...facultativa. Bibliografie: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Andrei Marga, Argumentarea , EFES, Cluj, 2006; Andrei Marga, Rationalitate, comunicare, argumentare, Editura Dacia, Cluj, 1991; Andrei Marga, Metodologie si argumentare filosofica , Editura Dacia, Cluj, 1992; Stephen Toulmin, The Uses of Argument, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, NY, 2003; Morris Cohen, Ernest Nagel, An Introduction to Logic and Scientific Method, Simon Publications, Harcourt, Brace & World, [1934], 2002 Alec Fisher, The Logic of Real Arguments, second edition, Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, UK, 200 4; Douglas Walton, Begging the Question. Circular Reasoning as a Tactic î Argumentation, Greenwood Press, New York/Westport/London, 1992; Austin J. Freely, David L. Steinberg Argumentation and Debate. Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision, Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, CA, 2000; John L. Austin, How to do Things with Words,...
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...Argumentation Essay “Judaism is dying. Not the Jewish people; not Israel; not Jewish Studies programs or Jewish PACs or Jewish philanthropies; but Judaism herself: the idea that God so loved the Jews that He gave us His one true revelation that we might bring justice and compassion to humankind. This Judaism is dying.” Says Rabbi Rami Shapiro in his article “Beyond Religion with Rabbi Rami.” There have been many forms of Judaism, which had died one after another. First there was the death of the shamanic Judaism of Abraham. That was followed by the birth of the priestly and sacrificial Judaism of Aaron. The prophetic Judaism heralded the priestly and sacrificial Judaism. The death of the prophetic Judaism gave birth to the current form, rabbinic Judaism. If this Judaism dies, it could stay dead. Judaism is dying mainly because of the strict rules and regulations of the Jewish religion. Most Jews drop down a level of the Jewish hierarchy, or throw away their religion because they don’t want to follow these strict rules and regulations. They do what they think is more comfortable or convenient for themselves. These personal choices and conveniences are not the ideas rabbis had in mind when giving birth to the current Judaism. There have been a number of Judaisms trying to take the place of this dying religion, but none of them can replace the current one. Zionism failed because most Jews don’t want to live in a Jewish state or serve in the Jewish army. Plus the only thing...
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...Explication and Argumentation to a Specific Audience It’s accurately described as the world’s online marketplace, connecting buyers and sellers both near and far. The vast majority of people are casual, intermittent users. But maybe you are ready to take that next step and make selling on eBay a full-time vocation. Nearly anyone can sign up and begin selling immediately, but only those who maintain the status of PowerSeller are able to financially maximize their selling experience. EBay makes a portion of their profits by extracting a fee from each attempted and actual sale. This fee is deducted from the sellers account. The fees are structured at a lower percentage for those who generate the most profit for eBay; those are the PowerSellers. A PowerSeller typically saves 5% over members of the general selling class. Other benefits exist beyond reduced fees, including access to group health insurance and representation in customer disputes. Even United Parcel Service in a cooperative agreement with eBay will offer shipping discounts to PowerSellers. With benefits such as these available, it’s obvious that the PowerSeller program is an attempt by eBay to attract recruits. The decision point for interested individuals as with any decision often comes down to the overall opportunity cost. Those can be weighed by viewing eBay’s PowerSeller and Top Rated Seller Policy. The website itself is accessible on the internet or smartphone as eBay.com. The PowerSeller requirement...
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...Section I: * Good reason: reasons that are psychologically compelling for a given audience that makes further inquiry both unnecessary and redundant. Therefore, justifying a decision to affirm or reject a proposition. (Page 2, 12th Edition) Example: * Ethos: means to convince by the character of the author and by the amount of respect and credibility the commands from the audience. Example: As a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this course of treatment will likely generate the best results. * NDT*: National debate tournament. (Page 20, 12th Edition). * CEDA*: Cross Examination Debate Association. (Page 20, 12th Edition) * Sophists: A person who reasons with clever but fallacious arguments. Example: A person who uses graphs and scientific observation to convince someone that humans are not mammals. * Enthymeme: (1) A truncated syllogism, in which one of the premises or the conclusion is not stated. (Page 153, 12th Edition) Example: “You will come out victorious, just do your best." The missing premise is "All people who do their best are people who come out victorious." * Deduction: Argument that begins with a broad generalization and moves to a more specific application or conclusion. (Page 170, 12th Edition) Example: All living organisms eventually die. A flower is a living organism. Therefore, it will eventually die. * Induction: Argument that begins with a specific case and moves to a broader generalization...
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...I have chosen the constellation Libra also known as The Scales. I have chosen the constellation Libra simply because it is my Zodiac and it is also beautiful and elegant. The brightest stars in Libra form a quadrangle. Quoted from the Muggle's Wikipedia " distinguishes it for the unaided observer. Traditionally, Alpha and Beta Librae are considered to represent the scales' balance beam, while Gamma and Sigma are the weighing pans.Alpha Librae, called Zubenelgenubi, is a binary star divisible in binoculars, 77 light-years from Earth. The primary is a blue-white star of magnitude 2.7 and the secondary is a white star of magnitude 5.2. Its traditional name means "the southern claw". Zubeneschamali (Beta Librae) is the corresponding "northern claw" to Zubenelgenubi. The brightest star in Libra, it is a green-tinged star of magnitude 2.6, 160 light-years from Earth. Gamma Librae is called Zubenelakrab, which means "the scorpion's claw", completing the suite of names referring to Libra's archaic status. It is an orange giant of magnitude 3.9, 152 light-years from Earth.Lota Librae is a complex multiple star, 377 light-years from Earth, with both optical and true binary components. The primary appears as a blue-white star of magnitude 4.5; it is a binary star indivisible in even the largest amateur instruments with a period of 23 years. The secondary, visible in small telescopes as a star of magnitude 9.4, is a binary with two components, magnitudes 10 and 11. There is an optical companion...
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...A. E. Housman's "To an Athlete Dying Young," also known as Lyric XIX in A Shropshire Lad, holds as its main theme the premature death of a young athlete as told from the point of view of a friend serving as pall bearer. The poem reveals the concept that those dying at the peak of their glory or youth are really quite lucky. The first few readings of "To an Athlete Dying Young" provides the reader with an understanding of Housman's view of death. Additional readings reveal Housman's attempt to convey the classical idea that youth, beauty, and glory can be preserved only in death. A line-by-line analysis helps to determine the purpose of the poem. The first stanza of the poem tells of the athlete's triumph and his glory filled parade through the town in which the crowd loves and cheers for him. As Bobby Joe Leggett defines at this point, the athlete is "carried of the shoulders of his friends after a winning race" (54). In Housman's words: The time you won your town the race We chaired you through the market place; Man and boy stood cheering by, And home we brought you shoulder-high. (Housman 967). Stanza two describes a much more somber procession. The athlete is being carried to his grave. In Leggett's opinion, "The parallels between this procession and the former triumph are carefully drawn" (54). The reader should see that Housman makes another reference to "shoulders" as an allusion to connect the first ... ... middle of paper...
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...Sabrina Smith Steve Stewart ENG 1101 – Composition and Rhetoric (21163) 14 November 2015 Analysis of Paul Grayson and Phil Meilman’s “Guns and Student Safety” Thesis: Guns should not be allowed on college campuses to keep suicide, homicide, and accidental death rates down. I. College students are roughly half as likely to kill themselves. a. Grayson and Meilman states that depressed students are less likely to commit suicide if they only have access to razors and pills (Grayson & Meilman, 2013). b. College students who are suicidal may be able to get the help they need instead of having easy access to handguns. c. Having handguns make it easier for depressed or suicidal students to end their misery. II. College campus homicide rate will rise significantly if students had easy access to handguns. d. There are many angry students who may want to pointlessly kill their peers (Grayson & Meilman, 2013). e. Troubled students who may want to retaliate can easily do so if they had CHL (concealed handgun licenses). f. Mentally ill students are also individuals that we have to pay more attention to if the ban on guns in school is lifted. III. The rate of accidental deaths are higher than college mass shooting rates (Grayson & Meilman, 2013). g. College students may be more careless when “showing” their handgun off to fellow classmates which could end up in an accidental shooting. h. There are many students...
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...TNReady Argumentation Turtles and tortoises are becoming roadkill everyday. We need build wildlife crossings to protect them. It is our job to come up with a very effective way to protect them. In ““If you build it they will come” fails for turtle crossings” by Sarah Zelinski, it talks about how they tried to build fences to keep the turtles off the road. They failed because they managed to get through the fence due to “rips, holes, and washouts.” “The number of reptiles on the roadway near the ecopassages actually increased after they were put in place, resulting in lots of dead snakes and turtles.” They need to build better quality fences to have a more effective approach. In “Tortoise Underpass” from the U.S. Department of Transportation...
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...Why I Pursued my MBA February 8, 2010 MGT/521 Richard Bowman In choosing to pursue my masters in business management (MBA) I never imagined the journey that was ahead of me. The choice to earn my MBA was strictly goal orientated. To stay on task and be focused, I had to set smaller and more attainable goals to help prepare for the end of my journey. When deciding to obtain my MBA it was understandable that there were going to be several obstacles in my way. I found it was easier to start the journey with smaller obtainable units that would reward and keep me focused on the end of the journey and the prize. The journey of obtaining my MBA has been enlightening, revealing and harder than any one person could have ever described. I have had to be driven to achieve my goal for an education. My desire, my determination, obtainable goals, mentors and support have all helped keep me on the road to the prize. Personality tests can be a useful tool to show attributes, preferences, weaknesses and can assist a person or give them a better insight as to this person’s behavior or work style. Personality tests can incorrectly label a person or incorrectly categorize a person. After taking the Jungian 16-Type Personality tests, it was surprising to find that some of the analysis such as defining me as a Type A personality was dead on. The personality tests viewed me as ENFP which was a shock to me. The description and job suggestions matched were nothing...
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...Social Media vs. Freedom of Speech Since the Bill of Rights was ratified in 1791, freedom of speech has been a hallmark of American democracy and freedom. Obviously the U.S. in 2014 is a radically different place from the nation the Founders knew. Yet, the U.S. is governed essentially by the same Constitution adopted in 1787. There have been times when our freedom of speech was tested. The Alien and Sedition Act of 1790 prevented writing against the government and newspapers were censored during the Civil War, but these were later struck down in favor of freedom of speech. The lines seemed fairly well drawn until 10 years ago when people could express themselves freely, publicly, and privately if it was not slander. The growth and scope of social media has challenged this. To remain true to our democratic fathers, there must be a stand against denials of free speech and the ability to express opinions on all manner of subjects. In the early 2000’s employers began to look at employees posts online and to fire or not hire because of what was said in a private chat. There has always been bullying especially in the teen years. Young people who were harassed could go home and escape the taunts. They were safe until school the next day. Since the advent of social media, there is not even a safe haven at home or on holiday or at night. Text messaging, tweets, and facebook are invasive every minute of the day. There is no escape for the bullied child. Some teens have been unable...
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...Marchidan Andreea CRP, anul 2, grupa a II-a Tehnici de argumentare Analizati urmatorul mesaj din perspectiva celor 6 functii ale lui Jackobson: “Vitamine si fier, va oferim cel mai frumos complex al verii. Asta e, vara se apropie! Vitrinele cu tinute lejere, costume de baie in culori stralucitoare, totul va vorbeste despre vara. Daca vara asta sunteti hotarata sa etalati pe plaja o silueta tonica si in plina forma, Special K este partenerul dumneavoastra cel mai bun! Pentru a combina silueta cu placerea, micul-dejun, Special K e redus in calorii. Si pentru vitalitate, Special K sunt cereale bogate in proteine care va asigura cel putin 50% din aportul zilnic recomandat de vitaminaB, C, fier. Atunci ce mai asteptati ca sa va traiti poftele de vara cu Special K? Vara trebuie sa fie perfecta pentru voi, urmati silueta Special K. Acest mesaj respecta modelul AIDA, deoarece gasim cele patru elemente. Se atrage atentia prin prima propozitie, oamenii fiind atrasi de complexul verii de care se pomeneste in reclama. Se mentine interesesul prin faptul ca mesajul doreste sa ii faca pe comparator sa fie convins de faptul ca va avea tinute lejere, costume de baie cu care sa se expuna, daca consuma acest produs. Se sucita dorinta prin faptul ca se spune ca daca consume aceste cereale ai 50% din aportul zilnic de vitamine si ca poti obtine si o silueta de invidiat. De asemenea receptorul este impins sa actioneze in consecinta avand in vedere ca prin Special K poate avea...
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...Classical Principles of Argumentation In the essay “Reminders of Poverty, Soon Forgotten” the author Alexander Keyssar uses classical principles of argumentation. He uses ethos, which is the character of the speaker; he uses logos, which is an appeal based on logic or reason; and he uses pathos, which is an appeal based on emotions. His piece is over poverty and what came from Hurricane Katrina and the aftermath for the people. He also discusses what other events in history have contributed to poverty, and how nothing is being done about it by the government. He begins in part 1 using pathos, “ There they were on our television screens, the storm’s most desperate victims- disproportionately poor and black, wading through muddy water, carrying children and plastic bags containing a few meager possessions.” This was his view of the people that were left in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. In part 6 of his work, “But there is no crescendo of national public opinion about the presence of millions of poor people in our midst, and President Bush has not announced the creation of a national task force to combat poverty.” This part to me shows that he is not happy with what President Bush has not done for the people that are battling poverty. Part 9, “Poverty, however, is not a technical issue, but a deep, structural problem that implicates our values, our economic institutions, and our conception of the proper role of the state.” This shows his views on what poverty is. This...
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...ID: 5681093 EC2 Section 15 Instructor: Nicholas Ferriman Argumentation Paper Thailand: from the outside Thai Sex Tourism: Are the Prostitutes to be blamed? “Unseen Paradise”, the promotion slogan entitled by the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) in 2004, intended to promote the resorts that are not spoiled by tourism. Entering to its website, finds the picture of Thai women -- whose back is smeared with mud -- looking over her shoulders at the painting of the topless Thai dancers (Johnson, 2007). This is where the heated debate arises, the caption beneath it says: “Heaven is now possible and right here within your grasp”. Because of the displaying picture that was supposed to be promoting Thai tourism, is rather seen as a provocative image. Foreign travellers view and perceive it as a selling of the commercialized sex, and see Thailand as the sex-offer country. The picture even increases the international reputation of Thailand as a “Brothel of the world”. A number of international tourists -- especially male -- visiting Thailand as they are , apart from other reasons, motivated by sexual services that are available at their hand in bargained-price (Hall, 1996). Normally, sex workers are the most focused medium in this industry. Many people condemn and marginalise them. They also claim that prostitutes are solely responsible for the worldwide fame -- or rather shame -- for the sex industry establishment of Thailand. However, the opposition asserts that, for the sex...
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...[pic] PCR0025 Critical Thinking All Foundation ONLINE NOTES Topic 3: Argumentation • Argument is a claim put forward and defended with reasons. • Arguments are composed of: 1. Premises 2. Conclusion • Statement: A sentence that can sensibly be regarded as either true or false. • 2 things about statements: 1. A sentence may be used to express more than one statement. 2. Not all sentences are statements. 3. Consider the CONTEXT in which particular expression is used. Identifying Premises and Conclusions 1. Premise indicators • Since, for, seeing that, in view of the fact that, because, given that, being that, as, as indicated by. 2. Conclusion indicators • Therefore, hence, so, it follows that, that is why, wherefore, as a result, suggests that, thus, consequently, accordingly, for this reason, which shows that, implies that, we may infer that, proves that. • 2 types of arguments: 1. Simple 2. Complex • 5 types of nonarguments: 1. Reports 2. Unsupported statements of belief and opinion 3. Conditional statements 4. Illustrations 5. Explanations Reports • To convey information about a subject, not to offer reasons why one statement should be accepted on the basis of others. Unsupported statements of belief/opinion • No claim that these statements follow from or imply any other statements...
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...Assignment: Bias, Rhetorical Devices, and Argumentation Assignment: Bias, Rhetorical Devices, and Argumentation The” Citizen Kane” speech given by Charles Foster Kane in 1941 campaigning for Governor is full of bias. The bias starts from the very beginning of his speech by addressing his audience, attacking his opponent by using various fallacies of incorrect argument. First he begins with attacking “boss Jim W. Getty and his political machine” one example or another, where he is saying “There is only one man who can rid the politics of this State of the evil domination of Boss Jim Getty’s.” The tactics that are used here are for the reason of making himself to look better and stronger, in his point of views and political plan. This fallacy is called scapegoating, when you putting the blame for the problems on the opponent’s convictions and building confidence in the listeners. Kane in this example also uses Ad Hominen, which is where the candidate is verbally attacking his opponent rather than the argument. There is an example of gender and age bias: “The working man and the slum child know they can expect my best efforts in their interests.” Kane is indicating that men are the only ones working and that all the children are slum. Kane makes a statement about “the decent, ordinary citizens know that I’ll do everything in my power to protect the underprivileged, the underpaid, and the underfed.” In my opinion I believe, that this could be a begging the question...
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