...Education Plan By: Leticia M. Kozbial-Brown NUR/427 Introduction: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. It is the leading cause of death and illness in the United States. A number of conditions result from CAD, these include angina, congestive heart failure myocardial infarct, and sudden cardiac death. CAD occurs when the blood vessels providing blood to the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked. Arteries lose some of their elasticity as we age. The lumens of the arteries become narrowed from either fatty fibrous plaques or calcium plaque deposits. If there is mild restriction in blood flow, there may be no noticeable symptoms at rest. Symptoms such as chest pressure may occur with increased activity or stress indicating that the heart is having difficulty receiving adequate blood flow. Other symptoms include heartburn, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, or diaphoresis. When the blood flow is significantly reduced, severe symptoms , such as angina pectoris, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction or heart failure may occur. “Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of CAD and is linked to many risk factors, primarily elevated serum cholesterol levels, elevated blood pressure, and cigarette smoking. Other risk factors include heredity, obesity, lack of physical activity, stress and diabetes mellitus.” (Sommers, 2011) Of the 500,000 deaths annually from CAD, approximately 160,000 occur before age 65. Over half of these deaths occur in women, with...
Words: 1373 - Pages: 6
...Thought Paper for Frasure-Smith (2008) Frasure-Smith et al. studied patients with stable CAD for characteristics of GAD and MDD to determine some possible courses of action for more effective intervention and treatment. Although their study is innovative in that it includes patients with both GAD and MDD, there are some flaws in their methods that raise questions about the legitimacy of their findings. For example, it seems that there are significant flaws in determining GAD and MDD using self-reports as well as DSM-IV diagnoses. Self-reports are inherently biased and largely subjective while the DSM-IV is widely acknowledged to have flaws due to its rigid adherence to pre-determined criteria that does not always appropriately account for situational factors that may have influenced diagnosis. Additionally, this study looks at GAD and MDD 2 months after patients experienced adverse coronary incidents that initially caused them to be hospitalized. This fails to take into account patients who died prior to that 2 month period as well as patients who were not hospitalized and the article even goes as far as to admit that this is a major flaw. Furthermore, emotional states are subject to change over time so being categorized as having GAD and/or MDD after the incident took place does not necessarily indicate that there is a direct connection between CAD and GAD and/or MDD. Some further studies that could promote more understanding of this issue with an eye towards prevention...
Words: 319 - Pages: 2
...research study done by Oxford University took 37,875 healthy individuals between 20-97 years of age and compared their body mass index (BMI) by putting four diet groups (pescatarian, omnivore, vegan, and vegetarian). What their findings were concludes that an increased BMi is associated more so than not with a high protein low fibre intake. The research study also shows more detail with regards to lifestyle factors and similarities between diets. For anyone looking to reverse Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) plant based nutrition can help with that immensely. After recently going on instagram I came across a post from Dr. Danielle Belardo, Cardiologist at Philadelphia's first preventative cardiology clinic with focus on plant based nutrition education. What she shared was a picture of an article from The Journal of Family Practice. The research that has been done in that article shows just how little medical as well as surgical treatment can do in terms of helping people that suffer from CAD. The Journal of Family Practice tells of their study, where 22 patients undertook what’s referred to as plant based nutrition intervention according to the article. Within three weeks a patient was already showing progress then after a period of 10 months another patient showed progress as well having pain relief. The article continues to go more in depth giving more description about the study. Here’s what Danielle had to say regarding the trial: “As a physician, and especially as a cardiologist...
Words: 1073 - Pages: 5
...fat, cholesterol. This build up is commonly known as plaque. These conditions eventually lead to Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease. Heart disease is described as a range of diseases that affect the heart. There are several diseases that can be classified as heart disease. These diseases include diseases of the blood vessels, known as coronary artery disease; arrhythmias, which are complications with heart rhythm; heart infections; and heart defects you're born with, described as congenital heart defects. Heart disease can also be referred to as cardiovascular disease. Coronary artery disease (CAD) generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain, or stroke. There are many risk factors that play a role in the development of heart disease. These factors include age, family history of CAD, ethnicity, uncontrolled cholesterol, and uncontrolled blood pressure, and diabetes, lack of physical activity, obesity and smoking. Heart disease also happens to be the number one killer amongst women. Women who suffer with heart disease are more likely to suffer from a heart attack. Often there are misdiagnoses in women which may lead to heart attacks, in which women usually fail to recover. Many times this occurs because the symptoms in men are quite different than that in women. Women usually confuse there symptoms with other problems they may experiencing or pass them off as something else....
Words: 941 - Pages: 4
...Title OVERVIEW Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition that is caused by plaque build-up in the arteries to the heart. The plaque creates a blockage in those arteries, decreasing the amount of blood flow and oxygen that the heart needs to function properly (Julian et al. 1998, as cited by Tully, Baker, Turnbull, & Winefield, p.281). Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Heart catheterizations, stent insertions, valve replacements, and coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) are types of surgical interventions used to repair heart damage. Today, cardiac surgery is a common event, but for the person undergoing the procedure, depression and anxiety can play a large role in the recovery process. When the patient learns he must have heart surgery, many feelings and emotions come...
Words: 1688 - Pages: 7
...Cardiovascular Disease Coronary heart disease (CHD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are interchangeable diseases also used in lieu of cardiovascular ailment. Cardiovascular ailment is the chief source of demise for both genders in the U. S. Of the more that 16 million Americans who have CHD, approximately 1.2 million will encounter an acute event such as acute coronary syndrome or a myocardial infarction this year. Of these, about 310,000 will die before reaching the hospital or in an emergency department (AHA, 2007). Atherosclerosis is the major cause of CHD. Cardiovascular disease conditions can be avoided with the proper education on causes, symptoms, treatment and management. Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is the major cause of CHD in reference to a plaque upsurge of cholesterol that limits or blocks a blood vessel making it strenuous for blood to pass through the vessel. This can lead to ischemia which causes a lack of blood flow and oxygen to meet metabolic needs. Symptoms may be symptomatic therefore it can cause angina or the patient may experience episodes related to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or myocardial infarction. Treatment of atherosclerosis consists of drug therapy which includes Statins to help reduce cholesterol levels and Fibric acids agents, along with antilipemics if statins aren’t as effective. The management of atherosclerosis consists of a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet to help control cholesterol and maintain a stable weight. Following an exercise...
Words: 486 - Pages: 2
...more organizations into a single unit whilst an acquisition involves the purchase of one organization by another so that the buyer assumes control (Brouthers et al., 1998). Why do mergers and acquisitions happen? M&As are done to help an organization expand rapidly in its own sector or venture into a new field or new geography without creating a subsidiary, other child entity or joint venture. The key principal behind mergers and acquisitions is of synergies or value creation as the two companies together become more valuable than they were as separate companies. The companies hope to benefit from the following: Human resource Issues in an M&A Mergers and acquisitions have become associated with various employee issues like stress, anxiety, lowered morale, job dissatisfaction, unproductive behavior, increased turnover and absenteeism, rather than increased overall performance as expected. According to Davy et al. (1988), employee problems are responsible for one-third to one-half of all merger failures. Figure 2: Main merger issues Figure 2. suggests that that employee issues are difficult to tackle and are of high importance, hence they call for special efforts to be taken on behalf of the management Research shows that employees react unfavorably towards mergers and acquisitions due to feeling of deprivation generated due to • Discrepancy between desired and actual outcomes • Discrepancy between deserved and actual outcomes Factors influencing an employee's performance...
Words: 1769 - Pages: 8
...____Self Pay _____Blue Cross _____Medicare _____YABC ________________2nd _______________Other Patient Last Name First Name Initial D.O.B. Sex Date Description CPT Description CPT Description CPT |New Patients||Injections||Laboratory Proc| |Eval & Mgt -Brief 99201||Solu-Medrol 40mg J2920||Hemmocult 82270| |Eval & Mgt -Limited 99202||Solu-Medrol 120mg J2930||Rapid Throat Cult 87070| |Eval & Mgt -Inter 99203||Toradol 60mg J1885||Urinalysis 81000| |Eval & Mgt -Ext 99204||Vitamin B-12 J3420||Urine Dip 81002| |Eval & Mgt -Comp 99205||Phenergan 50mg J2550||Pro Urine 82570QW| |||Rocephin 1gram J0696||Glucose Random 82947QW| |Well Exam-5-11 yrs old 99383||Depotestosterone 200 mg J1071||Protime 85610QW| ...
Words: 645 - Pages: 3
...The topic of heart disease usually centers on heart attacks but there are many other problems that can compromise heart functions, injure the heart tissues, or cause heart disease. Most of the major problems include coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy. The following slides will present these heart problems and their warning signs 2.Heart disease facts Heart disease refers to several conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. Arrhythmias, heart valve disease, congenital heart defects, and inflammation of the heart or its lining (the pericardium) are all diseases that affect the heart. However, this article will focus on the most common type of heart disease, coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as atherosclerotic heart disease (ASHD). Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death in the United States. Over a million people each year will have a heart attack and 25% will die before they get to the hospital while or in the Emergency Department. Prevention is the key to treatment of heart disease. Diagnosis of heart disease is often made by careful history taken by a health care practitioner. Some individuals may have atypical symptoms, including almost none at all. The testing strategy to confirm the diagnosis and plan appropriate treatment needs to be individualized for each patient diagnosed with heart disease. Treatment of heart disease depends upon the severity of disease, and is often...
Words: 918 - Pages: 4
...“To eat is a necessity, but to eat intelligently is an art” ” Francois de La Rochefoucauld (1613 – 1680). Eating is necessary in order to live; but to eat with knowledge is a talent in it self. Unhealthy eating is one of the fastest growing health risks today. Obesity is a contributing factor which leads to many deadly illnesses and is spreading throughout the nation. There is a way to stop this killer and healthy eating is the cure. Healthful Eating will help one to live longer and give one the confidence needed in knowing that body is at its best. Making small changes in every day eating habits will enable people to move forward towards a healthier body and lifestyle. It is important that we eat healthily. To do this we have to have what is called “a diet.” To have a healthy diet, we have to make sure we eat the right kinds of foods. Nutritious foods are very beneficial; nutrients help us to grow, keep our bodies in good repair, and help us to stay fit and active. Healthful foods provide necessary nutrients to our body. Nutrients are a key factor to obtain energy so our muscles work properly, our brain remains active and our hearts continue to beat. Furthermore, “nutrients help build and strengthen bones, muscles, and tendons and regulate body processes, such as blood pressure” (WebMD 2005-2008). Living longer is what most people strive for. For countless people, it is a struggle to succeed at eating healthy. For others, this success comes naturally. “By committing to eat healthier...
Words: 1033 - Pages: 5
...Care of a Group Bluegrass Community and Technical College Critical Criteria #1: Assessment and Prioritizing Patient Care Client # 1 is a 71 year old female who was hospitalized on 1/23/13 with an admitting diagnosis of hyperglycemia, weakness and dehydration. This client has history of underlying lung cancer with metastasis to bone and was recently diagnosed with metastasis to the brain. Other history includes Hypertension, Hypothyroidism, Mitral Valve regurgitation and COPD. Chemotherapy has been put on hold and she is currently getting radiation to the head. Client’s family reports her being more dependent over the last two weeks. She was found with acute kidney/injury (dehydration) and severe degree of hyperglycemia which is new news to her. She was admitted for IV fluids, control of new onset diabetes, and other preexisting complications. She was placed on Thickened liquids due to complication swallowing. Client recently has almost no appetite. Insulin was started for new diabetes problem. Her vitals were stable (T: 97.5, P:93, BP:161/74, RR: 20, O2: 93%per 2L NC). She is allergic to Codeine and Aspirin. Upon assessment of this client, I found her sleeping in bed. Client aroused easily to verbal stimuli and oriented X3. Family was at bedside. PERRLA. Mucous membranes pink and moist, no JVD noted. Her nasal cannula was in place and set at appropriate level of 2L/min. Respirations even and unlabored. Wheezes noted throughout bilateral lungs, patient reports...
Words: 1733 - Pages: 7
...Running head: Healing Hospital: A Daring Paradigm Gift N Onwunali Grand Canyon University: HLT-310V 4/40/2012 Introduction Many people compare healing to cure. In an effort to fully describe the components of “Healing Hospitals: A Daring Paradigm”, how this “Paradigm” might influence our methodology in rendering care and the relationship of the concept to spirituality, it is important that I explain two key terminologies “healing” and “paradigm. Healing is restoration to a maximum health potential. Restoration does not necessarily have to bring something to its original state of affairs. Rather, the functionality can be used for its desired purpose. “When we heal people, we very often notice that the disease may not disappear. Yet, somehow we have the feeling that we did help that person” (Quanten, P. 2002). A paradigm means a certain way of thinking about something that is generally accepted. It can also mean a standard, or a routine method of achieving a result. Sometimes we may declare words such as “model”, “example” and “pattern” as synonymous with paradigm (Swarup, D. 2011). With that, we can then say that the concept of “Healing Hospital: A Daring Paradigm” is a concept of healing in a revolutionary pattern of care that is not our usual and traditional method of caring but generally accepted. Young and Koopsen indicated that the healing hospital paradigm is a holistic concept that that involves more than just curing a disease process. In the Healing...
Words: 1144 - Pages: 5
...self-esteem is the most important factor in the occurrence. At the same time confidence helps to create a school environment in childhood and socializing. Non-assertive child does not individualize. When finding a solution confidence problem after a step, this turns into depression. Briefly; depression in adults, in children and adolescents is the most important psychological problems caused by obesity can say." (SİNİRLİOĞLU, 2012 )Studies have shown that obese people rate their quality of life lower than those children with cancer. Weight gain has been linked with poor concentration levels, poor academic success and social exclusion in school. Consequently ; studies have shown that obesity can lead to psychological problems such as: Depression, Anxiety, Low quality of life, Low self-esteem and Body dissatisfaction. Secondly, obesity is bad because of social aspect. Individuals in business and school life and even health units, including mass media exposed to negative feedback in many areas of life. Widely used all over the world "Impact of Weight on Quality of Life " developing the survey from Duke University Medical Center, Prof. Consultant Dr. KOLOT , said that “obesity causes serious social problems. According to KOLOT, problems experienced by obese individuals as follows: obese people decline the invitation because they do not want to be the fattest people when they enter the environment. Women are dissatisfied with their body, women do not want to see themselves their husbands...
Words: 1125 - Pages: 5
...Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly Volume 20, Number 3 • 2006 Principles of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders in Children Elizabeth A. Gosch, PhD, ABPP Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Philadelphia, PA Ellen Flannery-Schroeder, PhD, ABPP University of Rhode Island, Kingston Christian F. Mauro, PhD Scott N. Compton, PhD Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC This article elucidates the theoretical underpinnings of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) as applied to the treatment of anxiety disorders in children, focusing on social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and separation anxiety disorder. It reviews behavioral and cognitive theories that have influenced this approach. We argue that it is necessary to understand the essential components of this approach in the context of these theories in order to provide effective, clinically sensitive, and child-focused treatment. Components discussed include assessment, psychoeducation, affective education, self-instruction training, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, relaxation training, modeling, contingency management, and exposure procedures. Hypothesized key processes, such as the need to be experiential in treatment, are presented for consideration. Keywords: anxiety; children; cognitive behavior therapy; theory A nxiety disorders are among the most common mental health disorders in youth with / \ prevalence rates ranging from 12% to 20% (Achenbrach...
Words: 9790 - Pages: 40
...because he feels thirsty often; three to four glasses more a day. He tried to drink less fluid to avoid urinating so frequently, but became thirty soon and couldn’t refrain from drinking fluids. He started to get worried about the symptoms and called the office to make an appointment for today. No previous episode of similar symptoms. Patient’s hyperlipidemia is currently being treated with simvastatin and his hypertension with enalapril. He states he has been taking all his medications. PMH: Hypertension controlled with enalapril and Hyperlipidemia controlled with simvastatin. PSH: Denies Medications: Enalapril 10mg PO daily. Simvastatin 20mg PO daily Allergies: No known drug or food allergies FMH: Father is living, age 65 – CAD, MI x2 (first one before age 40), Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus Type II, Bronchiectasis. Mother is living, age 57 – Hypertension. Patient has 4 brothers, all are living. Older sibling, age 41, with history of Hyperlipidemia and MI at age 30. Other siblings in good health. SH: The patient is single and has no children. Live in a single-family home with family members. He is a telecommunication engineer and works as one for a friend’s company. He is insured through his work of employment. He is fluent in English and Spanish, but...
Words: 1026 - Pages: 5
