...1002614824 Word Count: November 3rd 2015 Social capital; An Opportunity for One, but a Barrier for the Other Social capital is referred to as “The networks or connections that individuals possess” (Brym and Lie 2012: 123). According to Coleman, the strong bond one shares with other individuals or entities grants one with supplementary opportunities, and significantly increases the likelihood of then achieving those opportunities (Brym and Lie 2012: 123). An example that demonstrates this concept is when my twelfth grade teacher wrote a reference letter on my behalf. This letter was compulsory in order to gain admission in post-secondary institutions in England, particularly to study L.L.B, and luckily I was accepted, upon to which...
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...Applying Sociological Perspectives Stephanie Ann Tombline SOC/100 May 30, 2016 Jennifer Hudgins Applying Sociological Perspectives Social networking sites - such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and, Pinterest, just to name a few - provide individuals with an online web of global networking that allows maintaining social ties with one another. Sociologists often ponder, "How do these social websites impact society?" Above all, this is the question that is the central focus shared by all three of the primary sociological perspectives (Structural Functionalism, Conflict Theory, and, Symbolic Interactionism) when studying and performing research on the topic. Otherwise, the three paradigms of sociological theories are differentiating interpretations of how they perceive social networking sites. Namely, I find this subject intriguing because humans are perpetually seeking innovations intended to ameliorate the quality of life, and diverse opinions pertinent to the effect on the gamut of society and individuals within a community, is inevitable. Albeit, each perspective's view generated as a result of these social milestones, equally hold valid points. Therefore, while social networking sites provide a multitude of beneficial improvements to the world, there are just as many issues that arise, and all three sociological perspectives serve to complement one another in the comprehension of social media networks and the sway they bring to societies. As Viewed Through...
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...What is sociology? ------------------------------------------------- Sociology is a thing, which if it didn’t exist, would have to be invented… ------------------------------------------------- Leonard Broom (2005, p. 210) If you’re new to sociology, and trying to get your head around exactly what it entails, you probably haven’t realised that you’ve encountered it many times already. Sociological analysis features regularly in media commentary and public debate. One sociologist noted “ours has become an age pervaded by sociology’ and sociological concepts have ‘drifted into our everyday language.’ Robert Merton 1981, p. 42. This familiarity with the subject matter of sociology – we are all members of society and thus by definition, should be automatic experts on the topic – can too often lead to the dismissal of the sociological enterprise as mere common sense. Yet, it is much more than that. Sociology involves a methodical study of human behaviours and societies. It is the study of the relationship between the individual and society, investigating how human thought, action and interaction shapes and is shaped by society, or how ‘we create society at the same time as we are created by it’. As sociologists, we need to view our own society as an outsider would. As sociologists, we need to view our own society as an outsider would. Questions: 1. Imagine you are looking through the telescope at our society. In your own words, how would...
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...What is sociology? ------------------------------------------------- Sociology is a thing, which if it didn’t exist, would have to be invented… ------------------------------------------------- Leonard Broom (2005, p. 210) If you’re new to sociology, and trying to get your head around exactly what it entails, you probably haven’t realised that you’ve encountered it many times already. Sociological analysis features regularly in media commentary and public debate. One sociologist noted “ours has become an age pervaded by sociology’ and sociological concepts have ‘drifted into our everyday language.’ Robert Merton 1981, p. 42. This familiarity with the subject matter of sociology – we are all members of society and thus by definition, should be automatic experts on the topic – can too often lead to the dismissal of the sociological enterprise as mere common sense. Yet, it is much more than that. Sociology involves a methodical study of human behaviours and societies. It is the study of the relationship between the individual and society, investigating how human thought, action and interaction shapes and is shaped by society, or how ‘we create society at the same time as we are created by it’. As sociologists, we need to view our own society as an outsider would. As sociologists, we need to view our own society as an outsider would. Questions: 1. Imagine you are looking through the telescope at our society. In your own words, how would you describe the society...
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...theory is used as a sociological theory of crime influential in challenging positivity criminology. The key people to this theory were Becker and Lement. The foundations of this view of deviance are said to have been first established by Lement, (1951) and were subsequently developed by Becker, (1963).As a matter of fact the labelling theory has subsequently become a dominant example in the explanation of deviance. The symbolic interaction perspective was extremely active in the early foundations of the labelling theory. The labelling theory is constituted by the assumption that deviant behaviour is to be seen not simply as the violation of a norm but as any behaviour which is successfully defined or labelled as deviant. Deviance is not the act itself but the response others give to that act which means deviance is in the eyes of the beholder. Actually the labelling theory was built on Becker, (1963:9) statement that "Social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitute deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders----deviance is not a quality of the act of a person commits, but rather a consequences of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an 'offender' The deviant is one to whom that label has successfully been applied. Deviant behaviour is behaviour that people so label." The way out is a refusal to dramatize the evil. The labelling theory connects to great sociological ideas of Dukheim the...
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...generally definition of the law is a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority, and having legal binding force. Law may be set down in a written code as prescribed by an elected legislative body, but also takes the form of judicial decisions and actions of government agencies. While there are many sources of American law, the common characteristic of the current state of law is that it creates duties, obligations, and rights that reflect accepted views of a given society. Jurisprudence could almost be defined as the science and philosophy of law. Jurisprudence may be divided into three branches: analytical, sociological, and theoretical. The analytical branch articulates axioms, defines terms, and prescribes the methods that best enable one to view the legal order as an internally consistent, logical system. The sociological branch examines the actual effects of the law within society and the influence of social phenomena on the substantive and procedural aspects of law. The theoretical branch evaluates and criticizes law in terms of the ideals or goals postulated for it. The purpose of law includes four fundamental purposes: 1. To protect the safety of people. 2) To recognize and protect the freedoms and interests of people in society. 3) To ensure that society functions properly. 4) To produce a fair outcome. n the United States, lawmakers have increasingly embraced...
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...How are the following sociological themes explored in the film “The Iron Lady”? For each refer to societal problems and change and use as many sociological concepts as you can. The opening scene of the Iron Lady shows a frail and old Margret Thatcher. You can see the loss of ambition in the way she shuffles across the corner shop and the perception of her is that of a typical old lady who is very slow in movement. As the young, boisterous man pushes in front, you could argue that from a feminist point of view this is the typical behaviour of a man in today’s society. The man in this scene would, for a lot of feminists, be seen as very rude and patriarchal and would strengthen the argument that many feminists believe, a patriarchal society where the men are seen as the dominant gender through the idea of patriarchal ideology. Further on into the film, now a young women, Thatcher, after acquainting and furthermore flirting with a young Denis Thatcher, is seen at a meeting where she is patronised and condescended by the local Tory party grandees or high ranking Tories as a result of not taking Mrs Thatcher’s application to become a candidate for parliament seriously, this is undoubtedly due to the fact that she is a women. This, from a feminist point of view, would be seen as very much patriarchal and shows the complete disregard for Thatcher and her application, supposing that women are inferior to men and that even the attempt of a women trying to get a position in parliament...
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...Article A, written by Mansoor Ladha of the Edmonton Journal, argues that the niqab goes against Canadian values and should be banned. Article B, written by Mia Rabson of the Winnipeg Free Press, argues that the niqab debate pretends to be about women’s rights but distracts from women’s issues in Canada. After analyzing both opinions using a sociological lens, the position taken by opinion piece B is correct and the position taken by opinion piece A is wrong. Objectivity is important when conducting any form of sociological research. However, there needs to balance between objectivity and sympathy. Max Weber, a prominent sociologist, believed that to understand the motives of others fully, we need verstehen – understand the meaning of an action from the actor’s point of view. It’s important to understand and explain an individual's behavior by listening to that person. When applying the concept of verstehen to the niqab, understanding why women choose to wear it and what it symbolizes to them...
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...Version 1.0 General Certificate of Education June 2011 Sociology 1191 SCLY2 Education with Research Methods; Health with Research Methods Unit 2 Mark Scheme Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation meeting attended by all examiners and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation meeting ensures that the mark scheme covers the candidates’ responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for the standardisation meeting each examiner analyses a number of candidates’ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed at the meeting and legislated for. If, after this meeting, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been discussed at the meeting they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of candidates’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available...
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...‘’Applying material from Item A and your knowledge evaluate sociological explanations of the changes in the status of childhood.’’(20 marks) Sociologists believe that childhood is created and defined by society. They also believe that it is a social construct in developing society and how it plays its part. Previously in different periods there wasn’t a consistent difference between adults and children. However, now there is with clear differences and distinctions between the two. Childhood found its place in society after the pre-industrial society with families living in an extended environment. With extended families a lot of members it doesn’t create the difference between childhood and adulthood. As item A states ‘’there was little distinction between children and adults’’ in the past. Aries (1960) suggested that ‘the idea of childhood did not exist’. After Aries studied from previous art pieces and diaries from the time period he claimed that children that once children had not passed the dependency of infancy they were treated as ‘mini adults’. With labelling children as mini adults it implied that they held the same: rights, duties and skills as adults had. Aries argued the fact that children are not or should not be seen no different to adults from the way they act in society. He also proposed that childhood began to emerge from the 13th century and this was partly due to the rise in education and the individuality children then had compared to adults. Clothing...
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...1. 1.The Sociological perspective What is Sociology? Sociology is the scientific study of human society & social behavior. 2. What is Sociology? * It focuses primarily on the influence of social relationships upon people’s attitudes and behavior and on how societies are established and change. * The ultimate aim of sociology as summed up by Samuel Koenig is “ to improve man’s adjustment to life by developing objective knowledge concerning social phenomena which can be used to deal effectively with social problems.” 3. The Sociological Perspective * 1. The sociological perspective is important because it provides a different way of looking at familiar worlds. It allows us to gain a new vision of social life. * 2. This perspective stresses the broader social context of behavior by looking at individuals’ social location, employment, income, education, gender, age, and race –and by considering external influences –people’s experiences –which are internalized and become part of a person’s thinking and motivations. (cont…) 4. * We are able to see the links between what people do and the social settings that shape their behavior. * 3. The sociological perspective enables us to analyze and understand both the forces that contribute to the emergence and growth of the global village and our unique experiences in our own smaller corners of this village. 5. Subject Matter of Sociology * Sociological analysis:...
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...Version 3.0 General Certificate of Education January 2013 Sociology 1191 SCLY2 Education with Research Methods; Health with Research Methods Unit 2 Final Mark Scheme Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation meeting attended by all examiners and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation meeting ensures that the mark scheme covers the students‟ responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for the standardisation meeting each examiner analyses a number of students‟ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed at the meeting and legislated for. If, after this meeting, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been discussed at the meeting they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of students‟ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year‟s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available to download...
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...RESPONSE PAPER “Contributions made by KARL MARX, MAX WEBER and EMILE DURKHEIM to the research methodology used in social sciences” INTRODUCTION The paper mainly concerns the contributions of MARX, WEBER and DURKHEIM to the methodology in social sciences. The various methodologies in social sciences establish a connection with the societal implications which have a large impact over the society and its normative effects. Referring to the contributions by the following sociologists, all have a different and influential impact on the factors of society. The methodology of various sociologists reflects their attitude towards the society and its various customs and traditions. The following mentioned are the various methodologies adopted by sociologists in the field of social sciences. Marxist sociology emerged around late 19th/early 20th century, influenced by the thought of Karl Marx. Marx is seen as one of the most influential thinkers in early sociology, alongside thinkers such as Max Weber and Émile Durkheim. KARL MARX The theory propounded by Karl Marx is Marxism; in a nutshell it is the theory and practice of working-class emancipation. Marxism is also a method of looking at the world. One of the most important foundations of Marx's method was dialectical thought. Marx relied a lot on historical materialism and dialecticism to propound his theories in social science. Marx relied heavily on these two methods...
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...AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY DIPLOMA IN SOCIAL WORK AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES COURSE CODE: SWD112 COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY QUESTION PICK ANY SOCIOLOGY FOUNDING FATHER, WRITE HIS OR HER CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY BY HEZEKIAH KELLY .M.O. D12SG0016 DATE: JUNE 2013 EMILE DAVID DURKHEIM (1858 – 1917) BRIEF HISTORY AND EARLY LIFE STAGES OF DURKHEIM Durkheim was born in the eastern Pascoag providence of Lorraine, which at that time was part of Germany, on April 15th 1858. He came from a long line of conservative French Jews but, he decided early in his life he would not follow in his family’s footsteps. He led a completely secular lifestyle. he never completely detached himself from his family or the Jewish community. Many of his colleagues and students were either from the Jewish community or of blood relation. In 1879 Durkheim entered École Normale Supérieure, as a very promising student. That year’s class was one of the most brilliant in the nineteenth century. Many of his classmates, such as Jean Jaurès and Henri Bergson, went on to become very influential to France’s history. Very early in his career, Durkheim became interested in the scientific approach to society by reading works by social scientists, Herbert Spencer and Auguste Comte, and studying with Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges. Thus, he found many problems with the French...
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...ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE APPROACHES FOR ORGANIZATIONS and change Management thinking and perspective in their approach and examine three general groupings are possible: The development of perspective-Postmodernism -Management and organizational issues facing views the emergence of sociological and economic aspects Under-developed concept of globalization and information age, practice, and approaches ... Postmodernism as a system of thought in the social sciences, aims to get rid of established thought patterns, all kinds of scientific research and accumulated know-how critical, is a kind of revolt that established order, which represents a point of view sees everything relative. Differences in terms of management encourages creativity. People the "right" to impose s, rather than leave them completely free and should be given opportunity to make their own wish. Organizations to adapt to their environment to provide informed viewing decisions taken opinions as "adaptation-adaptation approach" is called. Organization theory, the "ecological vision", "population ecology" or "organizational population ecology model", also known as the main idea of this view is the following: How do living things in nature is a natural choice (selection), sieved and finding a part of life evolved over the lives of others is processing an evolution, it is similar to the situation in the world of organizations. Eliminated in stopping the activities...
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