...Labor Management (not covered in class; come from this handout) – 3 QUESTIONS Labor-Management Relations 1. Unions have not fared especially well in recent years. In 1970, approximately 30% of the workforce was unionized. Today, it is about ½ of that. Why? One reason is the shift from a manufacturing to a service economy. Some would contend that unions are not as necessary now as they once were because so many state and federal laws already protect employees. 2. Unions are gearing up to increase their membership Targeting women and minorities, which is ironic because unions have traditionally been controlled by white, blue-collar men who had little interest in seeing women and minorities make gains in the workplace. 4 Major Federal Labor Law Statutes 1. Norris-LaGuardia (1932) Outlaws yellow dog contracts (whereby employee agrees that he will not become involved in union activity and acknowledges that employer has the right to fire him if he does), and Limits power of federal courts to issue injunctions in labor disputes (traditionally, employer could easily get injunction, thereby putting an end to planned labor activities—strikes, for example). 2. Wagner (1935) - Outlaws unfair labor practices by employers. Grants employees the right to form, join, assist unions, and to bargain collectively (through union, instead of contracting individually with employer—strength in unity—employer doesn’t need any particular worker, but does need labor). Grants...
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...similarities and difference among the employees of organizations. In a diverse workforce, managers are compelled to recognize and handle the similarities and differences that exist among the people in the organization. Employees’ conceptions of work, expectations of rewards from the organization, and practices in relating to others are all influenced by diversity. The importance of renewed interest in diversity is that it helps organizations reap the benefits of all the similarities and differences among workers. Diversity helps bring together ideas from cultures all over the world, in addition to new attitudes and perspectives that can help a company be truly competitive. The workforce is only going to continue to diversify through the years. The change is inevitable, and soon minority groups will become the majority. Managers must first recognize that diversity exists in organizations in order to manage it appropriately. Managers who do not recognize diversity may face an unhappy, disappointed, and underutilized workforce. Chapter 2: Review of the Literature "Diversity Management: Expert-Identified Leading Practices and Agency Examples." MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO, 14 Jan. 2005. Web. 11 June 2013. A high-performance organization relies on a dynamic workforce with the requisite talents, multidisciplinary knowledge, and up-to-date skills to ensure that it is equipped to accomplish its mission and achieve its goals. Such organizations typically foster a work environment in which...
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...Introduction Good corporate governance (GCG) in a corporate set up leads to maximize the value of the shareholders legally, ethically and on a sustainable basis, while ensuring equity and transparency to every stakeholder - the company's customers, employees, investors, vendors-partners, the government of the land and the community (Murthy, 2006). GCG is a must for ensuring the required values to different stakeholder groups. It enhances the performance of corporations, by creating an environment that motivates managers to maximize returns on investment, enhance operational efficiency and ensure long-term productivity growth. Consequently, such corporations attract the best talent on a global basis. It also ensures the conformance of corporations with the interests of investors and society, by creating fairness, transparency and accountability in business activities among employees, management and the board (Oman, 2001). Again, GCG increase public confidence in a corporation, and lowers the cost of capital for investment. According to a McKinsey study (2002), over 60% of investors cite Good Governance practices in a corporation as a key factor in their investment decisions. Today, GG becomes a slogan and a pride. Here, we can uses accounting as a mean for establishing and retaining corporate governance. Accounting is a process of compiling information for reporting the internal affairs of any entity to different stakeholders at the end of a certain interval. It is defined as...
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...WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT Interest Groups Professor Karina Arzumanova U.S. Goverment An Interests Group is defined as an organization of people or a letterhead organization, sharing a common interest or goal that seeks to influence the making of public policy. In the American political system, there are a wide variety of interest groups that are organized for the sole purpose of exerting influence on the political and legal systems. These groups play a central role in deciding who gets what, when, where and how in legislative and budget processes. They also play a significant role in deciding which values will be promoted and enforced by the government. When individuals have common interests, it often makes sense for them to join together in pursuit of those interests. When this happens, a special interest group is formed. These groups then compete for a share of the limited resources distributed through the political process. While many groups are formed to compete for economic resources, others are formed to support their positions on issues like abortion and gun control. The limited resource these groups compete for is not money or real estate but rather the use of governmental power to enforce a particular set of values. At the group level, it makes sense for groups to form and do the things they do. However, at the individual level, there are powerful incentives to be a free rider. If a group is pursuing your interests even though you, as an individual, are...
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...opensecrets.org / Center for Responsive Politics). All contemporary democratic societies are based on systems of representation. In a theoretical representative democracy, citizens form positions on issues and convey their views to elected representatives, whose job is to make policies consistent with those positions. (Bey, D. and Mizruchi, M. 2005). This is the theory however, if a corporation or a group of corporations donate money to a political party, they expect something in return. Like favoritism when the politician votes for certain bills or political contracts awarded in their favor. This type of structure in government is known as elite pluralism. American society was dominated politically by a small group of leaders that included both the heads of major organizations as well as top political officials. These elites, having formed a largely cohesive community, unified not only through common interests in maintaining their privileges but also through common socialization experiences (including attendance at elite prep schools and universities), common membership in social clubs and policy-making organizations, and social and kinship ties. (Bey, D. and Mizruchi, M. 2005). During the 1980s, data on the campaign contributions of corporate political action committees (PACs) in the United States became...
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...Industrial disputes and it’s resolution on the garments industry of Bangladesh Borna Akter Department of Management Govt. BM College Barisal, Bangladesh BBA(Honours),2nd year Roll No. Md. Mizan Rahaman Assistant Professor Department of Management Govt. BM College Barisal, Bangladesh. Date of preparation: ABSTRACT Industrial dispute has been touted as a major constraint in the economy of Bangladesh. While poor management and inadequate institutional factors were widely blamed for the high propensity of industrial dispute, formation of workers’ behavioural intention of industrial dispute has hardly been studied in the context of Bangladesh. Based on three cases from Bangladesh Export Processing Zone (BEPZ), we apply theory of planned behaviour to identify what are the factors that influence the...
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...Introduction & Agribusiness Bangladesh has a first and foremost agrarian economy. It is the single largest producing sector of the economy of Bangladesh. Most of the Bangladeshi people are involved with agricultural activities. They earn their living by doing such activities. It includes about 30% of the country’s GDP. Near about 60% people of our country are involved with agricultural activities which prove that a large amount of labor force is doing such activities. It has a great impact on some major objectives, such as- employment generation, poverty alleviation, human resources development and food security. Agricultural holdings in Bangladesh are generally small. Through Cooperatives the use of modern machinery is gradually gaining popularity. Rice, Jute, Sugarcane, Potato, Pulses, Wheat, Tea and Tobacco are the principal crops. The crop sub-sector dominates the agriculture sector contributing about 72% of total production. Fisheries, livestock and forestry sub-sectors are 10.33%, 10.11% and 7.33% respectively. For a number of factors, Bangladesh's labor-intensive agriculture has achieved stable increases in food grain production in spite of the often hostile weather conditions. It contains better flood control and irrigation. Agricultural product of Bangladesh: Rice is the staple food of Bangladesh. The production of rice can be harvested 2 or 3 times a year. Wheat is also a valuable agricultural product of our country. However due to weather conditions the production...
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...Date: The Role of Women in Kuwaiti Politics Introduction Kuwait is a rapidly growing modernizing country where women enjoy a number of similar social and civil rights that men do enjoy. The country has gone through numerous economic, political, and social developments throughout the 20th century. Regardless of this, rulers in Kuwait continue to cherish that fact that Kuwait can be a developed nation with its traditionally organized formation. The people of Kuwait dream that “Kuwait can be simultaneously a "developed" country and a "traditional" tribally organized” (Tetreault 204, p. 203). Social formation run by an autocratic ruler Rulers such as Emir Mubarak consolidated the power of ruling Sabah family against merchant clans that dominated before. More, the ruler made sure that his autocratic reign could go beyond his descendants after his death. In the reign of Emir Abdullah al-Salim, policies, which strengthened social forces in Kuwait, were emphasized. In as much as women enjoy similar social and civil rights as men, they are deprived of several political rights that men enjoy. Whereas they are entitled to take part as voters as well as candidates in the administration of local cooperatives stores, they are offered with the chance to run for national legislature/vote for its members. In the month of May, 1999, the emir of Kuwait promulgated a decree that offered women with the right to vote and for public office in municipal and parliamentary elections. The decree was...
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...Situation Analysis of Trade Unions and Industrial Relations in Bangladesh: A Country Profile • Balasundaram Nimalathasan (Department of Accounting, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka) • Abu Taher (Department of Management Studies, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh) Abstract Industrial Relations (IR) is an inter-disciplinary field that encompasses the study of all aspects of people at work. IR is a fascinating subject for the study understanding discussion and practice, as it covers the whole range of human relations within industry. IR is a combination of various social sciences, the cumulative effect of which is to grease the wheels of industry and society. Sound IR can only be based on human relations and good human relations dictate that human beings should be treated humanely, which includes respect for human dignity, fair sealing and concern for the human beings physical and social needs. The research is based on desk study. Moreover, the recommendation would be helpful to the practitioners, researchers, planners, policy makers and academicians, who are involved in the concerned area. Keywords: Situational Analysis; Trade Unions and Industrial Relations 1. Introduction Trade unionism is the core of industrial relations. Primarily it is also referred to as phenomenon of the capitalist society, where in trade unions seek to remove the power imbalance between the buyer (i.e., employer) and individual seller (i.e....
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...Institutionalism. The basic insight of the theory is that the national characteristics of individual States matter for their international relations” (Anne-Marie Slaughter, 2011). Many looked at international relations in some other ways. In other words, each has looked at it according to their own agenda and benefits. In simpler words of my understanding, international relation is a study where it looks at the relationship between countries, which will of course include the role of different organizations and different policies. For a long time now, our world is highly filled with national security dialogues such as diplomats, statesmen and military positions, however, all of these managed to avoid women participation due to their lack of characteristics required to handle such heavy duties. Gender discrimination is not something new, proving that would be all of the feminist movements that happened over the years to address their issues. Many categories in life have addressed women’s issue for some changes even when it comes to the world of politics. However, not until recently where international relations has made some unwillingly places for feminist between them (Eric M. Blanchard, 2003). Knowing that both International Relations and feminism are classmates in many...
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...theme in “The Federalists (No. 10). In it he discussed factions, which was his term for interest groups and Madison believed that will always have diverse interest especially when it comes to economic circumstances and property ownership. Even though interest groups can be found deeply rooted in many different traditions and cultures such as Germany, they are common threads that can be observed in the development of interest groups mostly in Western industrial societies. There are about four phases in which the development of interest groups can be viewed. In what is called the first phase or the preindustrial phase beginning in the 1830s to the 1870s, there were charitable organizations that assisted the poor and less fortunate, which were mostly middle class citizens that were a part of this organization. Then breaking off into the second phase was the process of industrialization that was from the 1860s, lasting until the early 1900s. During this time, is when membership for interest groups started to break the class line and the establishment...
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...1. Abstract This study looks at differences in male and female wages using data from Statistics Canada’s annual Survey of Consumer Finance (SCF) and Survey of Labour Income Dynamics (SLID). In addition to information on annual income, this study also looks at hourly wage data, which is a more precise measure as the earnings data series takes into account the price of labour as well as quantity (i.e. individuals’ work/leisure preferences). This study looks at the variables of race, highest achieved level of education as well as age to examine the existence of a wage gap. Like other studies, we have found that males have a higher wage in each of these areas, with females earning an average of 80 – 87% of the males’ average. Furthermore, we have examined the existence and size of a wage gap in three industries; law, nursing and the education industry. Finally, we looked at the Canadian gender-based wage gap statistics compared to International gender-based wage gap statistics. We deduced that there is, indeed, a wage gap in each of the mentioned industries, and can be partially attributed to human capital theory and occupational segmentation theory, however, a substantial portion of the gap remains unexplained. 2. General Existence of Gender-Based Wage Differentials in Canada The existence of gender based wage differentials in North America have been well documented for decades. Although female-male wage ratios have closed significantly since the mid 1980s, progress in wage...
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...[pic] Student Details: Name : Nyakeriga Bilha K. Student I/D : 621839 Course : IBA 4010 Lecturer : Dr. Simiyu Wambalaba Semester : Summer 2008 Term Paper – World Trade Organization (WTO) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 What is WTO? 1.2 History of WTO 1.3 Mission 1.4 The Structure of WTO 2.0 WTO SYSTEMS 11 3.0 CONITIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP 17 4.0 OBJECTIVES OF WTO 24 5.0 WTO DISPUTE RESOLUTION SYSTEM 27 5.1 Governing Principles 5.2 Stages Of Dispute Resolution 6.0 SUCCESS AND FAILURES OF WTO 29 7.0 WTO AND 3RD WORLD RELATED ISSUES 35 7.1 Who are the Least Developed Countries? 7.2 Who Are the Developing Countries? 7.3 Issues Relating to 3rd World Countries 7.4 Action Plan for the Least Developed Countries 8.0 CHALLENGES FACED BY WTO 42 8.1 Overloading the WTO 8.2 Decision Making 8.3 The role of overlapping unimplemented commitments from the Uruguay Round with new issues from the Doha Round 8.4 Regionalism 8.5 Eroding national sovereignty 8.6 Asymmetry between goods and service liberalization 8.7 Protecting intellectual property 8.8 Asymmetry between public and private trade restrictive Measures 8.9 Shooting at a moving target: Protectionism in disguise 8.10 Doha Development Agenda 8.11 A Healthy WTO 8.12...
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...massive shifts occur. Regarding work, exchange, and technology; America in the World; politics and power; as well as ideas, beliefs, and culture, the evolution between the centuries have changed the significant themes throughout the United States. Work, exchange, and technology play a huge role in Americans lives throughout each century. People rarely used money; services and products were paid for mostly through trades and barters. Home and work were not separated; they were the same place. Nobody stuck to a schedule; things were done as needed. Skills were acquired through apprenticeship. An apprenticeship lasted from three to seven years. Apprentices lived with their masters during this time period, while trading knowledge for labor. However, women were not allowed to have such apprenticeships. Women gained knowledge of domestic skills through their mother, as it was assumed that the women would marry. Some women would work respectably as: servants, laundresses, seamstresses, cooks, and food vendors—or not respected as prostitutes. Men directed the lives of family members and apprentices: deciding occupations for sons, marriages for daughters, etc. Women (the wives) were responsible for: food, clothing, child rearing and Gonzalez 2 tending to apprentices, yet still subject to man’s direction. Traveling by road was difficult as the roads themselves were poor. The federal government funded exclusively interstate projects. In 1808, the federal government...
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...AMERICAN HISTORY POST CIVIL WAR American History Post Civil War Test 2 Growth Of Education In The United States In Nineteen Century Education in the United States has faced great changes toward development in the past hundreds of years. A society that was coming to depend increasingly on specialized skills and scientific knowledge was, of course a society with a high demand for education. The late nineteenth century, therefore, was a time of rapid expansion and reform of American school and universities. One example was the spread of free public primary and secondary education. In 1860, there were only 100 public high schools in the entire United States. By 1900, the number had reached 6,000, and by 1914 over 12,000. By 1900, compulsory school attendance laws were in effect in thirty-one states and territories. But education was still far from universal. Rural areas lagged far behind urban-industrial ones in funding public education. Also, in the south, many blacks had access to no schools at all. The post-Civil War era saw, too, an important expansion of educational opportunities for women. In the years after the war, many of the land-grant colleges and universities in the Midwest and such private universities as Cornell and Wesleyan began to admit women along with men. The female college was part of an important phenomenon in the history of modern American women; likewise, the anthropologists, sought to provide educational opportunities for the Indian tribes...
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