...THE MYTH OF PSYCHE (excerpted from http://www.mythicjourneys.org/newsletter_jul05_transitions_bolen.html ) As most of you know, psyche is the Greek word for soul. It's also the Greek word for butterfly. If you have a protagonist in a story whose name is Psyche, you might expect that she will go through a major transition and crisis. Will she survive it? Will she come through and be transformed, or will she die? That's one way of looking at the Psyche myth. Those of you who heard Robert Bly's White Bear story on the first day of this conference heard a variation of the Eros and Psyche myth. The form that Psyche broke was the understanding with her unseen lover who came every night. The piece of the story I want to focus on is what happens in an unconscious relationship when it is broken. Psyche was the third most beautiful princess. She was considered so beautiful that she was worshipped rather than sought as a partner. Her father the king seeks to know whether his beloved daughter Psyche will ever find a husband. He goes to the Oracle at Delphi. You know, if you go ask the Delphic Oracle for advice, you are bound to fulfill the advice, so be careful. Don't ask for the advice unless you are prepared to really do what you are told to do. The Oracle tells the king that he must abandon his daughter on a mountain top to meet her fate — an inhuman bridegroom. And so, with death is the beginning of the next stage, Psyche is dressed as for a funeral. All the people of the kingdom grieve...
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...Isabel Mendoza English 12 S1 Anna Dowlen 12 May 2016 Odysseus the Hero By definition, a hero is someone who is admired for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. Odysseus represents the definition of an archetypal hero gorgeously merely from the fact that he receives super-natural help from the gods. He resembles his home (Ithaca) in the way that puts him as the main protagonist based upon his exceptional morals, which were considered to be boundless courage and respect for the gods and their traditions. With his outstanding qualities he is looked upon for guidance throughout the story as he tries to overcome the many obstacles that stand in his way as well. Odysseus is an archetypal hero mainly from the fact that he receives help from the gods. For example, Euanthes who grants Odysseus in his trouble gifts that will get him and his crew the opportunity to regain their strength. He also receives help from an entity named Dawn. In a way this character represents Odysseus and almost foretells the struggles he will later be facing. In a section he introduces this entity, “Young Dawn with her rose-red fingers shone once more we all turned out, intrigued to tour the island.” From there we can see the struggles he faces with himself to overcome the many obstacles that Zeus inflicts on Odysseus in hopes to prevent his journey to go any further. Another characteristic of an archetypal character is one in which all heroes contain a flaw that prevents them...
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...Reporter: Rubelle Hope T. Bantayan BSED-III ENGLISH Glen Serrano Topic: Types of Characters in Fiction In fictional literature, authors use many different types of characters to tell their stories. Different types of characters fulfill different roles in the narrative process, and with a little bit of analysis, you can usually detect some or all of the types below. * Major or central characters are vital to the development and resolution of the conflict. In other words, the plot and resolution of conflict revolves around these characters. * Minor characters serve to complement the major characters and help move the plot events forward. * Dynamic - A dynamic character is a person who changes over time, usually as a result of resolving a central conflict or facing a major crisis. Most dynamic characters tend to be central rather than peripheral characters, because resolving the conflict is the major role of central characters. * Static - A static character is someone who does not change over time; his or her personality does not transform or evolve. * Round - A rounded character is anyone who has a complex personality; he or she is often portrayed as a conflicted and contradictory person. * Flat - A flat character is the opposite of a round character. This literary personality is notable for one kind of personality trait or characteristic. * Stock - Stock characters are those types of characters who have become conventional or stereotypical through repeated...
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...Literary Criticism Review Paradigm: a framework containing your basic assumptions, ways of thinking and methodology about how something should be done, made or thought about. Cognitive dissonance (psychology): the excessive mental stress and discomfort experienced by the individual who: * Holds 2+ contradictory beliefs, ideas, of values simultaneously * Is confronted by new info that conflicts with existing BIV Is/ought dilemma: us aging -> the world as we wish to be OR the world as it actually is HISTORICAL LENS/NEW HISTORICAL LENS Historical criticism -> insisted we need to know a literary piece, that we need to know authors bio, social background, ideas during that time, cultural milieu (environment) New historicism New Historicism: seeks to find meaning in a text by considering the work within framework of prevailing ideas/assumptions of its era. *All about paying close attention to historical context of literary works (e.g: poems, novels, plays) GOALS: 1) Study how a work of literature reflects its historical/sociocultural context 2) Understand how literary works comments on and relates to its context Therefore, approach is interdisciplinary Example of this lens: Always by Erasure MARXIST LENS (Karl Heinrich Marx + Friedrich Engles) * A form of critique for interrogating all societies and their texts in terms of certain specific issues like race, class, and the attitudes shared within a given culture (see terms) * Marxist critique may...
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...Stage dramas are created to engage viewers and convey the themes and ideas of the playwright. Stage dramas rely largely on spoken language. Through spoken language characters are created and refined. Davis’ language choices have developed the characters in a way that portrays the characters to be exaggerated colonial stereotypes. Characters are the most vital element of a stage drama; they create the link between the audience and the drama. It is through Jack Davis’ writing that we are led to feel particular ways about most of the characters. No sugar is a play that makes an impact. Jack Davis has chosen not to construct realistic characters, but instead characters that fit into and even sometimes challenge the stereotypes placed on Aboriginal people. Although some characters are exaggerated stereotypes there are also many that aren’t. Every character is constructed in a different way, through dialogue and action. No sugar focuses on the hardships faced by an - albeit stereotypical of the 1930’s - Aboriginal family during the continued colonisation of Australia. Gran is the matriarchal figure of the family; she is the one that tries to ensure the continuation of the Nyoongah culture. She is characterised as strong and often stubborn. Her stubborn attitude throughout the play represents, in some ways, Aboriginal stereotypes. The way that Davis has constructed her creates a bond between her and the audience; the audience becomes attached to her. Through Davis’ choice, Gran’s...
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...All movies, books and even plays regarding heroic figures use the same archetypes for their characters. An archetype signifies a symbol which connects to literature, art, and real life. In Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, the plot revolves around a group of stranded boys on an island that witness changes in themselves. Throughout the story, each character has an archetypal symbol that connects to a hero’s journey. These archetypes represent the guideline that allows the story to be read through the archetypal literary lens. In literature, the archetypal literary lens allows the reader to read a story by recognizing symbols, character types, and motifs. With this in mind, Golding uses Ralph, Piggy, Simon, and Jack to display the various...
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...The Politically Correct Private Investigator: Not Much Different From The Old Guys People who read detective/Private Investigator (P.I) fiction do so because they are attracted to certain elements that they can expect and enjoy from this genre. Indeed, it seems de rigueur that the hero should have certain character traits and face certain problems in certain ways. In a chapter titled “The Private Investigator,” in fact, we read that a typical investigator will be, male, hard-boiled, an expert on the city, a loner, streetwise, tough, physical, and a mixture of an idealist and cynic. In, however, “Lost Polars,” we see that the author wants to add the novelty of a female character, while maintaining the integrity of the detective genre. Therefore, in Shelley Singer’s depiction of Barrett Lake, the salient and correlative aspects of the archetypal qualities of a private investigator are not tainted with progressive, feminist values. Even though Lake is a woman, she still typifies the noir, solitary hero who stands up for justice even in the face of circumstances that would break the morale of anyone else. This is Singer’s big trick on the audience. We see, for instance, Lake’s intuition, coupled with her quick-thinking, which assured her successful investigation into Judy Garbman’s murder. She’s a woman who does this, but there’s nothing really “feminine” about this process. Her willingness to calm and collectively rationalize and reason, while the rest of her reunion...
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...Ladee Calhoun Hamilton British Literature 1 October 2015 The Ruler After the fall of Roman Empire was the rise of a new religion, Christianity. The Christianity religion was the doctrine or belief that there is only one god which differ the Roman culture. The poet as historian is known as the scop in the Anglo-Saxon culture. To understand culture, one has to understand the belief set. The hero is the most dominant archetype in Beowulf because it deals with the fraternity warrior’s culture. Although the pluralism of Anglo-Saxon culture is very similar to our American culture, the archetype of The Ruler takes place in America today because everyone wants to take control and have power over their own lives and others around. In Literature, an Archetype is a typical character, an action or a situation that seems to represent such universal pattern or human nature. There are many set archetypes; The Innocent, The Lover, and The Rebel. However, the one that dominates the most in Anglo-Saxon culture is the Hero. “I’ve never known fear, as a youth I fought in endless battles. I am old, now, but will fight again, seek fame still, if the dragon hiding in his tower dares to face me” (Beowulf’s Last Battle 607-610). In Anglo-Saxon culture being boastful and prideful is praised because it is a characteristic of a Hero. The poem itself was named after Beowulf to show that he was the dominant hero, the one who stood in the spotlight. “Then he stepped to another still body, clutched at...
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...fairytales contain character archetypes, but they also include situational archetypes such as quests, impossible tasks, or the triumphs of the poor. Although all fairytales have different plots, they are all extremely similar to each other due to the common motifs and archetypes that are present in all fairytale stories. To determine whether a story is a fairytale or not is incredibly easy because one can easily discover numbers of motifs and archetypes that are exhibited throughout the story. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum is a story about a girl named Dorothy who is sent to fulfill arduous tasks and lengthy quests in order to find her way back home. As she tries to find her return home, she has many rough encounters with evil but is assisted by various characters and eventually returns home safely. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz would be considered a fairytale because of the common motifs and archetypes that are present and consistent throughout the story. The motifs and archetypes in the story are the hero, the trickster, the talking animals or objects, the glorified human strength of kindness, and the guardian. The hero archetype in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz proves that this story is a fairytale and is evident through the actions of Dorothy. Dorothy is a little girl from Kansas that is taken away from her homeland by a cyclone that took her and her house into a wonderful country known as the Land of Oz. Dorothy is considered the hero archetype because the story revolves...
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...In the stories Percy Jackson The Lightning Thief and “The legend of Perseus”, the Legend of Perseus is modernized in Percy Jackson The Lightning Thief by changing the events, Hero Archetypes, and themes. Have you ever wonder how Roman stories are like today and how they are made modern to meet your expectations? Events are one of the main thing modernized from ¨The legend of Perseus¨ to Percy Jackson the Lightning Thief. The events are modernized through the Hero’s Journey because in “The legend of Perseus” Perseus never meet the mentor and instead journeyed on his own “Perseus bid his mother good-by and set out to search for Medusa” (D'aulaires,117) unlike Percy Jackson who had several mentors Grover, Poseidon, and Chiron (Percy Jackson...
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...child. The Goddess of the City she domesticated horses for human use. Represented by owl and olive tree. Apollo - Love child of Zeus and Leto. Gød of music, art, archery, and sometimes the sun. Portrayed as many animals, crow and dolphin to name a few. Artemis - Twin sister of Apollo. Goddess of the wild and hunter for the Gøds. Partial to all woodland creatures especially the deer. Aphrodite - Goddess of Love and of Beauty. Born from the foam of the sea. Irresistible to man and to Gød alike. Represented as a dove or a swan. Hermes - Grandson of Atlas. Messenger of Zeus. Shown wearing a small helmet and sandals with wings on them. Also an expert theif. Most commonly used Gød in all mythology. Ares - Gød of war. Hated by his parents, Zeus and Hera. Most ruthless and forceful of the Gøds. Shown as the vulture and as the dog. Hephaestus - Gød of Fire. Often said to be ugly as opposed to the other rulers. Created women out of gold that helped him at home with his chores. Hestia - The Goddess of the hearth or the home. Given offering at the beginning and end of every meal. Eros - Son of Aphrodite he was the Gød of Love. Sometimes seen wearing a blindfold because love is blind. Pan...
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...List of Greek Gods and Goddesses - A Achelois - One of the moon goddesses. Achelous - The patron god of the Achelous river. Aeolus - (a.k.a. Aeolos, Aiolos, Aiolus, Eolus) God of air and the winds. Aether - (a.k.a. Aither, Akmon, Ether) God of light and the atmosphere. Alastor - God of family feuds. Alcyone - One of the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione. Alectrona - Early Greek goddess of the sun. Amphitrite - (a.k.a. Salacia) The wife of Poseidon and a Nereid. Antheia - Goddess of gardens, flowers, swamps, and marshes. Aphaea - (a.k.a. Aphaia) A Greek goddess who was worshipped exclusively at a single sanctuary on the island of Aegina in the Saronic Gulf. Aphrodite - (a.k.a. Anadyomene, Turan, Venus) Goddess of love and beauty. Apollo - (a.k.a. Apollon, Apulu, Phoebus) God of the sun, music, healing, and herding. Ares - (a.k.a. Enyalius, Mars, Aries) God of chaotic war. Aristaeus - (a.k.a. Aristaios) Patron god of animal husbandry, bee-keeping, and fruit trees. Artemis - (a.k.a. Agrotora, Amarynthia, Cynthia, Kourotrophos, Locheia, Orthia, Phoebe, Potnia Theron) Goddess of the moon, hunting, and nursing. Asclepius - (a.k.a. Aesculapius, Asklepios) God of health and medicine. Astraea - The Star Maiden - a goddess of justice, included in Virgo and Libra mythologies. Até - Goddess of mischief. Athena - (a.k.a. Asana, Athene, Minerva, Menerva) Goddess of wisdom, poetry, art, and the strategic side of war...
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...Psyche: Mica Cupid: Joachim Venus: Steph Sister1: Jeoyce Sister2: Jeanelle narrators: Faye & Angelica: voice1 & father: Patrick voice2 & mother: Alyssa Narrator1: A king and queen have three daughters. Narrator2: Chruuee! In fact all of their daughters are attractive, “but” one of them is absolutely gorgeous – Psyche. (Psyche enters the stage) Psyche: Is this gift or a curse? I never wished for this beauty! My only desire is to love and to be loved… (Sigh) Narrator1: People come from all around just to check out how beautiful Psyche is. Narrator2: Men start worshiping her as if she were a goddess and ignore the altars of the goddess of love and beauty, Venus Psyche: (Psyche refuses the gift) I cannot accept this gift because I do not deserve to be worshipped! I am not a goddess! (Higher tone) Narrator1: Men even start saying that Psyche is more beautiful than Venus. (Uh-oh.) Narrator2: We bet you can guess who got mad about this. Yup, that's right – Venus. Venus walking back and forth (worried and mad), holding an apple Venus: The goddess of love? This is so humiliating! Deserting my temples for a mere human! (Cupid playing with his arrows) Cupid: Are you alright mother? Venus: How...
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...Narrator1: A king and queen have three daughters. Narrator2: Chruuee! In fact all of their daughters are attractive, “but” one of them is absolutely gorgeous – Psyche. (Psyche enters the stage) Psyche: Is this gift or a curse? I never wished for this beauty! My only desire is to love and to be loved… (Sigh) Narrator1: People come from all around just to check out how beautiful Psyche is. Narrator2: Men start worshiping her as if she were a goddess and ignore the altars of the goddess of love and beauty, Venus Psyche: (Psyche refuses the gift) I cannot accept this gift because I do not deserve to be worshipped! I am not a goddess! (Higher tone) Narrator1: Men even start saying that Psyche is more beautiful than Venus. (Uh-oh.) Narrator2: We bet you can guess who got mad about this. Yup, that's right – Venus. Venus walking back and forth (worried and mad), holding an apple Venus: The goddess of love? This is so humiliating! Deserting my temples for a mere human! (Cupid playing with his arrows) Cupid: Are you alright mother? Venus: How can I be fine when this mortal princess is addressed as if she was I? Narrator1: The goddess of love gets kind of hateful and orders her son, Cupid to go. Narrator2: and yes, to punish Psyche by making her fall in love with the ugliest thing around. Cupid: There’s no problem in that… so where is this lady you are talking about? (Venus pointed at Psyche) Venus: She is Psyche… Then, I’ll leave it all up to you (Venus fled away...
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...A stunningly beautiful girl, Psyche, is born after two older sisters. People throughout the land worship her beauty so deeply that they forget about the goddess Venus. Venus becomes angry that her temples are falling to ruin, so she plots to ruin Psyche. She instructs her son, Cupid, to pierce the girl with an arrow and make her fall in love with the most vile, hideous man alive. But when Cupid sees Psyche in her radiant glory, he shoots himself with the arrow instead. Meanwhile, Psyche and her family become worried that she will never find a husband, for although men admire her beauty, they always seem content to marry someone else. Psyche's father prays to Apollo for help, and Apollo instructs her to go to the top of a hill, where she will marry not a man but a serpent. Psyche bravely follows the instructions and falls asleep on the hill. When she wakes up, she discovers a stunning mansion. Going inside, she relaxes and enjoys fine food and luxurious treatment. At night, in the dark, she meets and falls in love with her husband. She lives happily with him, never seeing him, until one day he tells her that her sisters have been crying for her. She begs to see them, but her husband replies that it would not be wise to do so. Psyche insists that they visit, and when they do, they become extremely jealous of Psyche's beautiful mansion and lush quarters. They deduce that Psyche has never seen her husband, and they convince her that she must sneak a look. Confused and conflicted...
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