...ATOM Marvin Jake Acle: The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. Chemical atoms, which in science now carry the simple name of "atom," are minuscule objects with diameters of a few tenths of ananometer and tiny masses proportional to the volume implied by these dimensions. Atoms can only be observed individually using special instruments such as the scanning tunneling microscope. Greek Atom The name atom comes from the Greek ἄτομος (atomos, "indivisible") from ἀ- (a-, "not") and τέμνω (temnō, "I cut"),[3] which means uncuttable, or indivisible, something that cannot be divided further.[4] The concept of an atom as an indivisible component of matter was first proposed by early Indian and Greek philosophers. In the 18th and 19th centuries, chemists provided a physical basis for this idea by showing that certain substances could not be further broken down by chemical methods, and they applied the ancient philosophical name of atom to the chemical entity. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, physicists discovered subatomic components and structure inside the atom, thereby demonstrating that the chemical "atom" was divisible and that the name might not be appropriate.[5][6] However, it was retained. This has led to some debate about whether the ancient philosophers, who intended to refer to fundamental individual objects with their concept of "atoms," were referring to modern...
Words: 627 - Pages: 3
...are composed of atoms rather we can see them or not. Some elements are bonded with a variety of atoms to help form the molecules. All matter is made up of atoms that are very small, so small that they human eye cannot see. It does not matter if the liquid, solid, or gas even if it is a mixture or pure. These basic elements are the same elements that make up what is known as the periodic table. Mendeleev Demetri Mendeleev created the periodic table and was trying to put the elements in order by the weight that he saw. As the weights grew from time to time the attributes of one element may be similar to those Mendeleev listed. So Mendeleev would put the elements in a column that were alike chemically (Tro, 2009). All chemicals in the vertical rows of the periodic table were considered to be family because the attributes were a lot alike. In group 1A of the table of elements are the alkali metals, in column 7A are the halogens (Tro, 2009). Noble gases are in the column of 8A, the noble gases are in this specific column because they are gases that are unreactive because the shell has being closed. So because of similarities Mendeleev built has table of elements based on similarities. Atoms Atoms are considered the smallest existence that has similar attributes of an element, but the atom cannot be broken down into a smaller part. The formation of molecules happens when two or more atoms are put together, which can happen in many different ways. When two atoms of oxygen are put...
Words: 688 - Pages: 3
...What are Atoms? Electromagnetism How Much Electricity Do We Use Everything is made of atoms. Even you and I are made of atoms. Atoms are the building blocks of the universe. They are very, very tiny particles. Their size is very hard to imagine. An atom is best described by thinking of the sun with the planets spinning around it. The centre is called the nucleus. It is made of tiny particles called protons and neutrons. Electrons circle around the nucleus in clouds, or shells, far from the nucleus. When an atom is in balance, it has the same number of protons and electrons. It can have a different number of neutrons. Electrons stay in their shells because a special force holds them there. Protons and electrons are attracted to each other. We say protons have a positive charge (+) and the electrons have a negative charge (-). Opposite charges attract each other. Have you ever combed your hair and had it follow the comb or have you ever rubbed a balloon over your head and have your hair stand straight up on your head? If so, you rubbed electrons off the comb or balloon. The electrons moved into your hair from the comb or balloon. They tried to get far away from each other. They moved to the ends of your hair. They pushed against each other and made your hair move - they repelled each other or pushed each other away. The electrons near the nucleus are held tight to the atom while sometimes the ones further out are not. These electrons can be made to move out of their...
Words: 350 - Pages: 2
...Atoms, Molecules, and Elements Atoms, Molecules, and Elements Our Periodic Table is designed to help us understand how elements are going to react to each other and also gives us the breakdown of how many atoms are in each element. This chart also helps us to identify metals, liquids, and gases. This chart shows us the atomic mass and structure of each element. Knowing this information allows us to determine which elements can bond and interact with each other. Alkali metals and halogens can form ionic bonds easily which involves the transfer of an electron from an atom of metal forming a positively charged species, to an atom of non-metal forming a negatively charged species. These two species interact electrostatically and form one of the two extreme forms of bonding; covalent bonding is the other extreme form (Kostiner & Jespersen, 2003). Electronic structure is another piece of important information that you will find on the Periodical Table, this is the atomic number and it will tell you how many atoms make up the element. Alkali Metals and Halogen We know that there are some stable elements and some that are highly unstable. Alkali metals and halogens are unstable because of their electronic structure. If their outer ring is not full of electrons they can bond to easily with other elements, meaning that they have too much space in their outer shells and this makes it easier for other elements to bond with them. If you take Lithium for example, its atomic number is...
Words: 825 - Pages: 4
...Atoms are building blocks, all matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms. All atoms consist of subatomic particles called; protons, neutrons and electrons. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed but can be rearranged to from different substances. Compounds and elements are composed of tiny particles known as molecules, molecules are specified as atoms that are affiliated (combined) by chemical bonds—the joining of two or more atoms. Compounds are molecules containing at least two or more different elements, all compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds. A mixture is a substance that combines two or more compounds and elements in a way where no chemical reaction occurs. The mixture can then be homogeneous or heterogeneous, a homogeneous mixture has components distributed consistently throughout the mixture and example of this would be air, vodka or rain water. Heterogeneous mixtures components are not consistent, they have restricted sections with...
Words: 427 - Pages: 2
...Atoms, Molecules, and Elements Michelle Faunce-Carroll CHM/110 - INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY BSDT1HX1M4 WILLIAM DE VORICK AUGUST 10, 2015 Atoms, Molecules, and Elements Atoms, Molecules, and Elements are a part of everything we do in life. Most people don’t recognize the extent that chemistry plays in our everyday lives. From the foods we eat, to the products we use for cleaning ourselves, our homes, our cars; atoms, molecules, and elements are a part of all of these things. Dmitri Mendeleev began studying elements in the early 1800’s. Through his learnings he found that elements are sortable, have similar properties, and are even predictable. In addition to this his research also led to his coming up with the periodic table. Thanks to Dmitri Mendeleev we can now know the way molecules are formed. Because of this we know the charge of the elements, which in turn helps us to know how they will react with each other when combined, we are able to predict if this will be a good or bad reaction. Grouping elements into families was first taught by Dmitri Mendeleev. He began by studying their atomic weight, charge, and reactivity. And then grouping the elements with similar properties within the same family. Within these families we can look at how they would react with other elements on the periodic table. Take hydrogen for example when this is paired with oxygen to form H2O, you have to have 2 hydrogen...
Words: 417 - Pages: 2
...Running head: UNIT 3: WAVE LENGTHS AND THE ATOM Wave Lengths and the Atom Nature of waves James Trefil and Robert M. Hazen (2011) stated, “The nature of wave’s travel through the speed of light, and life on earth is transmitted through space by such a wave” (p. 118. para. 3). Waves occur in one’s daily life; all of such waves must move through matter (p. 118, para. 1). Radio waves allow transmission of music, microwaves assist in heating and cooking food, and X-rays are used by dentists (electro magnetic waves) and hospitals to ascertain a patient’s necessary need for treatment by introducing pictures (p. 118, para 5). Waves and Measurements According to James Trefil and Robert M. Hazen (2011), the two forms of energy can be either wave or by particle (p. 118, para 6). Waves are used in everyday life and just an example of said action would occur while skipping rocks. When one picks up a stone (various size and shape) and the water is very still, a person may choose to throw or toss with a light motion. This action will result in stir up (water); so as to form ripples by the skipping rock (p. 119). Ripples can be described as a series of ripples; moving outward from the point of interaction with the water and the rock (p. 119, 3). Property Waves According to James Trefil and Robert M. Hazen (2011), distances between crests is also known as the highest point of origin pertaining to wavelengths. Every second wave crests complete one cycle, also known as a hertz...
Words: 644 - Pages: 3
...Atoms are the smallest entities which resemble the properties of an element and cannot be broken down into smaller parts. Molecules are formed when two or more atoms are combined. This formation can happen in a variety of ways. When two oxygen atoms join O2 is formed, and when three oxygen atoms join O3 or ozone is formed. Both of these have different properties. Different atoms can also combine to form molecules. Hydrogen combines with sulfur to form H2S and hydrogen and oxygen also combine to form H2O. Dmitri Mendeleev’s Periodic table is based on atomic weight, whereas, the modern periodic table keeps the atomic number as the base. An atomic table arranges elements from left to right in a row with the atomic number and properties gradually changing. The elements on the next row will actually exhibit similar properties as the ones above or below it. This provides an example of the periodicity nature of the elements. The columns of different elements in a period have the same or very similar properties. The properties of the elements change gradually as the columns move down through the periodic table. Atoms in similar families, such as H2S and H2O, exhibit both similar properties and molecular structure. This shows periodicity in both the molecules and the individual atoms. Alkali metals contain a single electron in their outer shell rendering them highly reactive. This allows them to be ready to donate this single electron to form molecules with substances...
Words: 726 - Pages: 3
...Atoms, Molecules, and Elements Atoms, Molecules, and Elements Take a look out the window. Consider that everything that you can and cannot see is composed of atoms. Some of these may be bonded with other atoms to form molecules. All matter is composed of atoms that are too small to see. Weather the matter is liquid, gas or solid, pure or a mixture. It is the basis for elements that make up what we know today as our periodic table. Demetri Mendeleev was trying to organize the elements into a table by weight when he noticed that as the weights increase occasionally the properties of one element would resemble those of an element he already listed so he placed these elements in a column under the ones they resembled chemically ( Capri, PhD, 2003). Each chemical in the vertical rows on the periodic table are considered families or groups because they have properties that are similar to each other. All the chemicals in group 1A of the periodic table are considered alkali metals. Alkali metals are similar in that each of them has only one atom in the outermost shell and they are very reactive when combined with other elements. All elements in column 7A are halogens. Halogens are also highly reactive oxidizing agents that are called “salts”. All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shells, giving them an oxidation number of -1 ( Bodner Research Web, n.d.). Noble gases can be found in Column 8A. These elements are all considered to belong in this column because they are all...
Words: 826 - Pages: 4
...Atoms, Molecules, and Elements Paper Candace Jefferson March 8, 2016 Charles Chau Chem/110 Atoms are the smallest particles and have the resemblance properties of an element they cannot be broken down and this is considered the building blocks. The atom has a nucleus that is surrounded by electrons. An atom can be negatively or positively charged just depends on the surrounding particles. Molecules are formed when there is a group that is formed and then they are bonded together. It will all depend on how they are bonded that will determine the type of element that will be formed. The periodic table was created by a Russian chemist by the name of Dimitri Mendeleev. He created this table so that everyone would be able to see all of the things that he is able to see. This table is used all through the school system helping people all over the world understand chemistry and making it a lot easier. He wanted it to be organized in a way so that it will be in a group separating certain characteristics. The main purpose of the periodic table was to show the chemical properties explaining the similarities and the differences between everything that he would have on the periodic table. “Mendeleev...
Words: 377 - Pages: 2
...As you move down group 1 on the periodic table the atoms get more reactive. As you go down a group the atoms get bigger and bigger this makes it easier for atoms to lose their electrons. The metals react more vigorously with water as you go down the group. Lithium is at the top of the group and when it’s added with water its gets fizzy, floats and moves around the bowl as a gas is given off. When sodium is added with water it moves faster around the bowl, and it turns in to ball and a gas is given off. Potassium in the most reactive out of all the three as it’s below the other two metals. When potassium is added to water it gives off sparks and light on fire, potassium has a faster reaction. As you go down group 7 the atoms become less reactive....
Words: 503 - Pages: 3
...Vol.28 No. 基于 Atom 的远程对象交换机制的研究 崔 璨 1，陆桑璐 2 1 2（南京大学计算机软件新技术国家重点实验室, 南京大学计算机科学与技术系, 210093） E-mail ：alancui@gmail.com 摘 要：随着互联网的发展，Web2.0 和 Mash-up 逐渐成为 Web 环境中的主要应用形式。针对现有远程对象交换机制的 局限性， 本文以 Atom 文档格式与 Atom 发布协议为基础建立了一种更易被 Web2.0 和 Mash-up 应用的远程对象交换机制。 在兼顾半结构化数据与强类型语言结构化要求的条件下，利用 Atom 文档格式解决了远程对象的封装问题；利用 Atom 发 布协议解决了远程对象的操作问题。在此基础上，通过性能评估和综合比较，说明该机制具有实现简单、适应半结构化数 据、在少量易变数据时性能好等优点。 关键词：Atom; REST; 对象交换; 半结构化数据; Web2.0; Mash-up 中 图 分 类 号 ：TP 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-1220（2005）02-- The Research on Atom Based Remote Object Exchange Mechanism CUI Can1，LU Sanglu2 12 （State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology, Department of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University, 210093） Abstract: Web2.0 and Mash-up applications are gradually turned into the primary form of the applications in the Internet by the fast development of Internet. Concerning the limitation of the existing remote objects exchange mechanism, this paper proposes a new remote objects exchange mechanism which is based on Atom Syndication Format and Atom Publishing Protocol, and thus, can be easily adopted in Web2.0 or Mash-up systems. Firstly, considering the requirements from both semi-structure data and strong type languages, Atom Syndication Format is used to solve the encapsulation problem. Secondly, Atom Publishing Protocol are leveraged to implement object exchange. Finally, with the evaluations and comparison, we reached a conclusion that the Atom Based Remote Object...
Words: 2687 - Pages: 11
...Vincent Peng Period 1 Reflection Essay Biography of an Atom You are made of them, your clothes, the air you breath, and everything in the universe made of atoms. You can’t seem them individually but everything you see is made of atoms. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter composed of subatomic particles. Different atoms make different elements and elements create everything around you. The first atoms were discovered in 17th century and only a few were known. But by 1800 more and more different atoms had been discovered. Scientists needed a way to organize that atoms. Many attempts were made but the first successful periodic table was by Dmitri Mendeleev in the late 1800s. The periodic table was successfully organized by their physical and chemical properties. The periodic table tells us about all the elements on earth and the makeup of the atoms. Vincent Peng Period 1 Reflection Essay The periodic table is arranged in a grid. Periods are read left to right and arrange them according to atomic mass. Every element in a period had the same number electron orbitals. Groups are arranged vertically in the table and atoms in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer orbital. The periodic table tells you several key facts about the atom such as atomic weight, atomic number(number of protons), and name of the atom. The periodic table is also arranged into several property groups. ● ...
Words: 352 - Pages: 2
...diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule, and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. A Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently-bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. Using the Octet Rule to Write Lewis Structures The octet rule tells us that all atoms want eight valence electrons (except for hydrogen, which wants only two), so they can be like the nearest noble gas. Use the octet rule to figure out how many electrons each atom in the molecule should have, and add them up. The only weird element is boron - it wants six electrons. Lewis Structures for Molecules with Single Bonds The atoms share a pair of electrons, and that pair is referred to as a bonding pair. The pairs of electrons which do not participate in the bond have traditionally been called "lone pairs". A single bond can be represented by the two dots of the bonding pair, or by a single line which represents that pair. The single line representation for a bond is commonly used in drawing Lewis structures for molecules. · Hydrogen atoms form one bond. · Carbon atoms four bonds. · Nitrogen atoms form three bonds. · Oxygen atoms form two bonds. · Halogens form one bond when they are surrounding atoms; fluorine is always surrounding atom. Lewis Structures for Molecules with Multiple Bonds When two atoms share a single pair of electrons, the bond is referred to as a single bond. Atoms can also share two or three pairs of...
Words: 2714 - Pages: 11
...Name Lab Section Date The Mole Concept and Atomic Weights Text Reference: Tro, Chemistry: Structure and Properties Section 2.8 - Atoms and the Mole: How Many Particles? Section 1.9 – Atomic Mass: The Average of an Element’s Atoms The purpose of this activity is to better understand the concepts of relative atomic mass, counting by weighing and the mole. Per cent composition and average atomic mass are included. Part I. Relative Atomic Masses and the Mole – Early Method When John Dalton proposed his atomic theory, he stated that the atoms of each element had a characteristic mass. He carried out experiments to determine the relative atomic mass of each element. To do this, he had to establish a standard because a single atom was too small to weigh. The standard he chose was that the mass of hydrogen would be set equal to 1.000. In a simple experiment, Dalton would measure the grams of an element such as sulfur that reacted with 1.00 gram of hydrogen. For sulfur, the reacting mass was found to be 32.0 grams, and so 32.0 was the relative mass of sulfur with respect to the standard hydrogen. (Note: The current standard for atomic mass is the most abundant isotope of carbon, C-12, with an assigned mass of exactly 12.000 amu.) The following activity will demonstrate how the relative mass method works. 1. Weigh five of the red color balls to three decimal places. Be sure to tare out the mass of the plastic cup. Record the mass in the table below. 2. Weigh five...
Words: 1665 - Pages: 7
