...were established, in times very different from the present, by men whose power of action upon things was insignificant in comparison with ours. But the amazing growth of our techniques, the adaptability and precision they have attained, the ideas and habits they are creating, make it a certainty that profound changes are impending in the ancient craft of the Beautiful. In all the arts there is a physical component which can no longer be considered or treated as it used to be, which cannot remain unaffected by our modern knowledge and power. For the last twenty years neither matter nor space nor time has been what it was from time immemorial. We must expect great innovations to transform the entire technique of the arts, thereby affecting artistic invention itself and perhaps even bringing about an amazing \change in our very notion of art.” Paul Valéry, Pièces sur L’Art, 1931 Le Conquete de l’ubiquite Preface When Marx undertook his critique of the capitalistic mode of production, this mode was in its infancy. Marx directed his efforts in such a way as to give them prognostic value. He went back to the basic conditions underlying capitalistic production and through his presentation showed what could be expected of capitalism in the future. The result was that one could expect it not only to exploit the proletariat with increasing intensity, but ultimately to create conditions which would make it possible to abolish capitalism itself. The transformation of the superstructure...
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... One of the most controversial aspects of teaching is dealing with the many differences between students in the classroom (Reynolds, 2011), then (West and Muijs, 2009) observes that there is a need for personalization in order to offer education that is tailored to the learner, within systems responsive to learners’ needs rather than expecting the learner to adapt to the existing systems within the school. In order to address the differences in learning abilities teachers find themselves using the term streaming. There are a number of definitions of streaming. To begin with the Oxford English dictionary defines streaming as the policy of dividing school students into groups of the same level of ability. Daniel Muijs (2011), also defines streaming as a procedure where by students are segregated into different classes according to ability within their school. Likewise, in www.cea.ace.ca/factsoneducation it has been elucidated that streaming or ‘’tracking’’ means that students are placed into groups defined by their ability levels. Streaming policy has been a bone of contention among teachers and policy makers for many years. Carole Faithorn (2003) lists some of the...
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...Chrystal Hemphill Dr. Kilpatrick ENG 500 10/12/2015 The Role of Knowledge and Preference in Literary Criticism Some argue that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, while others argue that there are scientific and social factors that contribute to a clear definition of beauty. The same type of argument comes into focus when one considers literature. Dictionary.com defines literature as “written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit,” but this brings into question how one is to judge whether a work has greater or enduring artistic value. This question is addressed in Plato’s Ion. In Ion, Plato addresses whether it is through experience and skill or through divine intervention that Ion judges the merit of works. Through an explication of the text, one can consider whether it is knowledge or preference that leads to determining value through literary criticism. The dialogue opens with Socrates speaking to Ion who is a rhapsodist, or a professional performer of epic poetry. The reader learns that Ion is a skilled rhapsodist as he has just won first place among competitors at the festival of Asclepius. It is upon this knowledge and skill that Ion bases his affinity for Homer. Ion makes the claim that Homer is a superior poet and because of this, Ion is better able to interpret his works as compared to his inability to interpret other poets’ works. When this claim is made, Socrates goes through a series of deductions in order...
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...1) What are the reasons consumers of music switched to digital? Streaming services pointed to the ability to discover new music, their free of charge tier of offerings and the ability to listen to music without needing to purchase individual songs. Majority of consumers who use pirate sites i.e. approximately 57% believe that there are good services available for legally accessing digital music. The significant factors which drive the popularity of downloads and streaming services. The first factor being Security and ‘ease of payment, the second being the guarantee that the service is legal and the third factor being the trust that the consumer has in the brand or company. 2) Can Spotify be profitable in the future? Yes, Spotify can be profitable in the future if * They pay less in royalties or perhaps pay less in record company advances * Watch the pennies very closely: If Spotify was dedicated or forced to pay its current royalty and distribution costs at the same level, then it is probably going to have to cut its spending elsewhere to become profitable. * Finally make free pay: Rather than cutting financial corners, it is most likely that Spotify will want to become a profitable company the hard way by raising its average revenue per user in future to the point that its large costs can’t hurt its bottom line. 3) Apple’s iTunes is the leading distribution of a copy of digital music which Spotify and Rhapsody are leaders in the streaming realm. Which distribution...
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...How Elizabeth Gilbert talks “Your elusive creative genius” The author of Eat, Pray, Love gives an incredibly inspiring description of creativity by employing various kinds of storytelling techniques. In order to illustrate her point on creativity that instead of the rare person “being” a genius, all of us “have” a genius, she gives four short anecdotes in her speech: two of herself and two of others. She starts with the fact that her book Eat, Pray, Love has recently become so successful worldwide that people around her begin to treat her like she’s doomed. Then she brings out how uncomfortable she is with the assumption that creativity and suffering are somehow inherently linked and that artistry, in the end, will always ultimately lead to anguish. Therefore, Elizabeth points out the central question of her speech: how to create some sort of protective psychological construct to help the great minds live and to help herself continue writing. Next she talks about how ancient Greece and ancient Rome regarded creativity not as something born within certain human beings, but as some kind of elf who would come out and invisibly assist the artist with their work and would shape the outcome of that work. This is the Eureka moment for her seeking! Furthermore, to support her point, she gives 3 examples of how this thought can actually help improve the mental condition of writers during their creative process. Especially the one about the difficult situation she encountered when she...
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...My entire childhood was devoted to gymnastics. At the age of nine I began taking weekly classes at a local gymnastics center. By the time I was ten I was asked to join the “blue stars team”. At my gym the blue stars team was essentially levels one through four combined. The blue stars team served as an opportunity for young gymnasts to test the waters and see if they could be successful in gymnastics. The main goal of the blue stars team was to learn all the skills needed to compete in a level five competition. These skills included a kip on the bars, a front handspring on the vault, a back walkover on the beam, and a double back handspring on the floor. I spent entire summer training in the gym to gain these skills. Each day I would enter the gym wide-eyed, eager to learn new skills. Upon entering fifth grade I was moved up to level five and competed in my first meet. This patterned continued for the next four years of my life; each summer I would train a higher level and then compete the level the following year. By eighth grade I was thriving as a level eight gymnast. However, through four years of gaining new skills I had lost my most important skill: my love for gymnastics. Gymnastics had engulfed each sector of my life. Each week I would spend forty hours training. Not only would I train at the gym, I would also do my homework there, eat dinner there, and shower there. By eighth grade my life seized to exist outside of the gym. It was not until the end of eighth grade...
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...Some people contend that mixed ability classes are more beneficial for children’s development than streaming them on the basis of judgement about their academic abilities. However, from my perspective, I disagree with this contention. Admittedly, mixed ability classes provide a better environment for children’s all-round development. In such classes, children with different abilities study together and in turn they can learn from one another. From example, a student, who is good at academic study but weak in dancing or painting, can learn how to dance or paint form his peers. In this sense, mixed ability classes allow students to develop their abilities in different subjects instead of only academic abilities. Despite the argument above, I believe streaming students brings more benefits to teachers and students. As for teachers, separating children with better academic abilities from others facilitates effective teaching. This practice helps teachers to control their students more conveniently and easily. Compared with mixed ability in which teacher should consider students’ differences when they are using teaching methodologies, streaming makes this situation simpler. To be more specific, students are at the same level of academic ability in a class, and in turn teachers can use the same methodologies for them all. In this way, the narrower the spread of ability in the class, the more convenient the teaching can be. On top of this, steaming enables students to learn in an...
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...never performing to his maximum potential at any point in his academic career. The labeling theory resonates with the idea of tracking of students in the education system. Tracking in American education typically involves grouping and labeling sets of students as low-performing, average, or high-performing. Based on several previous studies in addition to the research carried out by the authors of the paper, The Economics of Tracking in Education, it is apparent that tracking “increases inequality without boosting efficiency.” In particular, one researcher stated that when comparing students categorized in the “upper group” in schools that utilize ability tracking, they outperformed similar students in other schools that did not use tracking. However, the same researcher also found that the students grouped into the lower ability category in the same schools that...
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...The three concepts that will be discussed in this paper and were also heavily covered in the Applying Learning Theories course are behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. These three theories provide imperative methods for teaching students. Each concept will be applied to a story called, “Nathan the Gymnast”. The story is about a little boy named Nathan. Nathans’ gymnast abilities were uncovered at a young age and considered to be so profound that it came naturally. His inspiration to become a professional gymnast came through being exposed to the Olympics, thus convincing his parents to enroll him into the local gymnast training center. After attending gymnast training, his coach noticed his natural abilities and became eager to enroll him into competitions. So with Nathan’s parents’ approval and his personal determination he began competing. The only setback that Nathan displays is his weakness on a particular portion, which is the pommel horse. Nathan dislikes the pommel horse and therefore doesn’t give it proper practice time unless his parents strongly encourage him. Consequently, he performs well on all of the other areas except for the pommel horse. Oddly even after Nathan has participated in competing for a couple years now, he is still weak at the pommel horse. He wins medals for the other areas as he excels in them. His parents even brought him supplement instruction, a practice home version called the mushroom. In addition, to the video his father purchased...
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...Development of Naturalistic Style: Italian Painting Byzantine art was prominent from the 5th century up until the 14th century, extracting influence from ancient Greece. Although, in the early 14th century, the Italian artists began to break out of that style of art and began a new naturalistic style. From the 1300s and on, this new style began to spread its influence throughout Italy, while still retaining some traces of maniera greca .This transition from Greek style, seen in Bonaventura Berlinghieri’s work St. Francis ( Church of San Francesco of Pescia), of c. 1236, to a more naturalistic style used partly in Cimabue’s work Virgin and Child Enthroned ( Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence) of c. 1280, and more clearly and deliberately in Giotto’s Virgin and Child Enthroned ( Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence) of c. 1305-1310, seems to come to a halt, or even revert back to maniera greca, when we look at a work of art done in Russia in the early 16th century. This work of art is known as the Enthroned Mother of God with Saints (The Menil Collection, Houston). Maniera greca is used to describe art that is derived from ancient Greece. Some of the most common aesthetic qualities are deep contrasts of highlights and shadows, gilding, lack of naturalistic qualities, and the use of icons. One of the most popular examples of classic Byzantine style is the work done by Bonaventura Berlinghieri in 1236, St. Francis, which incorporates common aspects of maniera greca. Berlinghieri...
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...would complete in relation to that sport. One sport that there was a desire to do biomechanical research was Gymnastics. Gymnastics is a sport that incorporates full body movements, to better understand the body movements’ biomechanical studies are used. These studies allow for research to be done into how the body moves for a specific movement, then the movement can be optimized being able to improve a gymnasts skills. Also these biomechanical analyses can help understand the forces and loads that the gymnast’s body is enduring; this can lead to finding ways to reduce these loads and forces in hopes to prevent and injury. Gymnastics is complex a sport that incorporates physical agility, coordination, strength, flexibility, and artistic abilities. All of these attributes are judge through the gymnast’s routines for each event that they complete. The different events are specific to gender, males do one set of events while female complete another. Women complete 4 different events, these include: The Uneven Bars (UB) The Uneven Bars are an event that includes two wooden bars, each supported on either side of the bar. The two bars are set a distance apart, with one bar being at a higher height than the other. The Uneven Bars (UB) The Uneven Bars are an event that includes two wooden bars, each supported on either side of the bar. The two bars are set a distance apart, with one bar being at a higher height than the other. The Balance Beam (BB) The Balance Beam is an event...
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...consistently find that the lower rated employee had out preformed the higher rated employee, she would need to reevaluate using SSI assessment process. Beyond this she could use meta-analysis, a form of validity generalization that is gaining acceptance. This will allow her to gather data from individual studies that examine the results of assessment center successes. The purpose is to obtain statistical confirmation of results and conclusions. It is assumed that by using this instead of paying for a complete evaluation of SSI and each of their tests would save the company money. Vin Pomme does bring up a good point. Although assessment centers have higher success rate in predicting job performance than just personality and cognitive ability test, the increase is fairly small, and with room for error the cost may outweigh the slightly higher success rate. Pamplemousse could consider have the personality and cognitive test...
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...factors, confidence, intensity, focus, and emotions, are meaningless. To become the best athlete you can be, you must be motivated to do what it takes to maximize your ability and achieve your goals. Motivation, simply defined, is the ability to initiate and persist at a task. To perform your best, you must want to begin the process of developing as an athlete and you must be willing to maintain your efforts until you have achieved your goals. Motivation in sports is so important because you must be willing to work hard in the face of fatigue, boredom, pain, and the desire to do other things. Motivation will impact everything that influences your sports performance: physical conditioning, technical and tactical training, mental preparation, and general lifestyle including sleep, diet, school or work, and relationships. The reason motivation is so important is that it is the only contributor to sports performance over which you have control. There are three things that affect how well you perform. First, your ability, which includes your physical, technical, tactical, and mental capabilities. Because ability is something you are born with, you can't change your ability so it is outside of your control. Second, the difficulty of the competition influences performance. Contributors to difficulty include the ability of the opponent and external factors such as an "away game" crowd and weather such as temperature, wind, and sun. You have no control over these factors. Finally,...
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...Chinese Law The legal history of china started with the Tang Code that was invented around 619 AD to 906, it contained a structure of laws for punishments and crimes but this code was very much a militarist law code seeing the historical time of that era was militarist in nature. It has subsequently been developing and advancing the rules which were seen in the in the Qin Dynasty which was in 221-206 BC which gave in an insight into a structured and advanced legal system. China has culturally been at the centre of many western studies because so much of china has remained unknown to the rest of the western world. This was brought up subsequently studying Chinese law and being asked ‘what is china and what is your image and view of these people’. This question given by Mr Ken Shao showed the class that none of the students had any idea of what china really was. In one instance there was an image of a traditional family and on the other a communist militarist dictatorship, this was only because there was very little information on China and that China was very much the unknown to many countries. The history of China is shown to display that this country has been a highly progressive country within the scope of law but also being one of the slowest countries to implement Intellectual Property Law which has sparked an interest into where the progression in the legal system relating to Intellectual Property Law went into disrepute and the arrival of Intellectual Property Law within...
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...the ‘information superhighway’, world-wide telecommunications systems which permit the rapid, indeed virtually instantaneous transmission around the world, at times chosen as much by individual recipients as by transmitters, of information and entertainment in all media - print, pictures still and moving, sound, and combinations thereof. The issues are manifold. Is the ease of perfect reproduction and manipulation of material in the digital form used by our communications systems the death-knell of the whole basis of copyright? Are we at least going to have to reconsider such fundamentals of copyright law as what constitutes publication, copying and public performance, or the old distinctions between categories of work such as literary, artistic, sound recording and film? What rights should users enjoy? Are the rights accorded them in the analogue world so ill-defined that they will undermine the utility of copyright as a source of income for digital authors and their publishers? Will we see the emergence of a genuine market-place in which producer and user bargain about the price for individual transfers of...
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