...Connor Hyde To what extent can the mass murder in The Ottoman empire be considered a genocide or a civil war? The Armenian genocide took place from the year 1915 – 1918 during which the Armenians in the ottoman empire were killed. The events of the massacre fit the definition of a genocide and also follow all 8 stages of a genocide. Victims were classified, targeted and killed. The Armenians were targeted by the Muslims and the Turkish government. However, the current and previous Turkish government still deny that the event was a genocide and refuse to label it as one. The Armenian massacre was a genocide in the sense that it fits the definition of a genocide as stated by Raphael Lemkin. Lemkin defines genocide as the any of the following...
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...Armenian Genocide 1. Armenia was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire and they were mostly Muslim. Christians had fewer political and legal rights compared to the Muslims, but Armenia was still successful. Turkey did not like the success, and in 1908, a new government came to rule Turkey, called the “Young Turks.” The Young Turks wanted to get rid of the Armenian population, which were Muslim and Christian, and make another government, so the genocide started on April 24, 1915. The Young Turks wanted to “Turkify” the Ottoman Empire. 2. The Armenian Genocide involved the Ottoman Empire and the Young Turks (who were trying to eliminate the Ottoman Empire). The genocide also involved the Allied Powers (Great Britain, France, and Russia), and the United States. The Allied Powers warned the Young Turks that they would be responsible for this crime to kill the Ottomans. The United States’ citizens did know about the genocide, and there was a strong outcry, but these four countries did not really do anything. 3. The genocide fighting stopped in the September of 1918. The Treaty of Sevres was made so the Central Powers could sign to show defeat of WWI. It also marked the beginning of the total annihilation of the Ottoman Empire, and that all non-Turkish land that...
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...Armenian Genocide In 1915 leaders of the Turkish gov’t set in motion a plan to expel and massacre Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire. From April 24th 1915 - 1917 the Turkish gov’t committed a genocide towards the Armenian population. The Armenian population was mainly Christian and the Turkish gov’t was Muslim. The Turkish gov’t committed this because they believed in religious purity. The Armenians were forced to pay higher taxes than muslims and they also had less political and legal rights. The Turkish gov’t became kidnapping children, forcing children to convert to Islam, women were raped, the children were given to Turkish families and served them as slaves. By the early 1920s when the massacres and deportations ended about 1.5...
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...Over one and a half million Armenians were killed by Turks in 1915. On April 24th, 1915, the Turkish government arrested and executed thousands of Armenian intellectuals from historical Armenia (Eastern Turkey). After that Armenians were driven out of their homes and sent on deadly marches while walking under the sun in dessert with no food and water until they dropped down dead. Whoever stopped to rest was shot. Some Armenians were fortunate to escape from those deadly tortures, which is why Armenians are spread all over the globe today. First, it is important to note the emergence of the legal notion of “crimes against humanity” arising from the Armenian Genocide, the Legal Qualifications of the Armenian Case as Genocide and its implications...
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...Armenian Genocides Prashanth P. Samuel Professor Hicks History 116 The Ottoman Empire was a very powerful and influential force in the world during the early 19th century. As the empire was predominantly of Turkish decent, other minority groups started growing within the empire. Eventually it came to a period where the Ottoman Empire felt these minority groups such as the Armenians, Greeks, as well as the Assyrians were becoming to strong and felt they were threating the empire therefore they were persecuted and the mass killings of the Armenian people being. The purpose of this paper is to dive into the times of the Armenian genocides before during and after the April 24th 1915 genocide attacks on the Armenian people. The various sources and references used in this paper will explain the various situations the Armenian people faced and how this has correlated to other world events at the time and how this has affected Armenian people for generations to come. The first part which we will look at is determining if the mass killings of the Armenian people is considered genocide or not as the people of Turkey time and time again failed to recognize that it was genocide. The genocide convention in 1948 defined the word “genocide” as an incident which involves a significant number of dead, as similar to the number of dead during the 1915-1916 era. “On 12 March 2010, the Swedish Riksdag recognized the 1915 Genocide in Ottoman Turkey” (Avedian). As the Swedish have stated that...
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...Response Paper # 2 Many families who are living in the United States today have come here because they wanted to be in a country where they can have a safer and stable life. Through all the good and bad that many cultures have faced, as they have come into the United States, they have seen better improvement in their positionality. My family went through a major cultural change when they moved to Los Angeles in 1989. The main reason why they moved to Los Angeles was the fact that the Soviet Union was in control of Armenia, which made their lives even harder by not having a say in many things and no independence. They were living in a household with about eight people and it was just so hard to find any kind of stable job to maintain a family. Many of my father’s cousins were moving to Los Angeles at the time and they would all tell him that it was the place of opportunities and that living in the United States would make life easier. My family moved to Hollywood, Ca in 1989 because during this time all of our family members were living in this city and we all wanted to live near each other, thus Hollywood became our segregated cultural space. I am so privileged that my family decided to move to California many years ago because I have many cousins in Armenia who are living a hard life in Armenia, since there is no work. On Armenian channel, I always see many poor people who live in broken down homes and when I look back at the life I am living today, I couldn’t be any more...
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...Global Community Failure to Eradicate Genocide Name: Course: Tutor: Date: Abstract When it comes to global criminology, the subject is fatal in the sense of reprisals accustomed to it. In any case, international criminal activities are largely based geopolitical factors rather than the genuine purpose of ending human to human barbarism. This paper will attempt to prove that ‘global community’ commitment to end genocide events is categorically challenged by lack of sufficient devotion to ‘the pledge’ to eradicate the vice. The paper is structured into three main parts and one secondary part. The background will attempt to examine the scholarly effort attempting to relate the basis of global community pledge and the general act of genocide. A further sub category of this part will introduce the role played by United Nations in minimizing genocide. The second section will be substantial in analyzing past genocide events; courtesy of three relevant examples, Cambodia, Sri Lanka and Rwanda. In this section, the document will examine the various roles played by United Nations in fueling the genocide. The third section will examine 21 century events, and how United Nations has chosen a back player in preventing the occurrences of these genocides. The secondary section will attempt to examine the role played by International Criminal Court and how it has been challenged in limiting genocide events. Background Research has attempted relate the end of the holocaust and the emergence...
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...military operations related to peacekeeping and peace enforcement. Foreign policy of the European Union has a history of about two decades during which the EU has managed to overcome the characterization of “political dwarf” and became one of the key centers of global politics. In this dynamic world where everything is changing so fast, the development of foreign policy of the European Union acquires excessive actuality. While talking about the EU, it is necessary to mention the fact that in the relations between different countries the it always tends to be in the dominant position and is trying to be one of the global political actors. That is why this topic is very actual. I am focusing on my paper from the analytical point of view. My research paper consists of three parts. The first part is dedicated to the formation of the EU. I’ll speak about the enlargement processes, especially the fifth enlargement identifying its positive and negative aspects. In the second part the main stress is placed on the development of the EU. Here is going to be examined the candidate countries, Turkey’s integration perspectives. The third part is about relations with NATO. In the last part of this chapter is spoken about the “Eastern Partnership” which is considered to be one of the elements of the European politics. Here are examined the relations between the Republic of Armenia and the EU within the framework of this partnership. Then, in conclusion...
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...THE TURKISH REPUBLIC CAG UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ECONOMIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THE NEW ERA IN TURKISH FOREIG POLICY: A MULTI- DIMENSIONAL TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY Erhan KAYA SEMINARY THESIS ADVISER PROF. DR. ALI ENGIN OBA YENICE-MERSIN/2011 Approval of the Graduate School of Economic and Administrative Sciences ________________ Prof. Dr. Ali Engin Oba Adviser I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. ________________ Prof. Dr. Esat Arslan Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Esat Arslan ________________ Prof. Dr. Ali Engin Oba ________________ I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all materials and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name: Erhan Kaya Signature: I would like to thank Professor...
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...National Integration and Tolerance in Georgia Introduction About this report This report draws on the results of a sociological survey, desk research, media monitoring and focus group meetings conducted in Georgia in 2006. It provides a review of the legislative framework governing the protection of persons belonging to national minorities in Georgia. It also analyses public perceptions that affect the life of these persons in Georgia as a whole and more specifically in areas where persons belonging to national minorities live in large numbers. The report was prepared in the framework of the National Integration and Tolerance in Georgia Program (NITG) by the research group of the implementing agency – the United Nations Association of Georgia (UNAG), Institute of Social Researchers (ISR) and BCG Research sociological agencies and was supported through consultation and training by the Freedom House. Purpose and Context of the Report NITG program is supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The overall goal of the program is to elaborate a National Integration Strategy and Action Plan (NISAP) on national minorities through participatory approach, to ensure legitimacy, sustainability and sense of ownership towards the document among key stakeholders. Through this process, Georgia will test innovative policies and contribute to the development of best practices as a part of a legally compliant strategy document. The project also aims to build...
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...2009 > hot topics 69 TOPICS HOT L e g a L i s s u e s i n p L a i n L a n g u a g e This is the sixty-ninth in the series Hot Topics: legal issues in plain language, published by the Legal Information Access Centre (LIAC). Hot Topics aims to give an accessible introduction to an area of law that is the subject of change or public debate. International law 1 overview What is international law? – difference between international law and domestic law – Why do States obey international law? – subjects of international law – How do international law and domestic law interact? 4 sources of international law Jus cogens – international conventions and treaties – Australian treaty practice – custom – general principles of law – judicial decisions and writings of publicists – ‘hard law’ and ‘soft law’. 8 states What is a State? – rights of States – self-determination – creation and recognition of new States – case studies. AUTHOR NOTE: Jane Stratton currently leads corporate social responsibility programs in a leading Sydney law firm, teaches law students at a Sydney university and independently, undertakes community development projects in Western Sydney. Her work has included legal and policy roles in the Public Interest Advocacy Centre, the Australian Human Rights Commission, UN High Commission for Refugees and the ICTY. She has experience in litigious and political advocacy. Jane holds qualifications in law (Honours)...
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...Collapse- book is about a history topic about how societies choose to fail or survive. The main characters are historical people and unknown kings of Mayan cities or Easter Island villages. Jared Diamond tells the story of the Viking explorer Erik the Red, who discovered Greeland and Vinland (Terranova, in Canada). Another character is captain Olafsson, a norse sailor who wrote the last news about Greenland in 1410. Another main character is Christopher Columbus, who arrived at Hispaniola in 1492, but now this island is two countries, the Dominican Republic and the Haiti. Diamond studied the politics of two presidents. the dominican Rafael Trujillo, who protected the enviroment and the dictator François, Papa Doc, Duvalier, who decided on politics of deforestatation of his country, Haiti. The author considered the bad politics of another main character, king George II, who was interested in sending merinosheeps from Spain to Australia, an idea which was succesful from 1820 to 1950 but then the farmers understood their lands lost fertility. Another main character is Tokuwaga Jeayasu, a shogun of Japan in 1600, who prohibited Christianity in 1600 and protected his country againt deforestation. The book takes us to a lot of places around the globe: Mayan cities, Rwanda, Viking colonies of Vinland or Greenland, Haiti and Dominican Republic, Easter Island and Polynesian colonies in Pacific, and the Chaco villages in New Mexico (United States). The time period was from 800 AC, when...
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...STATUS OF MICRO FINANCE IN CLOMBIA (MD. IBRAHIM KHOLILULLAH, DEPT OF AG.FINANCE, BAU MOB: 01718996557) INTRODUCTION Microfinance is the provision of financial services, such as credit, savings, and insurance services, to those who are most likely to be denied access to the traditional banking system. A typical client for a microfinance institution (MFI) is a person too poor to pay usual bank fees for savings accounts or other services or to provide sufficient collateral to back loans. Microfinance aims to bring out the skills of the poor and allow them to propel themselves out of poverty through providing financial services with which they can protect assets and grow microenterprises. MFIs have developed many innovative financial products to offer their clients beyond credit, such as microsavings, money transfer vehicles, and microinsurance. Microfinance is a growing industry throughout the developing world and comprises commercial banks, regulated banks, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and nonprofit organizations (NPOs). With approximately 17 million impoverished, there is a large market for the microfinance industry to capture; yet, in Colombia, it is not nearly as well established as in neighboring countries. Peru and Bolivia, for example, are among the world’s most competitive and innovative microfinance markets (The World Factbook). A NOTE ABOUT COLOMBIA Capital and largest city | Bogotá, D.C 4°35′N 74°4′W | Official languages | Spanish | Recognised regional languages...
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...1TW press.princeton.edu all rights reserved library of congress cataloging-in-Publication data Bruckner, Pascal. [tyrannie de la pénitence. english] The tyranny of guilt: an essay on Western masochism / Pascal Bruckner; translated from the French by steven rendall. p. cm. includes index. isBn 978-0-691-14376-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. civilization, Western— 20th century. 2. civilization, Western—21st century. 3. international relations—Moral and ethical aspects. 4. Western countries—Foreign relations. 5. Western countries—intellectual life. 6. Guilt 7. self-hate (Psychology) 8. World politics. i. title. CB245.B7613 2010 909’.09821--dc22 2009032666 British library cataloging-in-Publication data is available cet ouvrage, publié dans le cadre d’un programme d’aide à la publication, bénéficie du soutien du Ministère des affaires étrangères et du service culturel de l’ambassade de France aux etats-unis. This work, published as part of a program of aid for publication, received support from the French Ministry of Foreign affairs and the cultural services of the French embassy in the united states. This book has been composed in Minion Pro Printed on acid-free paper. ∞ Printed in the united states of america 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NUMBER | TITLE | PAGE NUMBER | 1 | Introduction | 1 - 7 | 2 | Theoretical background of study | 8 - 21 | 3 | Analysis and Interpretation | 22 - 77 | 4 | Findings and suggestion | 77 - 82 | 5 | Conclusion | 83 | | Bibliography | vi - vii | | Annexure | viii - xi | LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO. | TITLE | PAGE NUMBER | 3.1 | Age of the respondent | 22 | 3.2 | Gender of the respondents | 24 | 3.3 | Educational qualification of the respondents | 26 | 3.4 | Occupational status of the respondents | 28 | 3.5 | Awareness on the procedure for using ATM | 30 | 3.6 | Receipt of proper guidelines from bank | 32 | 3.6.1 | Mode of receipt of guidelines | 34 | 3.6.2 | Instructions followed by customers | 36 | 3.6.3 | Requirement for more guidelines | 38 | 3.7 | Usage of ATM in a remote/suspicious area | 40 | 3.8 | Usage of ATM besides unknown person | 42 | 3.9 | Closing the entry door while using ATM | 44 | 3.10 | Lending the card or pin to stranger’s | 46 | 3.11 | Leave the ATM before cancelling or completing the transaction | 48 | 3.12 | Mention the pin in the card | 50 | 3.13 | Usage of ATM device while they suspect ATM device has been tampered | 52 | 3.14 | Inform the bank immediately about lost card | 54 | 3.15 | Checking of bank accounts regularly | 56 | 3.16 | Inform the bank immediately on finding of any unauthorized ATM transaction | 58 | 3.17 | Usage of ATM device with any old equipment...
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