...Australia`s Decision on Joining Iraq Conflict: Introduction: Australia always has been a global player in combating conflicts in different regions along the other global power like USA, UK. Recently Australia has decided to join in Iraq in combatting violence and conflict there. Earlier in the year both of the Australian prime minister and defence minister had ruled out the possibilities of sending military to aid Iraq conflict. Defence Minister David Johnston has said Australia is “not ruling out providing some back-up assistance†to American military action against insurgents in Iraq. But the situation demands Australia`s presence there. Factors and consequences concerning sending troops to Iraq: In Iraq war during 2003 ,the Australian military contributed. The contribution of them was small in proportion. They aided 2000 military personnel who constituted only 2.42 per cent of its military compared to USA and UK proportions. The then Howard government had supported the demilitarization of Iraq and provided one of the four most substantial combat force under the codename “operation falconerâ€. John Howard termed that invasion as a successful one. The 2003 Iraq invasion was when US President George W Bush called Prime Minister John Howard the “Man of Steel†for his firm sustenance for the expedition. There are strong reasons for Australia joining a united front — diplomatic protest, trade restrictions for example. The fall of Iraq and Syria to extremists would...
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...2009 > hot topics 69 TOPICS HOT L e g a L i s s u e s i n p L a i n L a n g u a g e This is the sixty-ninth in the series Hot Topics: legal issues in plain language, published by the Legal Information Access Centre (LIAC). Hot Topics aims to give an accessible introduction to an area of law that is the subject of change or public debate. International law 1 overview What is international law? – difference between international law and domestic law – Why do States obey international law? – subjects of international law – How do international law and domestic law interact? 4 sources of international law Jus cogens – international conventions and treaties – Australian treaty practice – custom – general principles of law – judicial decisions and writings of publicists – ‘hard law’ and ‘soft law’. 8 states What is a State? – rights of States – self-determination – creation and recognition of new States – case studies. AUTHOR NOTE: Jane Stratton currently leads corporate social responsibility programs in a leading Sydney law firm, teaches law students at a Sydney university and independently, undertakes community development projects in Western Sydney. Her work has included legal and policy roles in the Public Interest Advocacy Centre, the Australian Human Rights Commission, UN High Commission for Refugees and the ICTY. She has experience in litigious and political advocacy. Jane holds qualifications in law (Honours)...
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...This article is the product of the Olin Institute's project on "The Changing Security Environment and American National Interests”. THE NEXT PATTERN OF CONFLICT WORLD POLITICS IS entering a new phase, and intellectuals have not hesitated to proliferate visions of what it will be -- the end of history, the return of traditional rivalries between nation states, and the decline of the nation state from the conflicting pulls of tribalism and globalism, among others. Each of these visions catches aspects of the emerging reality. Yet they all miss a crucial, indeed a central, aspect of what global politics is likely to be in the coming years. It is my hypothesis that the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will be the battle lines of the future. Conflict between civilizations will be the latest phase of the evolution of conflict in the modern world. For a century and a half after the emergence of the modern international system of the Peace of Westphalia, the conflicts of the Western world were largely among princes -- emperors, absolute monarchs and constitutional monarchs attempting to expand their bureaucracies, their...
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...Essay Questions for Cirric Development Q#1 Lord George Robertson was known as an independent-minded leader who takes personal decisions seriously. For instance, he opposed the decision to unilaterally disarm nuclear weapons.[1] However, it is pertinent to mention that some of the decisions made by Robertson have been quite illogical. He was expected to support the disarmament proposal after joining NATO even though he never showed any interest or willingness to do so. To a large extent, Roberson was heavily inclined towards supporting American interests at the expense of NATO affairs. Nonetheless, he took a firm position in the fight against terrorism especially after the September 11 terror attacks in the United States. As a matter of fact, conjuring the fifth article on mutual defense was a pragmatic step in the right direction for the NATO Secretary General. The fight against terrorism received a new boost during his reign. Some of his critics believed that he could have done better in his leadership style than he portrayed while at the helm of NATO.[2] NATO involvement in Afghanistan could be deemed as one of the failures of Lord Robertson because he permitted the action. The gross humanitarian crisis created by NATO involvement could not be equated to the skewed objectives of the move. On the other hand, Lord Robertson played a crucial role in the campaigns to keep Scotland under the United Kingdom. This followed attempts by some leaders in Scotland to separate the...
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...CoNTE j\:\PORA.R'f Contents Foreword Preface iii v Chapter 1 The Cold War Era 1 Chapter 2 The End of Bipolarity 17 Chapter 3 US Hegemony in World Politics 31 Chapter 4 Alternative Centres of Power 51 Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia 65 Chapter 6 International Organisations 81 Chapter 7 Security in the Contemporary World 99 Chapter 8 Environment and Natural Resources 117 Chapter 9 Globalisation 135 Chapter 1 The Cold War Era OVERVIEW This chapter provides a backdrop to the entire book. The end of the Cold War is usually seen as the beginning of the contemporary era in world politics which is the subject matter of this book. It is, therefore, appropriate that we begin the story with a discussion of the Cold War. The chapter shows how the dominance of two superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union, was central to the Cold War. It tracks the various arenas of the Cold War in different parts of the world. The chapter views the NonAligned Movement (NAM) as a challenge to the dominance of the two superpowers and describes the attempts by the non-aligned countries to establish a New International Economic Order (NIEO) as a means of attaining economic development and political independence. It concludes with an assessment of India’s role in NAM and asks how successful the policy of nonalignment has been in protecting India’s interests. The end of the Second...
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...A COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT REPORT On Effectiveness of Marine Logistics Submitted to S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION In Gujarat Technological University UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Faculty Guide: Company Guide: Ms. Parinaz Todiwala Mr.Pravin Dixit Assistant Professor MD (Kshitij Marine Services Pvt. Ltd.) Submitted by Ms. Harshita Kakar [Batch No. 2011-13, Enrollment No. 118050592001] Ms. Nupur Mishra[Batch No. 2011-13, Enrollment No. 118050592005 ] MBA SEMESTER III S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT - 805 MBA PROGRAMME Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad December, 2012 Company Certificate (For Sem. 3) (On Company Letterhead) This is certified that Ms. Harshita Kakar and Ms. Nupur Mishra from S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, are carrying out the research on the subject titled “ ” at this company / organisation under the supervision of Mr. Pravin Dixit, from Sep, 2012 to Dec, 2012. I also certify that, the above mentioned students have carried the research work satisfactorily. Place: - Surat Date: - _________ ( to be announced later on) ________________ (Name & Designation) Students’ Declaration We, Ms. Harshita Kakar &...
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...Quazi Tasnim Hasan ID # 112 111 051 Assignment No. 4 What is economic integration? For the Last 65 years, the world has undergone significant changes. The decade of the 1970s was dominated by the two energy crises. Industrial economies were faced with a new “enemy”: stagflation—a combination of high inflation and unemployment. Developing countries were increasingly becoming more dependent on foreign borrowing and centrally planned economies were unable to secure economic growth. Furthermore, the world witnessed a radical transformation during the past two decades. The greatest economic experiment of the twentieth century was the movement from communism to a market economy, which began in Mikhail Gorbachev’s Russia in the mid-1980s, and then spread to Eastern Europe at the beginning of the 1990s and to China later on during the same decade. Although the transition to a free market has led to disappointing outcomes, most Eastern Europe countries have concentrated on integrating their economies with Europe and on becoming part of the EU. All these events led to the world becoming more and more global in nature and to defining globalization as a closer economic integration among nations through increased trade and capital flows. It also refers to labor movement and technology transfer across international borders as well as cultural and political issues, which are beyond the scope of this chapter. Globalization is the result of technological processes occurring mainly in the...
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...A COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT REPORT On Effectiveness of Marine Logistics Submitted to S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION In Gujarat Technological University UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Faculty Guide: Company Guide: Ms. Parinaz Todiwala Mr.Pravin Dixit Assistant Professor MD (Kshitij Marine Services Pvt. Ltd.) Submitted by Ms. Harshita Kakar [Batch No. 2011-13, Enrollment No. 118050592001] Ms. Nupur Mishra[Batch No. 2011-13, Enrollment No. 118050592005 ] MBA SEMESTER III S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT - 805 MBA PROGRAMME Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad December, 2012 Company Certificate (For Sem. 3) (On Company Letterhead) This is certified that Ms. Harshita Kakar and Ms. Nupur Mishra from S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, are carrying out the research on the subject titled “ ” at this company / organisation under the supervision of Mr. Pravin Dixit, from Sep, 2012 to Dec, 2012. I also certify that, the above mentioned students have carried the research work satisfactorily. Place: - Surat Date: - _________ ( to be announced later on) ________________ (Name & Designation) Students’ Declaration We, Ms. Harshita Kakar &...
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...Bruce W. Jentleson Strategic Recalibration: Framework for a 21stCentury National Security Strategy T he release of the Obama administration’s 2014 National Security Strategy comes amidst increasing criticism of its strategic savvy. Some are rank partisan, some Monday-morning quarterbacking. Some, though, reflect the intensifying debate over the optimal U.S. foreign policy strategy for our contemporary era. At one end of the debate are those advocating retrenchment, who see limited global threats on one hand and prioritize domestic concerns on the other—be they the budget-cutting of the Tea Party right or the nation-building-at-home of the progressive left. At the other end are neoconservatives and others pushing for re-assertiveness. This is based on a bullish assessment of U.S. power and the contention that it still is both in the U.S. national interest and that of world order for the United States to be the dominant nation. While retrenchment overestimates the extent to which the United States can stand apart, reassertiveness overestimates the extent to which it can sit atop. The United States must remain deeply and broadly engaged in the world, but it must do so through a strategy of recalibration to the geopolitical, economic, technological, and other dynamics driving this 21st-century world. This entails a re-appraisal of U.S. interests, re-assessment of U.S. power, and re-positioning Bruce W. Jentleson is a Professor at Duke University, Sanford...
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...time) 1) Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 31 May 2014 abolished all the Empowered Groups of Ministers (EGoMs) and Groups of Ministers (GoMs) and told Ministries and departments to take decisions on pending matters. How many EGoMs and GoMs were working on different issues that have now been abolished? – 30 (These include 9 EGoMs and 21 GoMs. These EGoMs and GoMs were constituted during the UPA regime of Manmohan Singh and were formed to take decisions on issues like corruption, inter-State water disputes, administrative reforms and gas and telecom pricing. EGoMs had the power to take decisions on the line of the Union Cabinet. The recommendations of the GoMs were placed before the Cabinet for a final call) 2) The Chief Executive of Lok Sabha Television (LSTV) Rajiv Mishra was sacked from his post by Meira Kumar, the Speaker of the 15th Lok Sabha, on 30 May 2014. This sacking was done by 3) India lost in its first tie of the 13th FIH Men’s Hockey World Cup that started from 31 May 2014. India lost to Belgium by 2-3 to start its campaign on a losing note. This World Cup is being held at – The Hague, Netherlands (The 13th FIH Men’s Hockey World Cup is being held from 31 May to 15 June 2014 at Kyocera Hockey Stadium at the Hague. 12 teams participating in the Hockey World Cup are – Argentina, Australia, Belgium, England, Germany, India, Malaysia, Netherlands (the hosts), New Zealand, South Africa, South Korea and Spain) 4) Who emerged as the winner in the Presidential Elections in the...
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...CHAPER ONE RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE Definition The mere statement on the part of a religion that its own beliefs and practices are correct and any contrary beliefs incorrect does not in itself constitute intolerance (i.e., ideological intolerance). There are many cases throughout history of established religions tolerating other practices. Religious intolerance, rather, is when a group (e.g., a society, religious group, non-religious group) specifically refuses to tolerate practices, persons or beliefs on religious grounds (i.e., intolerance in practice). Historical perspectives According to the 19th century British historian Arnold Toynbee, for a religious establishment to persecute another religion for being "wrong" ironically puts the persecuting religion in the wrong, undermining its own legitimacy.( Toynbee, Arnold (1947). "Failure of Self-Determination". In Dorothea Grace Somervell. A Study of History: Abridgment of Volumes I - VI. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 300. ISBN 0-19-505081-9.). Contemporary attitude and practice The constitutions of some countries contain provisions expressly forbidding the state from engaging in certain acts of religious intolerance or preference within its own borders; examples include The First Amendment of the United States Constitution - (the exception being "manifest destiny" which was manufactured by the prevailing powers as well as the church, to suspend this "right" for all North American indigenous peoples,...
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...nis. Published b y Prentice -Hall. Co pyright © 2006 by Pear son Edu cation, In c. ISBN: 0-536-12116-8 L The sociological perspective shows us patterns of behavior common within a society. Here, a member of Brazil’s Pataxo tribe offers a traditional greeting to a visitor. Societ y: The Basics, Eighth Ed itio n by Jo hn J. Ma cio nis. Published b y Prentice -Hall. Co pyright © 2006 by Pear son Edu cation, In c. I f you were to ask 100 people, “Why do couples marry?” it is a safe bet that at least ninety would reply, “People marry because they fall in love.” Indeed, it is hard for us to imagine a happy marriage without love; likewise, when people fall in love, we expect them to think about marriage. But is the decision about whom to marry really so simple and so personal? There is plenty of evidence that if love is the key to marriage, Cupid’s arrow is carefully aimed by the society around us. In short, society has a number of “rules” about whom we should marry. What are they? Right off the bat, society rules out half the population because U.S. laws (despite recent actions in cities such as San Francisco and likely change in Massachusetts) do not allow people to marry someone of the same sex even if the couple is deeply in love. But there are other rules as well. Sociologists have found that people—especially when they are young—are very likely to marry someone close in age, and men and women of all ages typically marry someone of the same race...
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...M A G A Z I N E FA L L 2 0 0 2 Volume 20 Number 2 SPANNING THE GLOBE Duke Leads the Way in International Law Teaching and Scholarship inside plus Duke admits smaller, exceptionally well-qualified class Duke’s Global Capital Markets Center to launch new Directors’ Education Institute from the dean Dear Alumni and Friends, It is not possible, these days, for a top law school to be anything other than an international one. At Duke Law, we no longer think of “international” as a separate category. Virtually everything we do has some international dimension, whether it concerns international treaties and protocols, commercial transactions across national borders, international child custody disputes, criminal behavior that violates international human rights law, international sports competitions, global environmental regulation, international terrorism, or any number of other topics. And, of course, there is little that we do at Duke that does not involve scholars and students from other countries, who are entirely integrated with U.S. scholars and students. Students enrolled in our joint JD/LLM program in international and comparative law receive an in-depth education in both the public and private aspects of international and comparative law, enriched by the ubiquitous presence of foreign students; likewise, the foreign lawyers who enroll in our one-year LLM program in American law enroll in the same courses, attend the same conferences...
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...The Occupy movement is an international protest movement against social and economic inequality, its primary goal being to make the economic and political relations in all societies less vertically hierarchical and more flatly distributed. Local groups often have different foci, but among the movement's prime concerns is the belief that large corporations and the global financial system control the world in a way that disproportionately benefits a minority, undermines democracy and is unstable.[8][9][10][11] The first Occupy protest to receive wide coverage was Occupy Wall Street in New York City's Zuccotti Park, which began on 17 September 2011. By 9 October, Occupy protests had taken place or were ongoing in over 95 cities across 82 countries, and over 600 communities in the United States.[12][13][14][15][16] Although most active in the United States, by October 2012 there had been Occupy protests and occupations in dozens of other countries across every continent except Antarctica. For its first two months, authorities largely adopted a tolerant approach toward the movement,[citation needed] but this began to change in mid-November 2011 when they began forcibly removing protest camps. By the end of 2011 authorities had cleared most of the major camps, with the last remaining high profile sites – in Washington DC and London – evicted by February 2012.[17][18][19][20] The Occupy movement is partly inspired by the Arab Spring,[21][22] and the Portuguese[23] and Spanish Indignants...
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...International Journal of Global Business, 7 (1), 77-94, June 2014 77 Building Global Strategic Alliances and Coalitions for Foreign Investment Opportunities Dr. Balarabe A. Jakada Department of Business Administration and Entrepreneurship Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. bajakada@yahoo.com Abstract Global strategic alliance and coalition is a diffuse way of effective combination of strengths of companies aiming at entering new markets, exploring new technologies, bypassing government entry restrictions and to learn quickly from the leading firm in the partnership, all in an effort to exploit foreign investment opportunities. Strategic alliances are however, not easy to develop and support. They often fail because of technical errors made by management of member firms. To make it a success, a strong and efficient alliance agreement has to be in place to enable companies to gain in markets that would otherwise be uneconomical. Building alliances requires considerable time and energy from all parties involved with a detailed plan, expectations, limitations and scopes, and the likely benefits drivable from the project. Alliances take a number of forms and go by various labels. Alliances may be contracts, limited partnerships, general partnerships, or corporate joint ventures, or may take less formal forms, such as a referral network. The paper is aimed at exploring and educating prospective and allied businesses or firms the need and significance of across border coalition, and...
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