...the origin of most global terrorist actions against the United States combined with scientific proof from a wide variety of sources to argue for new methods of understanding and stopping terrorism as it exists today. Though many examples and analyses of terrorist acts are examined in the book along with many different explanations for the social and psychological mechanisms that may cause them, one of the central ideas is the power of social bonds to drive people to commit actions that they never would have considered alone. This paper will analyze Atran's argument as it is supported by social psychology, and in particular specific research that was used in the writing of the book itself. Atran states that “to kill and die with friends... almost invariably involves deep love of one's group” (p. 317) and goes on to say that having no empathy towards other groups allows this to happen. His own work in Radical Madrasas in Southeast Asia (Atran, Ginges, Magouirk, 2008) supports his claim by showing that when students viewed someone as being outside of their group and incapable of becoming a member of their group, they were much more likely to support violence against that person. This was shown by interviewing the students in regards to whether they believed that people were “born evil but learn to become good” or not, if they believed a baby born to Jewish parents but raised by Muslims would grow up to be Muslim or not, and if it was their duty to “fight and kill non-Muslims such as...
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...self-interest predict behavior better than attitudes and Incentives having impact on charitable donations. This paper will discuss the particular norm that pertains to beliefs about the extent to which attributes and behaviors of others are dictated by self-interest. Miller (2001) argues that the theory of self-interest has causal power and how it plays a role in its own confirmation, is the core focus of this article. Critiques of Miller’s hypothesis will be from influential theories of human behavior, including evolutionary biology, behaviorism, and psychoanalytic theory (Etzioni, 1988; Kohn, 1990: Schwartz, 1986; Wallach & Wallach, 1983). Specifically, describes the evidence for a norm of self-interest, whereby people expect that others’ attitudes and behaviors will be guided by personal stake (Miller, 1999; Miller & Ratner, 1996, 1998; Ratner & Miller 2001). Miller (2001) argues that these expectations can have profound implications for charitable donations for both money and time. For e.g., when a spokesperson for a cause solicits support from others, the targets for the advocacy requests feel that it is harder to say no when the advocate indicates a personal connection to the self-interest. Further, members of a nonprofit organization respond with greater skepticism toward volunteers who do not have a clear tie to the cause than to those who do. Miller’s findings suggest that there were three key issues to consider: (1) Attitudes of an individual who has material self-interest...
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...Discuss factors that influence our attitudes to food (8+16) One factor that influences our attitudes to food is social learning theory which states that through observation of other people eg. role models such as parents , we learn and develop our own attitudes and behaviours to food. Children may learn their attitudes to eating behaviour through observing parents and their preferences and the satisfaction they receive from food and through vicarious leaning, they replicate the behaviour themselves. Brown and Ogden’s research has shown a correlation between parent and child behaviour towards food, including body dissatisfaction, snacking between meals and eating motivations. Social learning may also occur through the media which highlights different attitudes to food that people observe and learn from. However attitudes towards food are a result of more than just social learning. Evolutionary explanations suggest that our preferences to fatty or sweet foods are a direct result of adaptation. There is research support for the social learning theory. Meyer and Gast surveyed 10-12year olds and found a significant positive correlation between peer attitudes and eating patterns and it was found that the ‘likeability’ of peers was an important factor in how influential they were. Fisher et al also found support for how influential the social learning theory is in our attitudes to food, when studying mother and daughter relationships. It was found that the daughters eating behaviour...
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...Company Q’s attitude toward social responsibility is negative and could use development. Their actions leave the perception to stakeholders that the company is only interested in profitability. In order for Company Q to improve their attitude towards social responsibility, they need to take into consideration their stakeholders, namely the customers, employees and the community. In my opinion, if the company were to make changes in their attitudes towards social responsibility, they could likely see an increase in revenue and a boost in consumer confidence. I believe that consumers will want to support a business with a good attitude towards social responsibility. An area that could be improved regarding the company’s attitude towards social responsibility is in the matter of the store closings in high crime rate areas. One could argue that closing the stores because of the high crime rate could be a valid business decision, but when the company reported that the closings were due to losing money, it leaves the perception that the company is only interested in generating revenue. It is likely that since these stores were located in high crime rate areas, they were most likely located in low income areas as well. A first step in changing the company’s attitude toward social responsibility would be to re-open the stores. This would show the community and employees that Company Q is concerned with the community and its employees by creating jobs and opportunities in these areas...
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...because the social and economic development of the country is directly linked with student academic performance. The elementary students’ academic performance measurement has garnered considerable attention to research bodies but in a broader perspective considering all the possible factors that may affect student learning. This research will focus only on the social factors affecting the academic performance of lower section students to give keener and precise observation because these factors strongly influence on the student performance. Learning is influenced by social interactions, interpersonal relationships, and communication with others.Learning is often enhanced when children have an opportunity to interact with andcollaborate with others on instructional tasks. In these situations, children haveopportunities for perspective taking and reflective thinking that can enhance their self-esteemand development. Quality interpersonal relationships can provide trust andcaring that increase children’s sense of belonging, self-respect, self-acceptance, andproduce a positive learning climate. Parents, teachers, and peers are very importantpeople in the child’s social world (Lumsden 1994). The relationships and interactions experienced by the students can enhance or undermine the students learning. Attitude can alter every aspect of a person'slife, including their education. Student attitudes on learning determine their ability andwillingness to learn. If negative attitudes are not...
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...Discuss the role of one or more factors that influence attitudes to food (4 marks + 8 marks) Social learning theory emphasises the impact that observing other people has on our own attitudes and behaviour. One way children acquire their attitudes to food is observing and imitating their peers. Birch et al. carried out an experiment finding that children would try a vegetable they disliked if their peers were eating said vegetable. This supports the view that peer modelling is significant in a child’s preference for vegetables since they shifted their preference for several weeks after the study was carried out, suggesting that effects are long lasting rather than temporary. This study strengthens social learning as a factor affecting attitudes to food as it provides evidence to suggest that children’s peers can influence their eating habits.. Further supporting evidence for the theory would be that of Meyer and Gast (2008). They carried out a survey which involved 10-12 year old boys and girls. They found a positive correlation between peer influence and eating disorder. The more the children liked their peers, the more of an influence they had on their eating habits. This supports social learning theory as it suggests that we imitate the eating behaviour of others, especially those who we view as role models or people we like e.g. friends. The research has practical real world implications. This is because the findings suggest that our eating habits are affected by...
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...Luis continues to show a positive attitude and excitement for learning and this is reflected in the work he does. Although he is progressing well academically, Luis is talkative in class and needs reminders to focus on academics instead of social connections. Taashaun continues to show an increased effort in writing and following through with assignments. Please continue to encourage him to practice handwriting and use a computer to word-process his assignments when possible. Leonel is showing steady growth in Language Arts. However, his behavior continues to be distraction to others. Please encourage him focus on academic achievement instead of talking to or distracting others during class time. Maria’s reading scores are still significantly below grade level and as we discussed, excessive absences make it...
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...with the mean of 18.24years. Only 186 or 69% have had sexual intercourse and 94 of them had only one sex partner while 92 had more than one sex partner. Two research instruments were developed for this study-Attitude towards Pre marital Sex Scale (ATPSS) and Parent Involvement Questionnaire (PIQ). The findings revealed a significant effect of home type in prediction of adolescents’ involvement in premarital sex at r=.569, r2 =.347, f (1,218) = 56.47 and <.05 significant level. There was a significant difference significant difference in involvement in premarital sex between adolescents from single parent and intact homes at X2-observed=22.46, 1degree of freedom and p <0.05. It was concluded that parental involvement is paramount in adolescents’ premarital sexual behaviour. It was recommended that government, religious bodies and individuals should uphold the sacred institution of marriage for wellbeing of our children. Adejumo, G. O (2011) Family Structure and Social Support as Determinants of Family Homelessness in Lagos Metropolis Journal of Functional Management, Leads University, Volume 3 No.1. Abstract Homelessness among families is tremendously destructive and exacts enormous human, social and economic costs. This study examined the family structure and social support as...
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...made to our understanding of societal perceptions, social support and how it affects breastfeeding attitudes and outcomes. (Kronborg and Vaeth 2004) Defined Social support as the mother's perceptions in relation to the support she receives from peers, family and the society at large. The first paper to be reviewed is written by (Leeming et al. 2013) and entitled 'Socially sensitive lactation: Exploring the social context of breastfeeding'. The second paper is written by (Scott et al. 2015) and entitled 'A comparison of maternal attitudes to breast feeding in public and the association with breastfeeding duration in four European countries: Results of a cohort study. The current paper will summarise the arguments, review the subject matter in both papers and compare and contrast the different methodological approaches taken by the authors with comments on the appropriateness of each method chosen. It concludes by a justified opinion of the subject. (Li et al. 2008), stated that discomfort with the idea of breastfeeding is one of the concerns for some women choosing not to breastfeed or incorporating shorter duration of breastfeeding (Stuebe and Bonuck 2011). Decades of research confirm the benefits of breastfeeding for infants and for maternal health (Cricco 2007) (Tarrant, Dodgson and Wu 2014) (Ingram et al. 2008). 1.1 ARGUMENTS (Leeming et al. 2013) Main argument simply stated that breastfeeding remains a challenging social act despite its accepted importance for child health...
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...First, social consensus is a well-supported phenomenon in the realm of social psychology (Bohner, Dykema-Engblade, Tindale, & Meisendleder, 2008). The consensus received from others can create powerful attitudinal conviction as the ideology shared among similar others promotes subjective confidence in the ideologies validity (Hardin & Higgins, 1996). People often look to other individuals as a way to validate their beliefs, with shared attitudes providing greater support for their validity (Festinger, 1954; Sechrist & Stangor, 2001). This is because consensus is thought to capture underlining truth given that the collective judgments are perceived to have risen out of group discussion (Turner & Oakes, 1997). Consequently, a high level of consensus for a given attitude increases the perception that the attitude is the objective truth; people tend to believe that majority consensus is a reflection of reality (Bohner, Dykema-Engblade, Tindale & Meisenhelder, 2008; Kelly, 1967; Mackie, 1987). Not only do people tend to assume that the majority is correct (Crano & Chen, 1989; Kenworthy, Hewstone, Levine, Martin, Willis, 2008) but they also tend to assume that they themselves are a part of the majority regardless if they actually apart of the majority or not (Krueger &...
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...Company Q – Social Responsibility 1 Case Study on Social Responsibility – Company Q For over forty years, the subject of business ethics has continued to evolve and one aspect in particular, social responsibility has become more of a focus. A company’s attitude on social responsibility is evaluated in how they maximize positive impacts on stakeholders while minimizing the negative impacts. Stakeholders include employees, customers, investors and the communities in which they operate. Over time, examples from the world of business have shown ethical standards and social responsibility have a positive impact, not only in terms of reputation management, but long-‐term organizational success. Based on the information provided about Company Q’s actions, it appears that the primary driver for their business decisions is short-‐term economic responsibility without evaluating impacts to all of their stakeholders. Three...
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...resulting from his/her brain damage. Dementia develops at different rates there is no average progression rate and the rate of progression can depend on the cases of dementia. Progressive deterioration happens over time, temporary conditions such as stress, illness, medication and time of day can make symptoms appear worse. People with dementia are all different both in the way they are affected, their behaviour and the nature and extent of the brain damage. 2. The support services available in your local area- Caring for a person with dementia can be very demanding and physically and emotionally tiering and draining. The Australian government and state government allocate funds to organizations to provide services to help you. Commonwealth carer resource centres are operated by carers associations in each state. Practical written information about support services, home help financial entitlements, legal matters, respite care, health, wellbeing, dealing with grief, counselling programs, emotional support, educational and training opportunities. The HACC (Home and Community Care) services are: Home help, home modifications, home nursing services, food services and transport services. 3. The legal ramifications of Physical, Chemical and Psychological restraint- The term physical restraint would be the force necessary to restrict or limit the movements or limit the physical actions of an individual. Chemical restraint would probably refer to the OC spray, mace and tear...
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...Running Head: ADOLESCENCES ATTITUDES TOWARDS MENTAL ILLNESS ! ! 1 Adolescences Attitudes Towards Mental Illness Kellie Walker Student Number- 11546766 Charles Sturt University Subject: PSY102 Subject coordinator: Rabul Islam Assignment No: 2 Due Date: 15.09.2014 Word Count: 2,086! ADOLESCENCES ATTITUDES TOWARDS MENTAL ILLNESS Abstract 2 There is a large amount of research evidence which suggests that social acceptance is associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms and a greater willingness to seek mental health support. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the extent to which a group of adolescents perceived mental illness as being caused by physical and psychosocial causes and their degree of social acceptance. The participants involved in this study were eight boys and eight girls with a mean age of 14.06 (SD=0.92), who were randomly selected from select high schools in NSW. Participants were presented with a vignette and asked to indicate their level of agreeance with a number of closed ended questions. The results of this study found that adolescents showed less social acceptance of behaviour that was perceived to be related to mental illness. Furthermore, the more mental illness was perceived the greater chance it was attributed to a belief in psychosocial causes. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Kellie!Walker!11546766! ADOLESCENCES ATTITUDES TOWARDS MENTAL ILLNESS Adolescences Attitudes Towards Mental Illness 3 ...
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...Journal of Consumer Marketing Emerald Article: To buy or not to buy? A social dilemma perspective on green buying Shruti Gupta, Denise T. Ogden Article information: To cite this document: Shruti Gupta, Denise T. Ogden, (2009),"To buy or not to buy? A social dilemma perspective on green buying", Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 26 Iss: 6 pp. 376 - 391 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760910988201 Downloaded on: 28-05-2012 References: This document contains references to 76 other documents To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com This document has been downloaded 4703 times. Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by INDEPENDENT UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH For Authors: If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service. Information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Additional help for authors is available for Emerald subscribers. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com With over forty years' experience, Emerald Group Publishing is a leading independent publisher of global research with impact in business, society, public policy and education. In total, Emerald publishes over 275 journals and more than 130 book series, as well as an extensive range of online products and services. Emerald...
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...Discuss factors relating to attitudes to food and eating behaviours. (8+16 marks) Sophie Wright Attitudes to food and eating behaviour can be influenced by several factors including culture, mood and health concerns. One explanation of attitudes to food regards the social learning theory and involves the role of parental modelling within our food choices. Social learning theory emphasises the impact that observing other people has on our own attitudes and behaviour. In terms of food choices, parental modelling inevitably affects children because parents control the foods bought and served in the home. Brown and Ogden (2004) reported consistent correlations between parents and their children in terms of snack food intake, eating motivations and body dissatisfactions, reinforcing the idea that children mimic the behaviours of their parents. Not only does social learning apply to the effect of our parents, but also to the effect of the media and peers. MacIntyre et al (1998) studied the impact of the media on eating behaviour and found that the media have an impact both on what people eat, and also their attitudes to certain foods. However, MacIntyre also stated that how much we are influenced is determined by many other factors, for example age, income and background. The findings of Meyer and Gast’s 2006 study on the influence of peers support the idea of social learning theory in relation to eating behaviour. They surveyed 10-12 year olds and found a positive correlation...
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