...couples accomplish this by reproducing by sexual intercourse or naturally, but this is not always the case as some couples have trouble conceiving. Also, same sex couples and single women who may chose to have a child without a partner cannot reproduce this way, thus requiring alternate methods in order to conceive a child and reproduce. Artificial insemination is a process that doctors might suggest for couples who have trouble conceiving a biological child. The process requires that the husband’s, partner’s, or donor sperm be placed directly in the female’s reproductive tract. Donor sperm is used if the partner’s or husband’s sperm count is too low or in the case of same sex couples or single females trying to conceive without a partner (Baxamusa, 2011). The doctor monitors a woman’s ovulation cycle and once the best day is determined semen is placed directly on the reproductive tract and the waiting period begins to see if fertilization occurs. There are several procedures used to artificially inseminate a woman, two are most commonly used. One is the Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) method and the second the Intracervical Insemination (ICI) method. The most common and least expensive is the IUI procedure where sperm is fed directly into the uterus through the use of a catheter. The female is then asked to rest by laying down for 15 minutes or so as this may assist in the...
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...These families consist of single parents and also same sex couples. With same sex relationships, a third party has to be involved, which could be either a surrogate mother or a male donor. Unfortunately, there are still many people in society that are homophobic. Lesbian co-mothers are growing in population. ART has contributed to a significant increase in the number of lesbian and gay individuals choosing to raise children. Most lesbian couples obtain a child from either a past heterosexual relationship or by alternative insemination where the child then has two mothers and a male donor. People within society are concerned about this because it is not a traditional type of family. They feel that a child should have both a male and female figure represented in a family to make an ideal environment. Gay couples also have a hard time involving ART and children. One reason for this is because gay male couples have to go through both artificial insemination and surrogacy laws. The way that this usually works is that a gay male couple will find a woman who is willing to be a surrogate mother. The woman is artificially inseminated with semen from one of the two males and delivers the baby to the couple after the birth. One of the major problems with this procedure is that surrogate mothers can change their minds after birth and keep the baby. Contracts between the adults are not valid. Law and social practice feel that women that are bearing the child have an overly close connection...
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...Sperm Bank Responsibility I am not a believer on sperm banks or artificial insemination. But for some people that can’t have children or the lesbians in the world that want to have a child and be able to carry a pregnancy for 9 months. Sperm responsibility should be taken with consideration because it can be dangerous if not handled correctly due to the fact that if it were to get too spilled out somewhere or not inserted correctly then it was a waste of time for the buyer. Selecting a correct donor is up to the buyer and or the couple selecting the donor’s sperm, they might be looking for different things about the person; for example is the donor athletic or are they tall and skinny or their race. I wouldn’t want to be a sperm donor then I would want to be able to communicate with the new parents and the child but in the sperm bank industry that never happens unless it is approved by the buyer. I think sperm banks are waste of time because what woman wouldn’t want to feel the pleasure of sex and love making and that deep connection they would have if they were with someone they love. There’s always the risk for diseases and cancer from the donor, or other aspects that might come up and then the donor might be held accountable. But once the buyer makes the deposit inside of her than it’s up to her and her partner on how to take care of the child. I believe if that if anything happens to the child that they tell the donor because that sperm is part of the donor and that...
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...Surrogacy and its Types * Necessity for Surrogacy * Hague Conference on Private International Law, March 2011 * National Guidelines for Accreditation, Supervision and Regulation of ART Clinics in India * The Assistive Reproductive Technology Regulation (Draft) Bill, 2010 * Socio Legal Issues * The Present Indian Scenario * International Perspective on Surrogacy * Conclusion * Bibliography Introductory Remarks The very word surrogate means “substitute”. That means a surrogate mother is the substitute for the genetic-biological mother. In common language, a surrogate mother is the person who is hired to bear a child, which she hands over to her employer at birth. According to the Artificial Reproductive Technique (ART) Guidelines:- Surrogacy is an “arrangement in which a woman agrees to a pregnancy, achieved through assisted reproductive technology, in which neither of the gametes belong to her or her husband, with the intention of carrying it to term and handing over the child to the person or persons for whom she is acting as surrogate; and a “surrogate mother” is a woman who agrees to have an embryo generated from the sperm of a man who is not her husband, and the ococyte for another woman implanted in her to carry the pregnancy to full term and deliver the child to its biological...
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...a bit harder until I came across this picture. Perhaps this picture I believe represents best of me. My heart beats for my family as reflected on the ECG graph. I am all that I am because of my family. Live and breath for my family. Work and play for my family. A family that I thought I would never have. And I believe I have a wonderful story to tell. Well to make it short, after 4 years of marriage with body clock ticking I conceived through artificial insemination and gave birth to a healthy and beautiful baby boy via caesarean section. Looking back to the days we were struggling to get pregnant I believe I had done everything. Literally everything. Gave up my physical therapy practice and even opportunity to work abroad. Done all lab test, took fertility pills and daily injections that all leads to fights with my husband ( mood swings brought bout hormonal pills ) gone to church daily in Baclaran and Quiapo. (I combine science and my faith ) and after our first attempt of insemination it was successful. It was a miracle. A blessing that I got pregnant. And while I was pregnant I lost my mother . I was resentful. I ask for a life and in turn a precious life was taken away from me . I was devastated and broken but my baby in my tummy kept me strong. And so I kept the faith. At age of 36 I had my son. The picture I choose also symbolizes that each heartbeats i had would represent hope and faith. Hope that it is never to late to want...
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...What is the stand of the Church regarding this issue? The controversial "Baby M"[1] case and the recent Vatican document on "respect for human life and its origins" has triggered many concerns among religious leaders regarding the ethical issues raised by the new reproductive methods and technologies. Because our understanding of the relationship between sex and procreation has been challenged by recent unforeseen methods of reproduction. Thus causing people who are eager to have children and have no hope other than these new methods and technologies forced theologians to re-examine traditional doctrines. God's standard for sexual morality has always been clear: As it has stated in Exodus 20:14 "Thou shalt not commit adultery”. Since the ancient times to modern times, God has commanded all of His people to stay pure and faithful before and after marriage. intimate relations are allowed only between a man and a woman who are legally and lawfully married. For that reason, intimate relations outside of marriage are out of the question. In order to stay pure, a person must refrain from committing adultery and fornication. This alone can prove that the act of surrogacy is a form of adultery even with the partner's consent since one of the couple is to be unified with a person outside of their marriage. The Catholic Church demonstrates that Human Life, from the beginning of conception to the oldest adult - is an unique "Gift from God" - made in His own image and likeness...
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...Intro to Sociology Article Assignment 2 This article is nearly impossible to read without looking at things through the sociological perspective. Social patterns are changing rapidly and in this article, it is technology that is the main driving factor. A New York based company named “Genepeeks” will begin offering DNA screening for sperm donors before inducing a pregnancy. The screening would match the DNA of the potential father and mother together to see how the two combine. With the results of the screening, scientists can then look for DNA matches with a higher risk of rare recessive paediatric conditions. This new process goes a step further than current services that are already provided. Current services simply screen one or both parents’ genes to see if they would be considered a carrier for disease when combined with similar variants. Genepeeks advances this technology by computer simulating 10,000 hypothetical children and looking for actual disease rather than just carrier status. Anne Morris is a co-founder of Genepeeks. Anne was motivated to find this company because she gave birth to a child via sperm donation and her child inherited a disorder called MCAAD. Her child is still able is able to lead a normal life but she realizes that about 30% of children with rare genetic diseases don’t make it past age 5. Questions of ethics began to arise right away but she assured that the screening was simply for genetic diseases and not for outward appearance of the...
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...I. INTRODUCTION The breakthrough discoveries in the field of assisted reproduction have brought new lights in the society. However, some of these discoveries evoked controversial issues. One of the controversial issues that received tremendous feedback is surrogate motherhood. As many couples fail to bear any child due to infertility, various alternatives appears to realize their dream of parenthood. One of the popular alternatives is surrogate motherhood. To begin with, the word “surrogate” means substitute. Surrogate motherhood is a term referred to an arrangement in which a woman becomes pregnant for the sole purpose of having a child that another couple will raise. This discovery causes to wake up each and everyone's mind. It also gave birth to the undying rivalry between pros and cons. Surrogacy is entitled with issues and controversies. It also left questions to our mind. Who really suffered and benefited with this? Other debates include moral and ethical questions. Does surrogacy go against natural selection, and is the burden it will cause to the children, the parents, and the surrogate mother, worth it? Some people believe that if an individual does not have the ability of reproduction, it should be selected, and technology should not be used to alter God’s plan. Surrogacy provides some couples with their only hope of raising a child genetically related to at least one of them. They believe that everyone should be given the chance to have a family, and if the surrogate...
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...Surrogacy is when another woman carries and gives birth to a child for another individual. Though it can be an emotionally intense and legally complex arrangement, it is growing in popularity among parents as a way of having children. Having another woman bear a child for a couple to raise, usually with the male half of the couple as the genetic father, is referred to in antiquity. Babylonian law and custom allowed this practice and infertile woman could use the practice to avoid a divorce, which would otherwise be inevitable. One well-known example is the Biblical story of Sarah and Abraham, a nomadic Hebrew couple unable to conceive. Sarah offered her Egyptian slave Hagar as a surrogate, but later drove her away from the camp when Hagar became impudent during pregnancy. Hagar fled to Egypt, where an angel told her that her son Ishmael would become a leader amongst the Hebrews; she subsequently returned to Sarah and Abraham. Surrogacy requires a lot of time, money and patience to succeed, whether it's carried out privately or through an agency. But it can bring happiness to all concerned if the medical, legal, financial and emotional aspects are properly considered. Why choose surrogacy Someone may choose surrogacy if one can't carry a pregnancy, perhaps because: * Have had recurrent miscarriages. * Have a health condition which makes pregnancy and birth dangerous. * Uterus (womb) is abnormal or absent, whether since birth or after a hysterectomy. *...
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...Summer Internship Report My first summer internship, it was really interesting. While doing this internship I learned a lot, met a lot of lovely people and for a fact I enjoyed my summer vacations. I did my internship at an NGO named CONSUMERS INDIA. My internship was a 6 weeks internship in which we had to go for 4 weeks and the next 2 weeks i had to do online research work. I’ll just give brief information about the NGO- Consumers India is a non-profit organization set up by former officers of Department of Consumer Affairs and other senior officers of Government of India, with a view to use their knowledge and experience for the benefit of consumers. The organization was registered on 18.05.2007 under Societies Registration Act, 1860. It is also registered under Sections 12A read with section 12AA and 80 G (5) (vi) of Income Tax Act, 1961. The Department of Consumers Affairs in Govt. of India has permitted it to use the name ‘Consumers India’ under “Emblems and Names Act, 1950”. Consumers India has taken up several important campaigns with a view to safeguard interests of large number of consumers. Some of them relate to ‘Unethical Medical Practices’, ‘Misleading Advertising’, ‘Ageing with Dignity’, ‘Access to Affordable Medicines’, ‘End criminalization of Politics', ‘Justice for all…Just Now’, ‘I am a city changer’, ’Right to Information, ‘Junk the junk food’ etc. Catalyzing the energy of youth through Internship Programme and All-India Painting/Slogan/On-line...
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...In Oct 2008, the Supreme Court ruled that "commercial surrogacy is legal and an industry in India", making it a legally protected and viable option for international couples. Named the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill, 2013, it seeks to address issues like how many pregnancies can be allowed for a surrogate mother, the age of the mother and due compensation to be paid to her. "The issues addressed in the bill are compensation, informed consent and health of the women involved,” He said that the bill might also provide a punishment framework for violators. The bill will also provide a framework for letting foreigners use Indian surrogate mothers. Surrogacy in India has always been a controversial subject with activists blaming foreigners for exploiting poor women. In 2012, an Australian couple left behind one of the twins born to an Indian surrogate mother because they could not afford to bring up two children back home. The Indian case happened about two years ago and echoes the recent case of baby Gammy, who was born in Thailand to a surrogate mother and whose Australian parents only brought back his twin sister. In the Landmark case Baby Manji Yamada v. Union of India, a Japanese couple, Dr. Ikufumi Yamada and his wife, wished to have a baby and entered into a surrogacy contract with an Indian woman in Anand, a city in the state of Gujarat where this practice was pioneered. The couple went through matrimonial discord but the father still insisted on having...
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...Baby Mama 1 hour 39 minutes Rated: PG-13 Genre: Comedy Released: April 25, 2008 Directed by Michael McCullers Distributor: Universal Studios Technology is defined in the dictionary as “the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment.” Technology has maneuvered its way into the world’s simplest form of living, and has even presented itself in the genre of films writings as well. Today not only is technology used in the production of these films, but in many cases it has made itself part of the plot. Film writers have amplified, stretched, or even created many types of technology to draw their plot lines around, and the movie Baby Mama does just that. Baby Mama is a film that presents something as serious as reproduction and the technologies involved in that, and make it hilarious and understandable to your average audience. Baby mama is a romantic comedy film released in 2008. It was written and directed by first time director Michael McCullers, staring Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, and Greg Kinnear. The main character in the film is Tina Fey’s character, Kate. Kate is an intelligent single 37 year old woman who’s desperately looking to have a child. She attempts adoption but fails due to the fact that she is a single mother. She then picks a sperm donor and tries in-vitro fertilization nine times but does not manage to get pregnant; she finds out that her chances of conceiving...
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...Assisted Reproduction Richard Grogoza Grand Canyon University Ethics for Health Care Professionals HLT 312V Professor Paula Janine Duistermars March 31, 2013 Assisted Reproduction Assisted reproduction is an area that requires much thought. Who should be able to receive this assistance to who pays for it in the case of those receiving public funds. The ethical question as to whether a mother should be made to agree to “selective reduction,” or in common terms abort a fetus or fetuses in the case of multiple eggs that become fertilized needs to be addressed and answered. There are several ethical dilemmas that arise when dealing with donating eggs or sperm, as well as with surrogate pregnancies. Those in the low income bracket are susceptible to being exploited by the idea they can make money by donating their eggs. A woman willing to donate her eggs needs to be informed of the dangers associated with this process, such as; it is time consuming and requires a commitment to follow through with the process. Once the process is started the donor must give themselves daily injections of one of various medications that temporarily shut down their ovaries. These medications come with side effects that the donor may not be informed of. Ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome is another danger in which in some cases can lead to kidney failure and even death. The egg harvesting procedure is invasive surgical procedure in which there is a risk of injury to the bladder, bowel...
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...[pic] ELC 093 : TERM PAPER “SURROGACY SHOULD BE PROHIBITED WORLDWIDE” MAIZATUL AQIDAH BINTI SABARUDDIN (2015838224) SITI NAJIHAH BINTI MOHAMED HUZAINI (2015858408) LECTURER’S NAME : SIR AHMAD KHAIRULHAZIQ SURROGACY SHOULD BE PROHIBITED WORLDWIDE According to Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985 Chapter 49, the “surrogate mother” which means a woman who carries a child in pursuance of an agreement can either contribute her genetic material as well as her womb, her uterus, or she can contribute her uterus . There are two main types of surrogacy , gestational surrogacy and traditional surrogacy . Additionally, if the surrogate mother receives compensation beyond the reimbursement of medical and other reasonable expenses, the arrangement is called commercial surrogacy. There are three parties who use surrogacy, mothers who have other issues with their bodies that inhibit infertility, homosexuals and parents who are infertile . Surrogate parenting is highly controversial by its very nature. Nevertheless, surrogate parenting is attracting wide spread attention as a viable alternative for infertile couples intent on having a child. Thus, surrogacy should be prohibited worldwide to prevent from exploitation of women, a form of child trafficking, violates the relationships between families and surrogates face difficult emotional and psychological issues . However, there are cases that support surrogacy. Sam Everingham is the founder of Surrogacy Australia and...
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...In taking the AI class this winter, there were many things that I learned that benefit me now and will benefit me in the future when I plan to take over the family operation. The most important thing that will benefit me is the proper way to prepare the semen for breeding. Even though I have experience in semen preparation, there were two major things that could play a huge role in the production of my herd. Prior to the class, I would flick the top of straw of semen to get all the semen to settle towards the bottom of the straw. Flicking the straw could break off the tails of the semen and affect the ability of the semen to fertilize an egg. This class taught me a downward spiraling motion to get the semen out of the clamped end of the straw. Changing this little thing could increase the probability of fertilization in every single cow that is bred. In the future, I will have a higher conception rate just because of this one little thing. The other thing I learned in preparing semen is to use AI tweezers to pull the straw of semen out of the container. Every time you touch the straws with your fingers it increases the temperature. Changing the temperature of the straws frequently will affect the semen. By using the tweezers, I can increase conception in my herd. These two things really stuck out to me because when I start breeding my own cows it won't matter how successful I was breeding a cow if the semen was damaging prior to breeding. Another benefit of this class, is the...
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