitutional protection. I INTRODUCTION Unlike the constitutions of many nations, such as the United States of America and the Republic of South Africa, the constitutions of the Australian States and Territories and the Commonwealth Constitution Act 1901 (UK) * Associate Professor, School of Law, Deakin University...
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...Introduction Paper has become a major product which is used widely in the modern society. Not only used obviouslyby the publishing industry, paper is also involved in specific product manufacturing like tissue, cardboard, etc. Pulp wood plays a significant role as a fundamental raw material. Back in the last decade, Indonesia as the largest pulp and paper producer in South-East Asia ran this industry based on its 141.4 million hectares tropical rainforest covering. However, serious deforestation has occurred due to the over-development of the paper and pulp industry. More and more rare species of animals and plants are becoming extinct, not to mention global warming, water loss and soil erosion. This report will discuss the said deforestation and its effects on Indonesian environment and its community, and also focus on analyzing the role of various sectors, namely thepaper and pulp product buyers, environmental non-government organizations and the Indonesian government,within the paper and pulp industry. Asia Paper & Pulp Group(APP) and Asia Pacific Resources International Limited (APRIL) are used as examples of the paper and pulp manufacturers. The report will be concluded by providing recommendations regarding the issue. Indonesia overview Indonesia maintains the highest rate of illegal logging among other countries, up to 60% of timber production. Corruption has been a prevalent issue in Indonesia, and was even worse after the end of the Suharto government...
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...Annual Report 2008-09 Productivity Commission Annual Report Series © COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA 2009 ISSN ISBN 978-1-74037-286-2 1035-5243 This work is subject to copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, the work may be reproduced in whole or in part for study or training purposes, subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source. Reproduction for commercial use or sale requires prior written permission from the Attorney-General’s Department. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Commonwealth Copyright Administration, Attorney-General’s Department, Robert Garran Offices, National Circuit, Canberra ACT 2600. This publication is available in hard copy or PDF format from the Productivity Commission website at www.pc.gov.au. If you require part or all of this publication in a different format, please contact Media and Publications (see below). Publications Inquiries: Media and Publications Productivity Commission Locked Bag 2 Collins Street East Melbourne VIC 8003 Tel: Fax: Email: (03) 9653 2244 (03) 9653 2303 maps@pc.gov.au General Inquiries: Tel: (03) 9653 2100 or (02) 6240 3200 An appropriate citation for this paper is: Productivity Commission 2009, Annual Report 2008-09, Annual Report Series, Productivity Commission, Canberra JEL code: D The Productivity Commission The Productivity Commission, is the Australian Government’s independent research and advisory body on a range...
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...<p style="position: absolute; top: -999em;"><img src="//sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/bbc/s?name=news.world.europe.story.32428500.page&cps_asset_id=32428500&page_type=Story&section=%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope&first_pub=2015-04-23T08%3A23%3A41%2B00%3A00&last_editorial_update=2015-05-18T17%3A17%3A27%2B00%3A00&title=Mediterranean+migrants+crisis%3A+Is+military+force+the+solution%3F&for_nation=in&app_version=1.77.0&pal_route=asset&ml_name=barlesque&app_type=responsive&language=en-GB&ml_version=0.26.31&pal_webapp=tabloid&prod_name=news&app_name=news&blq_js_enabled=0&blq_s=4d&blq_r=2.7&blq_v=default&blq_e=pal " height="1" width="1" alt=""/></p> Accessibility links * Skip to content * Accessibility Help Sign in BBC navigation * News * Sport * Weather * Shop * Earth * Travel * Capital * Culture * Autos * Future * TV * Radio * CBBC * CBeebies * WW1 * Food * iWonder * Bitesize * Music * Nature * Local * More ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Search the BBC Bottom of Form More * News * Sport * Weather * Shop * Earth * Travel * Capital * Culture * Autos * Future * TV * Radio * CBBC * CBeebies * WW1 * Food * iWonder ...
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