...Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic approach that addresses dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors and cognitive processes and contents through a number of goal-oriented, explicit systematic procedures. The name refers to behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and to therapy based upon a combination of basic behavioral and cognitive principles and research. CBT is thought to be effective for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including mood, anxiety, personality, eating, substance abuse, tic, and psychotic disorders. Many CBT treatment programs for specific disorders have been evaluated for efficacy; the health-care trend of evidence-based treatment, where specific treatments for symptom-based diagnoses are recommended, has favored CBT over other approaches such as psychodynamic treatments.[1] CBT was primarily developed through an integration of behavior therapy (the term "behavior modification" appears to have been first used by Edward Thorndike) with cognitive psychology research, first by Donald Meichenbaum and several other authors with the label of cognitive-behavior modification in the late 1970s. This tradition thereafter merged with earlier work of a few clinicians, labeled as Cognitive Therapy (CT), developed by Aaron Beck, and Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) developed by Albert Ellis. While rooted in rather different theories, these two traditions have been characterized by a constant reference to experimental research to test hypotheses...
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...problems and to dictate what is done in the counseling process (Hackney, 1992). Theory can be used to define “the nature of the relationship between the counselor and client, to conceptualize the nature of the presenting problem(s), and to define the resulting counseling goals or desired outcomes” (p.2). In the past, much focus has been paid on delineating and accentuating the differences between the many theories of therapy (Sprenkle, 2003, p. 93). Today, there is a move towards convergence of theories within the helping practices (Hackney, 1992, p. 3; Sprenkle, 2003). Researchers and practitioners are searching for an integrated approach which emphasizes the key components within the helping process and relationship that have been linked to effective therapy (Hackney, 1992, p.2). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and Person-Centered Therapy (PCT) have been shown to bring about positive changes in therapy. CBT and PCT, like all single-theory approaches, have limitations. Literature suggests that when the change-producing techniques of CBT and PCT are combined and applied, counseling is more effective (Josefowitz & Myran, 2005; Tursi & Cochran, 2006). In this paper, CBT and PCT are reviewed and then integrated into one approach. A case example is then presented and hypothetical helping sessions are described to demonstrate how the various techniques of the approaches can come together...
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...Personality and Individual Differences 46 (2009) 147–153 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Personality and Individual Differences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/paid Cognitive-behavioural training to change attributional style improves employee well-being, job satisfaction, productivity, and turnover Judith G. Proudfoot a,*, Philip J. Corr b, David E. Guest c, Graham Dunn d a School of Psychiatry and Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick 2031, Australia Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK c Kings College London, University of London, UK d Health Methodology Research Group, School of Community Based Medicine, University of Manchester, UK b a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t We report, for the first time in the literature, a cognitive-behavioural training waiting-list controlled study that changed employees’ attributional style, reduced turnover, increased productivity, and improved a number of individual differences measures of well-being. One hundred and sixty-six financial services sales agents (98% male, mean age 36.2 ± 9 years) were randomly assigned to either (a) a sevenweek cognitive-behavioural training program or (b) a waiting-list. Significant improvements resulted in employees’ attributional style, job satisfaction, self-esteem, psychological well-being and general productivity. A significant reduction in employee turnover over a 4.5 month period was observed...
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...short-term treatment approach, have generated more empirical research than any other psychotherapy model (Corey, 2013). CBT can include so many varying techniques within the approach that it is sometimes difficult to study which techniques are effective. Although it is not known which CBT components are essential and which might be redundant in the treatment of PD with and PD without AG, (in vivo) exposure is generally considered to be superior to CT in treating AG (Van Apeldoorn et al., 2008). Pharmacotherapy is the treatment of disease and especially mental illness with drugs (Merriam-Webster, 2014). Pharmacotherapy can include many different types of drugs which can be administered in many different ways and has also been shown to be effective in treating PD/AG. Although there are other drugs and categories of drugs that could be used, including sedatives such as benzodiazepines, this paper will be discussing SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) in general. SSRI is defined as any of a class of antidepressants that inhibit the inactivation of serotonin by blocking its reuptake by presynaptic nerve cell endings (Merriam-Webster, 2014). Despite having different mechanisms of action and treatment delivery methods, CBT and pharmacotherapy share several features. They both are: (1) empirically proven treatments with an extensive history of research on efficacy; (2) practical and action oriented; (3) used with a wide range of patients who have a broad variety of diagnoses; and...
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...multimedia learning, technology-enhanced learning (TEL), computer-based instruction (CBI), computer-based training (CBT), computer-assisted instruction or computer-aided instruction (CAI), internet-based training (IBT), web-based training (WBT), online education, virtual education, virtual learning environments (VLE) (which are also called learning platforms), m-learning, and digital educational collaboration. These alternative names emphasize a particular aspect, component or delivery method. E-learning includes numerous types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation, and streaming video, and includes technology applications and processes such as audio or video tape, satellite TV, CD-ROM, and computer-based learning, as well as local intranet/extranet and web-based learning. Information and communication systems, whether free-standing or based on either local networks or the Internet in networked learning, underly many e-learning processes.[1] E-learning can occur in or out of the classroom. It can be self-paced, asynchronous learning or may be instructor-led, synchronous learning. E-learning is suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but it can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching, in which case the term blended learning is commonly used. It is commonly thought that new technologies make a big difference in education.[2] Many proponents of e-learning believe that everyone must be equipped with basic knowledge of technology, as well as...
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...E-learning 1 E-learning E-learning refers to the use of electronic media and information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. E-learning is broadly inclusive of all forms of educational technology in learning and teaching. E-learning is inclusive of, and is broadly synonymous with multimedia learning, technology-enhanced learning (TEL), computer-based instruction (CBI), computer-based training (CBT), computer-assisted instruction or computer-aided instruction (CAI), internet-based training (IBT), web-based training (WBT), online education, virtual education, virtual learning environments (VLE) (which are also called learning platforms), m-learning, and digital educational collaboration. These alternative names emphasize a particular aspect, component or delivery method. E-learning includes numerous types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation, and streaming video, and includes technology applications and processes such as audio or video tape, satellite TV, CD-ROM, and computer-based learning, as well as local intranet/extranet and web-based learning. Information and communication systems, whether free-standing or based on either local networks or the Internet in networked learning, underly many e-learning processes.[1] E-learning can occur in or out of the classroom. It can be self-paced, asynchronous learning or may be instructor-led, synchronous learning. E-learning is suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but it can also be used...
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...Values and Ethics, Volume 9, Number 2 (2012) Copyright 2012, White Hat Communications This text may be freely shared among individuals, but it may not be republished in any medium without express written consent from the authors and advance notification of White Hat Communications Abstract Increasing numbers of clinical social workers use cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in their practice. This article analyzes how CBT fits with social work values and in particular with social justice. We propose that CBT is a good fit with the values of the profession and make suggestions for areas of improvement. Keywords: cognitive-behavioral therapy, social work values, social justice, social work practice 1. Introduction In a day when evidence-based practice has become so important to the social work profession, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has become one of the most frequently used forms of psychotherapeutic intervention. Extensive research supports the effectiveness of CBT approaches for a wide range of psychosocial issues (Dobson & Dobson, 2009; Granvold, 2011). It is one of the most widely researched and published models of therapy, with more than 325 published outcome studies that validate its efficacy (Butler, Chapman, Forman, & A. Beck, 2006). This empirical validation has made CBT a popular choice for social work practitioners seeking evidence-based treatments. For the purpose of this paper we use CBT as a generic term that encompasses...
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...1. Introduction 15 April 2013 runners and spectators took their places on the streets of Boston to take part in the very popular Boston marathon. Supporting friends and family across the finish line and running those last meters for a well deserved congratulations, not at all suspecting that close to where they were having an amazing time as families and friends were two pressure cooker bombs filled with ball bearings were about to explode leaving 170 injured and 3 dead, one of who was 8 year old Martin Richard. Whose mother and sister were severely injured in the explosion. (Hosken, 2013) This certainly was a horrible experience for the Richard family and for many others who were there in-between it all when it happened most likely having them develop PTSD. Traumatic experiences such as this one would often leave the people feeling shaken and disturbed and even though there would be numerous individuals with PTSD this essay will focus on the Richard family and how what they have gone through would be a great cause for them developing PTSD. (Train, 2009) This essay will discuss PTSD thoroughly looking at the following aspects. The clinical description, epidemiology, etiology, the diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-IV-TR and lastly the treatment and prognosis will all be discussed in this essay making reference to the Richard family for a clearer understanding of PTSD. 2. Clinical Description A traumatic experience can be described as exposure to an event where...
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...Improving Academic Performance and Achievement of children and youth in foster care Joanna Bermudez Mercy College Summer 2013 Introduction and Problem Statement Approximately fifty percent of adolescents in this country’s foster care system are graduating from high school each year. In NYS, less than forty-four percent of adolescent’s in the foster care system graduate from high school yearly. The outcomes of youth who leave the foster care system between the ages of 18 and 21 are statistically grim; less than 50% of these youth are equipped with a high school diploma (Scannapeieco, Connel-Carrick, and Pinter, 2007), and with-in two years of leaving the system, 25% of them face unemployment, homelessness, and/or incarceration (Krinsky, 2007). For all children, especially children in foster care, having the proper advocacy, stability, educational coordination and guidance are vital in ensuring their academic success. Unfortunately, children in foster care are less likely to receive these components to assist them in becoming successful in academia, which in turn affects their chances to live a productive adult life. The needs of the children and youth in foster care are in need of reformation across each state throughout the nation. Since the development of foster care, the focus of intervention has and continues to be a reactive approach, instead of a tactical approach. The intervention of foster care seeks to ensure the physical safety and well-being of each child...
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...Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly Volume 20, Number 3 • 2006 Principles of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders in Children Elizabeth A. Gosch, PhD, ABPP Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Philadelphia, PA Ellen Flannery-Schroeder, PhD, ABPP University of Rhode Island, Kingston Christian F. Mauro, PhD Scott N. Compton, PhD Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC This article elucidates the theoretical underpinnings of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) as applied to the treatment of anxiety disorders in children, focusing on social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and separation anxiety disorder. It reviews behavioral and cognitive theories that have influenced this approach. We argue that it is necessary to understand the essential components of this approach in the context of these theories in order to provide effective, clinically sensitive, and child-focused treatment. Components discussed include assessment, psychoeducation, affective education, self-instruction training, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, relaxation training, modeling, contingency management, and exposure procedures. Hypothesized key processes, such as the need to be experiential in treatment, are presented for consideration. Keywords: anxiety; children; cognitive behavior therapy; theory A nxiety disorders are among the most common mental health disorders in youth with / \ prevalence rates ranging from 12% to 20% (Achenbrach...
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...------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Effects of Technology on Education By Anton Lebedev | Submitted On January 22, 2010 4 1 Education has changed significantly in the last twenty years. One of the main reasons education has undergone so many changes is because of technological development. In 1990, computers and other forms of technology served a minimal role in the classroom. Today, many if not most college students attend class with a laptop. I am writing about some of the biggest advantages technology gave to education. Technology has made research much easier. Before online Encyclopedias, Google Scholar, JSTOR, and other online research tools were available, students were forced to spend numerous hours in the library. With the new tools, students can conduct research faster in the comfort of their homes. With Google and other search engines, students can find relevant information faster and more efficiently. Also, there is no more need for intensive memorization as information is more readily available. New also technology allows for a faster, more efficient, and more interactive classroom experience. With Powerpoint presentations and projectors, there is no need for blackboards and whiteboards. With clickers, students can take quizzes during the classroom. These developments also help improve tutoring services. Online tutoring programs are becoming available. One-on-one in-home tutoring programs are also being aided these developments. Tutors...
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...Module Code & Title: BM030-3-2-MVA Assignment Title: INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT Submission date: 21 JANUARY 2014 Name: ALINA BELOGOLOVTSEVA Student ID: TP028561 Intake code: UC2F1310TRM Lecturer name: P PATHMANABAN A/L C M PAPPAYAH Table of contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Types of rural tourism in a homestay program 4 3. The benefits of the homestay program 5 4. The involvement of local community in rural tourism 7 5. The future growth of rural tourism in Malaysia 7 6. Banghuris homestay, Selangor 8 7. Conclusion 10 8. References 11 1. Introduction Rural tourism in Malaysia usually there is a lot of rural families, which equips with assets distinctive and varied. In addition to that rural tourism is a famous and beloved among tourists, where tourists can be more relax and see some of the rural traditions and identify the nature of rural life. Therefore, these factors make rural tourism loveable and desirable have a lot of tourists for the valuable information that attract the tourists in order to know this tourism more (Songan, et al., 2014). In fact at the mention of rural tourism, it is significant to refer to the homestay in Malaysia. Homestay is considered one of the important inputs for the country because it brought attention to a lot of foreign tourists and locals as well. In fact, the Ministry of Tourism of Malaysian government in 1988 approved the homestay project and it being considered an important factor in the strategy of the country...
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...response preparedness: small group training. Part 2 – training methods compared with learning styles Henry C. Wilson Article information: To cite this document: Henry C. Wilson, (2000),"Emergency response preparedness: small group training. Part 2 – training methods compared with learning styles", Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, Vol. 9 Iss 3 pp. 180 - 199 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09653560010335112 Downloaded on: 09 December 2015, At: 11:19 (PT) References: this document contains references to 15 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 1307 times since 2006* Downloaded by Arab Open University Kuwait At 11:19 09 December 2015 (PT) Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Henry C. Wilson, (2000),"Emergency response preparedness: small group training. Part I – training and learning styles", Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, Vol. 9 Iss 2 pp. 105-116 Piyali Ghosh, Rachita Satyawadi, Jagdamba Prasad Joshi, Rashmi Ranjan, Priya Singh, (2012),"Towards more effective training programmes: a study of trainer attributes", Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 44 Iss 4 pp. 194-202 http:// dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197851211231469 Charles W. Read, Brian H. Kleiner, (1996),"Which training methods are effective?", Management Development Review, Vol. 9 Iss 2 pp. 24-29 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09622519610111781 ...
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...C0URSE: PYC 4802- PSYCHOPATHOLOGY ASSIGNMENT : 03 UNIQUE NUMBER : 668O49 STUDENT NUMBER: 48415952 NAME: ZWANE NOKUTHULA A CRITICAL DISCUSSION OF HOW PEOPLE LIVING WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA CAN LIVE WITH THE CONDITION. PYC4802,PSYCHOPATHOLOGY.UNIQUE NUMBER 668049.STUDENT NO.48415952 Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------PAGE 1. Schizophrenia--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 2. Symptoms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 2.1. Positive symptoms----------------------------------------------------------------------4 Hallucinations---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Delusions --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Disorganized Thinking (Speech)----------------------------------------------------------5 Disorganized or Catatonic Behavior-----------------------------------------------------5 2.2. Negative symptoms--------------------------------------------------------------------5 Alogia-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Affective flattening--------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Avolition----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 3. Types of ...
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...Heather Richard EDUC 611 Treatment Plan Liberty University Introduction You are a school counselor in a Title One middle school located in the heart of Newark, NJ. Recently, there was a shooting at your school that involved many students. Classrooms were locked down for three hours. A few days ago, a teacher at your school said she saw in the crisis handbook that following a crisis, teachers should look for student behavior that is out of the ordinary as a way of identifying students who may need to see the school counselor. The student she is concerned about is a seventh grade (13 year old) Asian male named Tai. She said that he seems to be more withdrawn since the shootings and believes one of the students who were shot was a friend of his. Tai is new to the school this year and participates in the free lunch plan. Case Conceptualization and Needs Assessment Having a comprehensive crisis management plan in place allows members of the school staff and community to be aware of policy and procedures related to identifying students who may be in crisis. A crisis management plan should detail student behavior which may be signs of mental illness or crisis. In doing so school staff have criteria in place that helps identify those who may need assistance. According to Allen et al., the role of the school counselor is defined by the American School Counselor Association's (ASCA, 2000) by the statement, "the professional school counselor's primary role is to provide direct counseling...
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