...Introduction In this week’s paper, we will briefly discuss the motivation and how it impacts our work environments. In addition, we will discuss the different motivational strategies that affect productivity in our workplace. This brief synopsis will incorporate examples of the motivational theory in the workplace. According to Langton and Robbins, each theory can be divided into two categories; needs theories and process theories (Langton & Robbins, 2007). Each theory shows the differences that people have and how they can be applied to motivate the individual. Process theories include a broader portrayal which describes the procedures involved in motivating others. Lastly, we will discuss implied or forced motivation tactics within the workplace and how it affects the employee and management. What is motivation? According to Merriam Webster, the act or process of giving someone a reason for doing something: the act or process of motivating someone : The condition of being eager to act or work: the condition of being motivated : A force or influence that causes someone to do something. Motivation is a set of processes that inspire people to achieve their goal. Motivation, over all, is a drive that makes people pursue their aims and ambitions, and makes it possible for people to achieve them. In this report, we study the effects motivational theories have on the workforce. Byrne & Walsh, 2001, research on employee motivation...
Words: 1384 - Pages: 6
...Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive Dissonance or mental stress which is primarily caused by contradictory beliefs, can be a common part of some peoples life’s however we are psychologically motivated to avoid situations which cause mental stress. This paper will discuss a situation and the behavior using attribution theory, the reciprocal relationship between behavior and attitudes as well as how cognitive dissonance theory could be used to rationalize the behavior. Situation and Subsequent Behavior Richard is driving along a lonely road late at night after working late that day. He has a 4-year-old daughter who he has not spent much time with the entire week because of the long project that makes him work late. Similarly, he has not been having dinner with his family because he always gets home past dinner time. On this particular day, Richard leaves work a bit earlier in an attempt to get home early enough for dinner and so that he can also spend some time with his year old daughter. After driving on an almost clear road for a few miles, Richard notices little pools of blood along the road. He slows down his car and rolls down the window, as he tries to find out the source of the little pools of blood. After driving for a few meters, he notices a staggering middle-aged man who seems unstable and perhaps hurt. Richard slows down for a while, examines the staggering man from a distance; then he drives away after he remembers that his wife and daughter may be waiting for him...
Words: 1253 - Pages: 6
...学号: U260811407U 毕 业 论 文 [pic] |题 目： | | | |On the Disloyalty in Interpreting | |院 系： |外国语学院 | |专 业： |英语（语言文学方向） | |姓 名： |王鑫 | |指导教师： |张楠 | |完成日期： |2010 年4月9 日 | Abstract Interpreting is an important and challenging profession with a short history. At present, it has established its own status in the international community. By using their intelligence and effort, the interpreters have made great contribution to smooth the communication between people who speak different languages. With their talents and techniques, the interpreters help people to overcome language barriers and serve as a bridge in intercultural communication. It is not until 1980s that the research on interpreting has been carried out in China. Ever since the reform and opening-up policy, research work on translation...
Words: 9930 - Pages: 40
...Effects of Music In Advertising On Choice Behavior: A Classical Conditioning Approach C OMMERCIALS typically contain both product specific information and background features such as pleasant music, attractive colors, and humor. This paper examines the impact of the background features on product preferences. One experiment was conducted to determine whether background features of a commercial affected product preferences when only minimal product information was presented. A second experiment examined the relative importance of background features and product information in different situations. The impact of product information in a commercial on beliefs and attitudes would typically be interpreted within an information processing framework. It is suggested here that a classical conditioning framework could account for the potential impact of background features on product attitudes. Classical Gerald J. Gorn is a professor in the Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration, University of British Columbia. The author would like to thank the Institut D'administration des Entreprises, University AixMarseille, France, for its helpful assistance in formulating and pretesting the project. 9 4 / Journal of Marketing, Winter 1982 Do features like humor, sex, color, and music in a commercial merely increase our attention to product information in a message, or can they directly influence our attitudes? The results of an experiment using a classical...
Words: 2550 - Pages: 11
...Whereas school violence becomes more and more serious, violent games without close control from the government and families is one of the main reasons. Just because of a small contradiction, students can go straight to a fight, acting like some gangsters, and in the worst case, deathly accidents happen. Do violent games lead to violent behaviors? Do they have bad effects on children and society? Many people nowadays would reject those questions and provide various reasons to prove that violent games are good in general. If we take a look on both sides of the problem, video games are great products of entertainment technology that can bring some good effects, but in most of the cases, the bad effects infringe the good effects, especially for violent games, and that’s why we should limit children playing those by banning violent games for all minors in all states. Video games are great products of entertainment technology that can bring some good effects. After six long researches, a group of American scientists announced on Nature Reviews Neuroscience magazine that video games can create some positive influences on children’s social behaviors, increase particular skills for people. They can also become educational tools with images, or create positive...
Words: 2843 - Pages: 12
...Journal of Advertising, 42(1), 30–41 Copyright C 2013, American Academy of Advertising ISSN: 0091-3367 print / 1557-7805 online DOI: 10.1080/00913367.2012.749082 Humorous Threat Persuasion in Advertising: The Effects of Humor, Threat Intensity, and Issue Involvement Hye Jin Yoon Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA Spencer F. Tinkham University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA 2010) or ads that ridicule nonusers of the brand (Voss 2009), but these studies researched “humor types” and should be distinguished from humor effects studies in threat persuasion ads. By looking into both the humor and threat persuasion literature, we set out to understand how humorous threat persuasion works in advertising and for whom it may be most effective. Threat persuasion, otherwise known as fear appeal in advertising, deals with critical issues that might have negative consequences for the consumer or the public (e.g., health and environmental issues) (Freimuth et al. 1990). In the ad, threatening information presents the problem, and attitudinal or behavioral suggestions are given as solutions. Threat information is valuable in that it can help protect us from harm but is negative in valence and out of the ordinary in our daily lives. Such substantive yet negative and out-of-the-ordinary information is known to be unpleasant and cognitively arduous to process (e.g., Rozin and Royzman 2001; Schimmack 2005). When humor accompanies threat information, it can...
Words: 10093 - Pages: 41
...bi-racial relationship, Sara is Caucasian and in her early thirties and Amy is African American and in her late thirties. This couple has lived together for 1year and resides far away from both of their families of origin. Both are employed, however Sara recently lost a good paying corporate position and now maintains two lower paying jobs with longer hours. This couple is seeking counseling for Sara’s persistent lack of interest in sexual relations with her partner Amy. The purpose of this paper is to assess the sexual issues of this couple, analyze the dynamics of their relationship, develop a Multi-axial diagnostic impression and develop a counseling plan. In Section I, the paper will assess sexual issues involved in the selected case study. The integration of the sexual disorder with the sexual response cycle will be discussed. The paper will analyze and compare the sexual response cycle and the concept of sexual normality as applied to the case study. In Section II, the paper will assess the couple’s sexuality and discuss how sexual orientation issues can influence the sexual dysfunction and the overall dynamics of relationship. In Section III, a Multi-axial diagnostic impression will be developed to classify the sexual dysfunction and specify sexual problems associated with the sexual response cycle. A treatment plan will be created with measurable goals. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Section I: Assessment of Sexual Issues 4 Section II: The Dynamics...
Words: 4186 - Pages: 17
...This is a research paper on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in which it explains that the treatment of this mental condition goes beyond regular mental health treatment. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: The War at Home Regina N. Chance Kwoya Fagin, Professor ENG215 Research and Writing 7 August 2010 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Takes Special Medical Care The government is awesome at getting men ready for war, but they can’t quite get them back to civilian life and a humble heart. - JUNIOR ENLISTED MARINE, POST-IRAQ After we came back, many of us were only back in body. Our souls stayed over there. – ARMY COMBAT ENGINEER, POST-IRAQ Transition can mean the big picture of how a warrior has to try to adjust back into society, but the short term is very critical, from when a warrior leaves the battlefield to when they hit the streets at home. If there’s one thing I learned from my experiences, it was that there was no transition at all. –VIETNAM VETERAN Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has become the major medical issue with our soldiers returning from the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. For many soldiers, it is a badge of honor to have served but for most, it is a start to an endless battle of finding the courage to continue to serve or be labeled an unfit soldier for the military and useless to their family. PTSD affects not only the soldier’s way of life but the core of who the soldier is. For this...
Words: 2079 - Pages: 9
...are many different types of sexual dysfunctions. They are classified into four categories: sexual desire disorders, sexual arousal disorders, orgasmic disorders, and sexual pain disorders. The disorder I would like to touch on that affects both men and women sexual desire disorders. Female and Male Sexual Disorders The orgasmic disorder is split into two categories. The first category is the female orgasmic disorder. This disorder causes women a challenge to achieve orgasm if they can achieve it, but this does not always count for masturbation. Women with this disorder usually do not receive enough clitoral stimulation during sexual intercourse to be able to achieve orgasm. Performance anxiety or sexual guilt may provoke an outburst. Also, trying too hard causes the opposite. Another main problem women encounter is not participating to the fullest. They rather watch than engage when it comes to active sexual intercourse. Women can also experience premature ejaculation, but most of the times this is not even recognized or classified as orgasmic disorder. Types of sexual dysfunctions include hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, male erectile disorder, orgasmic disorder, and premature ejaculation. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder is a sexual dysfunction characterized by lack of interest in sexual activity. Female sexual arousal disorder is when a woman is having difficulty in becoming sexually aroused, as defined by vaginal...
Words: 2745 - Pages: 11
...standards. Sometimes these issues can be minor and dealt with appropriately, but in other cases these cultural differences can be monumental and cause different societies to wage wars against one another. The way that an individual judges or perceives other cultures beliefs and standards based on the guidelines of their own culture is what sociologist refer to as ethnocentrism and is what we are going to be looking at in further detail in this paper. There are many factors that contribute to the persistent societal disputes and disagreements that are forever occurring throughout the globe. There is a great divide that can be felt in regards to understanding and accepting each individual society; each one has its own unique culture and many individuals are not capable of viewing a culture different than their own without passing predisposed judgments and ideas that are typically instilled by their own culture. Ethnocentrism is a term that sociologists use to define this universally occurring unaccepting set of attitudes and behaviors. Ethnocentrism can be attributed to social evolution, local & foreign competition and can also be a result of cooperation with what is considered to be the in-groups and not the out-groups (Axelrod & Hammond, 2003). The main concept of ethnocentrism is individuals seeing their specific group or culture as being the in-group or the superior to the other cultures and the individuals that they are comprised of. Judging another culture by the...
Words: 2607 - Pages: 11
...EXPLICIT MEMORY: AN ACCESSIBILITY/DIAGNOSTICITY PERSPECTIVE Patti Williams The Wharton School University of Pennsylvania May 2000 Rough working draft. Please do not quote without author’s permission. Patti Williams is Assistant Professor of Marketing at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 1400 Steinberg/Dietrich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Thanks to Carol Scott, Jennifer Aaker, Bob Bjork, Gavan Fitzsimons, Debbie MacInnis and Don Morrison for their generous donations of time and support to my dissertation research, upon which this paper is based. Special thanks to Jennifer for her insight and editing skills in creating this version of the paper. This research was funded in part by the Procter and Gamble Marketing Innovation Fund. Particular thanks to Chris Allen for his efforts in facilitating my relationship with P & G. Abstract Emotional advertisements have a substantial impact on consumer attitudes, as well as upon purchase intentions. However, research on the influence of emotional appeals on memory has been somewhat mixed, with some researchers asserting that they result in poor consumer memory, while others argue that if tested properly, they have a substantial impact. The current research addresses these mixed results by relying on an accessibility/diagnosticity framework to explore the effect of emotions on consumer implicit and explicit memory. Explicit memory performance is characterized as relying upon both the accessibility of memory traces...
Words: 16702 - Pages: 67
...com/researchregister The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0956-4233.htm IJSIM 15,1 What drives consumers to shop online? A literature review ˜ ´ Tonita Perea y Monsuwe, Benedict G.C. Dellaert and Ko de Ruyter Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands Keywords Information media, Internet, Purchasing, Shopping Abstract While a large number of consumers in the US and Europe frequently shop on the Internet, research on what drives consumers to shop online has typically been fragmented. This paper therefore proposes a framework to increase researchers’ understanding of consumers’ attitudes toward online shopping and their intention to shop on the Internet. The framework uses the constructs of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a basis, extended by exogenous factors and applies it to the online shopping context. The review shows that attitudes toward online shopping and intention to shop online are not only affected by ease of use, usefulness, and enjoyment, but also by exogenous factors like consumer traits, situational factors, product characteristics, previous online shopping experiences, and trust in online shopping. 102 Introduction Despite the slowing penetration of regular Internet users, the number of consumers using the Internet to shop for consumer goods and services is still growing (Forrester Research, December 2001). Research from the GfK Group (2002) shows that the number of online...
Words: 9196 - Pages: 37
...Business and Management ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol 3, No.3 www.iiste.org Effective advertising and its influence on consumer buying behavior Zain-Ul-Abideen (Corresponding Author) Department of Management Sciences, Abbasia Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. E-mail: zuabideen@gmail.com Salman Saleem Department of Business Administration, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mail: salmankhan302@gmail.com Abstract Advertising is a form of communication intended to convince an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to purchase or take some action upon products, information, or services etc. This paper investigates the relationship between independent variables which are environmental response and emotional response with attitudinal and behavioral aspect of consumer buying behavior, by tapping the responses of 200 respondents using telecommunication services from Rawalpindi, Islamabad, and Lahore (cities of Pakistan). The major findings of the study demonstrate an overall normal association between the variables but in-depth analysis found that emotional response of consumer purchase behavior is the variable that results into strong association with the consumer buying behavior. It is true that people purchase those brands with which they are emotionally attached. This study reports new evidences in the field of consumer buying behavior of consumers pertaining to the local markets...
Words: 6082 - Pages: 25
...Research Method in Communication The effect of sexual scene in EX movie to Dasein and TAR college student from age 18 to 24 Lim Bee Yee DMC 102- 054 Suzie Lagis 1 August 2011 Content 1. Introduction 3 2. Background to Research 3 3. Problem Statement 4 4. Research Objective 4 5. Research Question 4-5 6. Significance of Research/ Contribution to the Body of Knowledge 5 7. Literature Review 6-8 8. Methodology 8-9 9. Finding 9-19 10. Discussion 19-20 11. Conclusion ...
Words: 3884 - Pages: 16
...myths about sexuality and older adults. Many relate the sexual intimacy barriers of older adults to health and argue that there is a relationship between sexuality and health. However, this paper argues that the physical and pathological changes in elderly should not be associated with the opportunity to enjoy and express sexual intimacy. This paper first briefly reviews the physical and physiological and environmental factors that influence the sexual expression of older adults. The paper then argues that older people can only express intimacy when they accept their feelings, values and attitudes toward sexuality. Finally, educational intervention on attitudes toward sexuality can help older adults express intimacy. The physical factors that influence the sexual expression of older adults are usually health related. Data suggest that approximately one quarter of elderly adult living in USA live with disability or illness that limits them from healthy sexual life and intimacy (Deacon, 1995). In other words, having poor health status can create barriers for older adults to remain sexually active. While, many chronic conditions in older adults such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, arthritis and visual and hearing impairment can influence their sexual activity, promoting healthy behaviors can help them overcome the barriers that prevent them from having a healthy sexual life. For example in his article, better sex for the older patients, Walbroehl...
Words: 1504 - Pages: 7
