Free Essay

Ant Social Systems

In:

Submitted By khindman
Words 1336
Pages 6
Ant Social Systems

Ant Social Systems
The social structure of ants is a very complex and interesting one. They live together in underground colonies where they divide labor amongst each individual and work as a cohesive unit. “Scientists estimate that there are about 20,000 different ant species roaming the Earth today (Binns, 2006).” While each species is unique in looks, habitat and food intake, they all share a unified behavior. Of all social insects ants are amongst the highest developed, their families or colonies are divided up into a defined caste system which consists of the queen ant, worker ants and drones. Further investigation into the fascinating life of these little creatures shows how they care for the young, reproduce, and benefit from generation overlap while maintaining very complex living quarters.

Containment Structures

With such intricate social systems it only makes sense that their homes are just as complex. Ants reside underground, in city like structures, where a series of tunnels are the highways that connect rooms or chambers together. These chambers serve many different purposes. They are nurseries for the eggs to hatch and larvae to develop, they are places to store all the food that has been foraged and they can serve as a place to mate safely, allowing for the queen to have a chamber of her own. These impressive intricate structures are created and maintained solely by the female worker ants. They make these tunnels and chambers by digging and carrying out clumps of dirt with their mandibles which are taken to the surface. This in turn creates the very recognizable ant hills that we see (Howstuffworks, 2008). These impressive underground metropolises can at times be very small or they can be very large, reaching miles in width and depth. The ant, on average, moves more dirt or soil than any other living organism.

Division of labor With colonies being potentially so large, in order for it to work properly, there must be some sort of order and hierarchy in place. The caste system ensures that each ant has a place and duty to perform. These roles are not randomly given out; they are assigned based on genetics. The queen has wings and is larger than workers; though after she mates she loses her wings. The drones are fertile males that have wings also but their wings are permanent. The largest group in numbers is made up of different types of workers (Jolons Ant Kingdom, 2008). The queen’s job is simple; she mates and lays eggs her whole life. She is the mother of all the ants in her colony though she has very little authority, the term queen, therefore, can be misleading. The workers feed her and protect her at all cost however. The colony looks to her for their expansion and development. The survival and success of the colony is really her responsibility (Jolons Ant Kingdom, 2008). The drones, or fertile male ants, have no real function in the colony. They do not help the colony with building or protection and are the smallest of all the castes. Their sole purpose is to mate with a queen, during a mating flight, so that she can produce eggs. These ants are the result of unfertilized eggs which are laid by the queen and after mating they do not live very long (Jolons Ant Kingdom, 2008). The worker caste however is the most active, productive and vital for the success of the colony. While the queen provides the numbers, the workers are the ones that care for and ensure the eggs hatch. The worker’s job does not end at caring for the young. These ants are responsible for building and excavating the nest, foraging for food, defending the colony and caring for the queen. The different duties of the workers are based solely on their stage in life. Young workers care for the queen and the young but as they grow they start doing the other duties like foraging or defending (Jolons Ant Kingdom, 2008).
Generation overlap With the fact that different aged workers do different tasks the ant colony needs to have several generations going at the same time in order to make sure all tasks are completed. The majority of colonies have at least two generations overlapping at any given time. Over lapping generations serves several purposes. Firstly the older generations help ensure the younger generations are successful and with several generations going at the same time the colony can ensure that the young is cared for, foraging is ongoing and the colony is well protected.
Reproduction
Ant reproduction is a very interesting subject and can happen one of two ways, either by male aggregation or female calling (The University of Arizona, 2002). Either tends to be just as successful as the other. Various environmental triggers start the male aggregation. This is where the drones and the unfertilized queens fly up into the air and form a swarm, referred to as a nuptial flight. The queens are fertilized in mid-air then fly off to find a suitable place to start her colony. Once the queen finds a place she sheds her wings and starts building a nest so she can start laying eggs (The University of Arizona, 2002). After breeding the male dies within a few days. In female calling the young queens of numerous colonies surface, then release pheromones which attract the male ants. In this form of reproduction, insemination can happen in various ways depending on the species of ant. In some species the queen is fertilized while staying on the ground, she then flies off to start a colony on her own. In other species breeding is more of a dramatic event with a group of males swarming close to the ground to encase the queen in a ball like formation until she is fertilized. She will then break free of the swarm and fly off to start a nest.
Care of young Once the queen has bred and found a spot to start her family she will lay eggs. Once the eggs hatch and turn into larvae she cares for them. After several molts they turn into pupa and then to adult ants. The queen only cares for the first generation of her colony, afterwards that generation will always care for the next upcoming generation. When eggs are laid worker ants will remove them from the queen’s chamber and take them to the chamber that is used as the nursery, here the workers will care for them and groom them until they hatch (Howstuffworks, 2008). After they hatch more worker ants will move the larvae to a different chamber where they “feed them various pieces of other arthropods (Elzinga, 2004).” Once the larvae are well fed they will either spin a cocoon or be covered in a thin layer of skin where they will transform into an adult ant and the cycle begins again (Howstuffworks, 2008).

Ants are one of the most interesting and successful groups of living organisms in the world. This is due to their altruistic behavior and ability to coexist and divide workloads perfectly. They work together for one common goal and that is the success and survival of the colony. As the research shows Ants live in eusocial societies, each individual ant has a purpose and a duty to perform which they do flawlessly and without hesitation. Ants may be small but they work together so well that they function as one large entity.

References
Binns, C. (2006). Why Ants Rule the World. Retrieved from http://www.livescience.com/747-ants-rule-world.html
Elzinga, R.J. (2004). Fundamentals of entomology (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall
Howstuffworks. (2008). Ant. Retrieved from http://animals.howstuffworks.com/insects/ant-info3.htm
Jolons Ant Kingdom. (2008). Ant Castes. Retrieved from http://antkingdom.webs.com/antcaste.htm
The University of Arizona. (2002). The Behavior of Ants. Retrieved from http://biology.arizona.edu/sciconn/lessons2/shindelman/background.html

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Itm501

... In review of my position on information overload, there would be no such overload if avenues such as the various social media outlets, informative readings with little or no credibility, and networking forums with no proven success records were not so heavily relied upon within organizations. The course background readings shed light on how social media is hindering the notions of the Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom. Data is defined as unprocessed information, while information is data that has had a chance to be processed, and finally knowledge and wisdom is something that can be reflected upon (Green, P. 2010). If you are constructively processing the data that you are receiving you will be come a learning organization, possessing the attributes of knowledge and wisdom. A learning organization will be taught through experience or simply stated trial and error. Learning will maximize innovation, effectiveness, and performance, and this knowledge should be spread throughout the organization creating a very reliable, proven, and stable structure. From a personal perspective if your organizations structure is designed to support and manage information there should be no overload. There are endless consequences to information overload, especially when the overload is at the hands of social media technologies. Most of the technologies were designed with the expectations set on bringing exceptional improvements to productivity within...

Words: 899 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Better Solutions for Information Overload

...years ago in Omaha, Nebraska. The company’s business model was to show potential clients that outsourcing their finance, IT and HR department’s data systems with their firm could save them tremendously short and long term. The company invested millions of dollars into state-of-the-art data storage facilities that housed numerous amounts of data. These storage facilities could withstand everything mother nature could through at it. In 1998, this was a great business model, considering the millennium bug or Y2K problem was the hot IT issue. At the same time, I thought it was a strike contrast that a small, up and coming IT company would neglect internal issues that would impede their employees from making the company competitive. The company decided to implement an internal website or intranet as the focal point for retrieving data. The company’s intranet had an abundance of information that was injected with data from a barrage of sources. According to a 2009 report by Watson Wyatt, “only 50% of employees accessed the intranet on a daily basis; 80% said their company’s system needed improvement; and 50% said searching on their intranet was too difficult” (Nasiri, 2009). Based on my past experiences, I think organizations are likely to find better solutions to information overload through changes to their technical systems. As a Marketing Specialist, my main goal was to market the company products in a way that would make every organization want to do business with us,...

Words: 1261 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Organism Physiology Paper

...Organism Physiology Paper: Pavement Ants Amanda James Bio/101- Principles of Biology March 19, 2016 Organism Physiology Paper: Pavement Ants Introduction We never think about how vital ants are to our environment, perhaps because of their size and their inevitable way of making our homes theirs. The reality is we need ants to survive. The most common species of ants that live near me, Richmond Virginia, are the Tetramorium caespitum. The common name for Tetramorium caespitum is the pavement ant. Tetramorium is the genus and the species is T. caespitum. According to “BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF THE PAVEMENT ANT, TETRAMORIUM CAESPITUM (L.), IN SOUTHEASTERN WASHINGTON (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE: MYRMICINAE)” the pavement ant is the most common ant in North America (1980). These ants, as well as all ants have important roles detrimental to human existence and the environment they live in play a major part in how well they can perform those roles. Environment Description and Role of Organism Pavement ants live under rocks, sidewalks, pavement, inside houses and inside wood. They don’t build their homes in the open. So when you see the ant nests above ground, those ants are not pavement ants. The pavement ant keeps its home hidden from the human eye. The only time you may see their nest is in the summer months and they are usually seen near the sidewalk in cracks and crevices (Jacobs, 2000). These ants are very territorial! They are fighters and they...

Words: 1166 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Mhu Degree Plan

...Medical Humanities—Pre-Medicine concentration elective course list 15 semester credit elective hours in social and behavioral sciences, 9 of which must be upper-division, and 3 from the *core curriculum, chosen from the following: ANT 2033 Introduction to Physical Anthropology *ANT 2053 Cultural Anthropology (fulfills 080 Social and Behavioral Science) *ANT 2063 Language, Thought, and Culture (fulfills 090 Component Area Option) ANT 3513 The Human Skeleton ANT 3523 Medical Anthropology ANT 3883 Death and Dying BIO 1033 Drugs and Society BIO 3613 The Biology of Aging GRG 3443 Medical Geography *HTH 2413 Introduction to Community and Public Health (fulfills 080 Social and Behavioral Science or 090 Component Area Option) *HTH 2513 Personal Health (fulfills 080 Social and Behavioral Science or 090 Component Area Option) PSY 2073 Statistics for Psychology PSY 3023 Social Psychology of Small Groups PSY 3513 Developmental Psychopathology PSY 3523 Psychology of Adulthood and Aging PSY 3543 Introduction to Clinical Psychology PSY 4253 Psychology and Health SOC 1043 Introduction to Public Health *SOC 2023 Social Context of Drug Use (fulfills 080 Social Behavioral Science or 090 Component Area Option) SOC 3203 Gerontology SOC 3213 Medical Sociology SOC 4043 Global Health SOC 4053 Health Care Systems SOC 4073 Social and Behavioral Theories in Public Health SOC 4683 Health Disparities 15 additional semester credit elective hours in arts and...

Words: 415 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Ant Colony Optimisation

...Ant Colony Optimization 1 A Seminar Report on “Ant Colony Optimization” A Seminar submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY In COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING Presented By Ranjith Kumar A (06J11A0534) Department of computer science engineering HITECH COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad) Himayathnagar, C.B.Post, Moinabad, Hyderabad-5000 2 075. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Seminar Report on “Ant Colony Optimization”, is a bonafide Seminar work done by Ranjith Kumar A (06J11A0534), in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree Bachelor of Technology in “Computer Science engineering” J.N.T.U Hyderabad during the year 2010. Y.V.S Pragathi M.Tech Head of CSE Department 3 Abstract Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) has been successfully applied to those combinatorial optimization problems which can be translated into a graph exploration. Artificial ants build solutions step by step adding solution components that are represented by graph nodes. The existing ACO algorithms are suitable when the graph is not very large (thousands of nodes) but is not useful when the graph size can be a challenge for the computer memory and cannot be completely generated or stored in it. In this paper we study a new ACO model that overcomes the difficulties found when working with a huge construction graph. In addition to the description...

Words: 5585 - Pages: 23

Free Essay

Actor Network Theory

... 15-19). Wollongong, Australia: THEORI. http://eurekaconnection.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/p-15-19-actor-network-theorytheori-ebook_finaljan2014-v3.pdf Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: research-pubs@uow.edu.au Actor Network Theory Abstract Actor-Network Theory (ANT) emerged from science and technology studies, though it was inspired by grounded theory and semiotics. In the 1970s, Bruno Latour (a French anthropologist and social scientist) and Steve Woolgar (a British sociologist) undertook ethnographic field work at the Salk Institute in California. This research was inspired by grounded theory and Latour and Woolgar approached their study of work in the endocrinology laboratory as if they were anthropologists observing a hitherto unknown and strange set of practices. In other words, they did not fit their observations into any preconceived notions of scientific method, or how science 'should' be done. The resulting, highly influential book Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts(1979, re-released in 1986 with additional commentary) gave a detailed account of the everyday activities of scientists. Latour and Woolgar highlighted the importance of material objects in the construction of scientific facts - rats, mice, machines, chemicals, traces of paper coming out of machines (raw data) and documents and drawings that were eventually...

Words: 3366 - Pages: 14

Premium Essay

Film

...a movie in which power, conformity and social inequality played a part in the very unfolding of its plot, characterization and theme. It was a movie that had much to say about power and social inequality. And these comments were made primarily through the hero of the movie – Z. If one were to look closer at the way in which “Antz” stands out as a movie comprising of many social scenes that sustain a pre-occupation with these issues, one would find that these issues are seen through its main characters or “Social actors” The values and selfish priorities of General Mandible who is tyrannical in wielding his power towards his own interests which is to “cleanse” the ant colony of weak ants, demonstrated the concept of” social connections and interests” in which social actors for example Mandible, work towards their own interests which favour outcomes based on self-driven motives which would advance his own personal interests even at cost and detriment to the bigger whole of society. The movie “Antz” showed the manner in which Mandible sought to further his interests with an almost diplomatic approach to those he tactfully managed to control. He knew that impressing favorably to the extent of winning the Queen’s consent to marry the Princess and remaining in the Queen’s good books would thereby exert control over strategic resources which would help him achieve his goals. Even Cutter’s name was used by Mandible to inject terror in the ants at the beginning of the movie. The Queen...

Words: 1323 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

A Bug’s Life Through the Lens of Karl Marx

...capitalism, the working class, and the revolutions create problems in our society. My paper will analyze how Marxian theory and concepts fit into major climactic scenes of the film. The film revolves around the protagonist Filk, a worker ant. The colony is being oppressed by a group of grasshoppers and their leader Hopper. The grasshoppers claim they will provide protection as long as the ants provide the food supply. When the ants cannot supply the food for the grasshoppers, Hopper demands the ants to produce twice as much food as they did before. As a result, the ants will not have enough food to store up for themselves. Filk then travels to recruit warrior bugs to help the ants fight off the grasshoppers. According to Marx, this would free the colony from the constant oppression of the grasshoppers. The major themes of the movie follow Marxian theory. The first relates to Hopper and how the grasshoppers abuse their power and exploit the ant colony. The grasshoppers expect food knowing that the ants cannot produce enough food for themselves and the grasshoppers to consume. In another scene, the lead grasshopper, Hopper, becomes livid when one of his soldiers suggests ignoring one ant who stood up to his command. In the end the Ants decide to stand up for themselves and recruit extra warriors to fight against the grasshoppers. Karl Marx’s theory is related to each one of these scenes. The first relates to his theory of class-consciousness. The...

Words: 2077 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Leadership in Society

...Christina Paskow Brook S. Edwards Writing II 10 November 2014 Leadership in Society Steven Johnson’s “The Myth of the Ant Queen” is broken down into 3 categories: the city of Manchester, emergence of the complexity theory, and as the title states, the myth of the ant queen. It opens with Deborah Gordon showing the author, Steven Johnson, the ant colonies and how they develop. Gordon’s work, “Focuses on the connections between the micro behavior of individual ants and the overall behavior of the colonies themselves, and part of that research involves tracking the life cycles of the individual colonies, following them year after year as they scour the desert floor for food, competing with other colonies for territory, and once a year they mate with them” (Johnson 193). She is a student, in other words of a particular kind of emergent, self-organizing system The queen of the ants is not as the name suggests, the queen of an ant colony has no political or authoritative significance in the colony. The queen of the ant colony lays eggs and is cared for by other ants, not the dictator of what the other ants do. What Gordon’s work suggests and then supports is that ants do not have a set authoritative figure, they are a self-organizing society. The ants have three main parts to their way of living: the midden which is the town dump, the cemetery, and the main colony. “Look at what actually happened here: they’ve built the cemetery at exactly the point that’s furthest away from...

Words: 2101 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

E-Procurement

...empirical exploration of public e-procurement Catherine A. Hardy ⁎, Susan P. Williams Information Policy and Practice Research Group, Discipline of Business Information Systems, Faculty of Economics and Business, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Available online 19 April 2007 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to theoretically and empirically explore how public e-procurement policies are translated into practice. The theoretical argument draws on actor network theory (ANT), coupled with Colebatch’s [Colebatch, H. K. (2002). Policy (2nd ed.). Maidenhead, Open University Press.] social construct of policy, to analyze the actors, actions, and circumstances through which understanding of public e-procurement comes to stabilize (or not) into a coherent policy for action. Drawing on three case studies of central government agencies in Italy, Scotland, and Western Australia, we suggest new intellectual perspectives and methodological heuristics that may assist researchers and practitioners analytical efforts in examining sociotechnical change and the implications for policy development and implementation. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: E-government; E-procurement; Actor network theory; Social construction of policy 1. Introduction Public e-procurement, as an information system (IS) enabled innovation in government, is transforming technological platforms and the way governments in Western countries procure goods and services and engage with...

Words: 12195 - Pages: 49

Free Essay

Engineering Managemnet

...Innovation is continual process and embedded systems represent a huge part of innovation in technology in the field of electronics. Embedded systems are found virtually everywhere. Perhaps my first linking to embedded systems was in eighth semester as a part of my curriculum, though I realised later that I was always surrounded by the embedded systems- cell phones, automated washing machines, etc. I was fascinated and amazed to see the embedded systems in all the real world applications. After working for 17 months as technical sales engineer with Arrow Electronics where I supported many embedded clients in different projects my zeal to advance in embedded systems increased. I want to pursue an MS degree in the field Electrical and Electronics Engineering with specialisation in embedded systems which will help to realise my goal to work as a design engineer and take embedded systems to a new height. This will in turn fulfil my ambition of bringing innovation in the development of ESDM (Electronic System Design and Manufacturing) in my country. Honestly, when I decided to do my Bachelors in Electronics Engineering it was mainly because of my inclination in the subject of physics and mathematics during my intermediate study. Electronics industry in my country is poised to become very vibrant and happening and my goal of contributing to the same further bolstered my decision to enrol for Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics at K.J. Somaiya College of engineering. The curriculum...

Words: 982 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Mmnmnm

...formed by meiosis. • Sexual reproduction directly reduces your contribution to the next generation! Phil Lester, KK413 3 Asexual reproduction • Asexual reproduction has many advantages: – All your wonderful genes are contributed to the next generation (no dilution!). – It enables animals living in isolation to reproduce. – It can create numerous offspring in a short amount of time. • Theoretically it is most advantageous in stable, favourable environments because it perpetuates successful genotypes precisely. Types of asexual reproduction: Fission. • Many invertebrates reproduce asexually by fission. – The separation of a parent into two or more individuals of roughly equal size. Phylum Cnidaria– sacs with central digestive system. 4 5 Types of asexual reproduction: Budding. • A new individual splitting off from an existing one. – For example certain species in the Phylum Cnidaria: new individuals grow out from the body of a parent. – May detach or remain joined to the parent. Phylum Cnidaria– hydras can reproduce sexually when conditions are unfavourable. 6 Types of asexual reproduction: Fragmentation. • The breaking of the body into several separate pieces. – Some or all of which may develop into new adults. – Always associated with regeneration e.g. crown-ofthorns starfish. 7 Types of asexual reproduction: Gemmules. • Some invertebrates release specialized cells that can grow into new individuals. – For example the gemmules of Porifera that are...

Words: 1333 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Interpersonal Communication Research Paper

...distinguish their interpretation of what they consider dietary messages to be without further prompting. The portion of research obtained from the control group also gives dietitians a starting point for communicating dietary messages. There still remains a shortage of research on the weight that communication carries in influencing the consumption of food and beverages and how the sources behind this information resonate with the intended audience. The data within this study will contribute to a list of seldom represented and understudied factors associated with the influence of communication strategies on health behaviors. The investigation team will utilize ANT to acknowledge these factors and their role in shaping a healthy lifestyle. In this form of social theory, all objects are interconnected within social networks. ANT assists in the reveal of previously undetected networks, such as nontraditional relationships between people. This theory is particularly enlightening in the case of this study, as participants may rely on more informal networks to determine their dietary habits. The study first considers the socioeconomic status of the participants and the relation to their food purchases. Due to the specific location of the participants as addressed in the study's requirements, the results will reflect areas of a similar environment and population number. The data will also illustrate how dietary messages are most commonly expressed, as well as the paths that nutrition information...

Words: 1255 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Success and Failure of Technological Process

...entrepreneurship is distributed and embedded across different kinds of actors in the networks. The aggregation of inputs from various actors (both human and nonhuman) through multiple technological paths creates a momentum that result in technological change. The study compared wind turbine industry in Denmark and U.S. with the notion of “Bricolage” versus “Breakthrough”. The aim of this essay is to examine ways in which actors engage in different levels in shaping technological path. The Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) offers a deeper understanding on a relationship among technology and society and how social factors can influence technological development, whereas the Actor Network Theory (ANT) can help to identify problems and errors in the mechanism that result in a failure of innovation. The paper falls into three main sections. First it describes SCOT and its limitation, using the historical development of bicycle to illustrate. Then, ANT is discussed together with its failure. Thereafter, the SCOT and ANT theories can help to analyze the errors in U.S wind turbine case study and limitation of the paper in Hendry and Harborne’s view. Finally, this essay concludes the main findings and future research suggestions. 10 Reference: AWEA (2014). New analysis: U.S. is world’s number one wind energy producer, leading China and Germany. Available at: http://www.awea.org/MediaCenter/pressrelease.aspx? ItemNumber=6965, (Accessed: 17 December 2014). Baker, T. and Nelson, R. (2005)...

Words: 518 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Fsarege

... glomerulonephritis 5. a renal disease (usually of both kidneys) 6. In chronic glomerulonephritis, for example, a much clearer insight will be needed into the events leading to the destruction of glomeruli by the immunologic reactants that now appear to govern this disease, before one will know how to intervene intelligently to prevent the process, or turn it around. E. immunologic 7. A branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. 8. In chronic glomerulonephritis, for example, a much clearer insight will be needed into the events leading to the destruction of glomeruli by the immunologic reactants that now appear to govern this disease, before one will know how to intervene intelligently to prevent the process, or turn it around. F. thrombosis 9. Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. 10. An extremely complex and costly technology for the management of coronary heart disease has evolved--involving specialized ambulances and hospital units, all kinds of electronic gadgetry, and whole platoons of new...

Words: 2534 - Pages: 11