...Obedience to Authorit Obedience to Authority Obedience is a term that can take place in many forms and with diverse individuals, especially with those who are authoritative figures. With many forms of destruction and life-threatening violence taking place during the middle part of the 20th century, many psychologists and scientists took interest in how ordinary individuals reacted to individuals in authority. One psychology in particular, Stanley Milgram, conducted a series of experiments investigating individuals’ obedient behavior to authoritative figures, whether positive deeds or acts of violence. This paper will summarize Milgram’s famous research as well as analyze the most current research of conforming to authority. Additionally, this paper will examine the current research on Milgram's findings from the early part of the 1960s. Summary of Milgram's Research Stanley Milgram (1963) was a social psychologist who set out to investigate human obedience, especially following the Second World War and in particular, the Holocaust (Milgram, 1963). Milgram’s interest was to conduct a study to answer the research question, are Germans different? However, as Milgram began to develop a tool used for studying obedience, he soon discovered that all individuals are remarkably obedient to people in authority. Milgram chose a naive subject to administer a dangerous electric shock to a victim, which releases voltage ranges from 15 to 450 (Milgram, 1963). Throughout the experiment...
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...Signature:…………………………………………………………………… Candidate’s Name: Eyra Lydie Gnanih Date: Thursday, 12th April 2012 I hereby declare that the preparation and presentation of the thesis were supervised in accordance with the guidelines on supervision of thesis laid down by Ashesi University College. Supervisor’s Signature:…………………………………………………………………….. Supervisor’s Name: Dr Stephen E. Armah Date:………………………………….. ii Acknowledgement Gratitude goes to my parents for their encouragement, support, and inspiration. To Dr Stephen E. Armah, my thesis supervisor, thank you for the constructive criticisms and timely feedback which were of exceptional help in completing this project. For the reception and openness of the Secretary of the Public Procurement Authority and for the reports and information made available by Mr Alex Osei-Bonsu of the same institution, thank you. This project would not have been possible without the generosity and willingness of the heads of high schools and the contributions of teachers and procurement staff who participated in the study. To all of you, I am grateful. Abigail Badu, Nana Yaw Nketia and Ira Asiam, thank you for helping keep the pace. Finally, my heartfelt gratitude to all cited above and all other encountered people who have contributed in their own little ways. iii Abstract The aim of this project was...
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...Impact of Security Permits on Aviation Security at Dubai International Airport Submitted To: Submitted By: Abstract The research paper evaluates the impact of security permits that are adopted by Civil Aviation Authority at Dubai International Airport to strengthen the security of the airport. It identifies the significance of security measures to be adopted at this airport to ensure the safety and security of local and foreign passengers who travel to and from the airport. Considering the requirements of the aviation security at Dubai airport, the responsible authorities should adopt latest technologies and best scanning system and training of security professionals to ensure the security of airport building, equipments and passengers is protected. The paper evaluates how safety and security regulations are adopted to ensure stringent security at the airport to overcome terrorist threats in this part of the Middle East. The paper also determines how effectively the Civil Aviation Authority has developed stringent measures in consultation and coordination with airport operators, security officials and airport staff members. The paper gives best suggestions to implement effective scanning system at the airport and to develop strong coordination world international airports to strengthen Dubai airport security. The paper illustrates how the confidence of passengers have been increased to ensure their life and belongings will be in complete protection due to the...
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...Roles, authority and involvement of the management accounting function: a multiple case-study perspective Caroline Lambert HEC, Paris 1, rue de la Libération 78351 Jouy en Josas Cedex lambert@hec.fr Samuel Sponem Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers GREG-CRC (EA 2430) samuel.sponem@cnam.fr Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to participants at the European Accounting Association Conference 2009, the Accounting department ESSEC seminar, France, and at the seminar of Ecole de Comptabilité de l’Université Laval, Québec, Canada for their constructive comments on earlier drafts of this paper. They also wish to thank and useful suggestions of members of the CriM group, Martin Messner and Juhani Vaivio. We would particularly like to thank Markus Granlund and the two anonymous reviewers for their many helpful comments and suggestions. Both authors thank ‘Fondation HEC’ and ‘Agence Nationale de la Recherche’ for their fundings. Abstract Recent techniques and shifts in the environment are often foreseen as leading management accountants to adopt a business orientation. However, empirical evidence pointing to fundamental shifts in the roles played by management accountants remains relatively scarce. We explore this paradox and give sense to the various roles played by the management accounting function by focusing on how management accountants are involved in and endowed with authority in decision-making situations. Using data we gathered from 73 interviews in ten...
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...Writing a research report The following is a general guide to writing a research report focused on GIS, spatial analysis, or modeling. See the general resources page for other guides for writing and research. This presents some standard conventions for writing journal articles but highlights where you may want to make changes for a class report or thesis. Journal article. The 'standard' format used by most journals is a bit restrictive because it reflects traditional publishing practices. Figures and tables, for example, are usually attached as separate pages at the end of your text instead of being embedded in the text itself because it is easier to photograph them for publishing and the text itself is easier to typeset. Class report. Class reports are less restrictive in form and content than journal articles but they still share many characteristics. Conventions such as line double spacing and use of 12 point serif fonts like Times New Roman are designed to make it easier for your reader to review the paper and provide annotations where necessary. Take special notice of the "Top 10 Checklist" as these are items that are particularly important for class reports. Quick Links: Report structure General Considerations Top 10 Checklist References Report Structure The paper should be divided into sections that make the logical sequence of the argument clear. Common sections are described below. Treat these as what they are, suggestions. Some things, like the...
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...Obedience to Authority Making a significant contribution to social psychology, Stanley Milgram focused his studies on authority, specifically on how individuals react to it and are obedient to it. His groundbreaking and famous experiment surprised the world of social psychology, as well as society as a whole (Blass, 2002). Throughout this paper, the reasoning behind Milgram’s study of obedience to authority will be discussed. Additionally, the experiment will be explained, beginning with the formulation and ending with the results. Lastly, the influence of the experiment on social psychology, as well as current research on this topic will be covered. Historical Perspective To gain a better understanding of Milgram’s substantial contributions to social psychology, an examination of the historical period in which he started his career is necessary. According to Mastroianni (2002), World War II had just begun and everyone was still traumatized by the alarming reality of what was happening during the war in Europe. As the Nazi concentration camps were being discovered, the world began to find out about Hitler’s plan to purify the “supreme race” (Mastroianni, 2002). The most shocking part of the holocaust was the plans that Hitler had were being implemented (Mastroianni, 2002). Due to the unfolding events happening during World War II, Blass (2002) pointed out that there were many unanswered questions at the time. As a society, people just could not understand how one person...
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...examination. This School Based Assessment (S.B.A) entails the study and results of a Community of the researcher’s choice Brown’s Hall in St. Catherine, Jamaica. It focuses on a specific social problem that the community is currently experiencing, the cause, effects and solutions of a problem. This project is also in the aid of highlighting the problems that face the residents of the community while ensuring confidentiality. Statement of Problem To what extent does inadequate water supply affects the residents of my community? Research Questions 1. What is the level of efficiency of water supply in my community? 2. What is the cause of inadequate water supply in my community? 3. What are some of the effects of inadequate water supply in my community? 4. What are some of the solutions that can be implemented to change the level of water supply in my community? Reason for Selecting the Area of Research This area of research was chosen because over the past fifteen (15) years the researcher has been living in the community of Brown’s Hall, we have not had any adequate water supply in the community. During this time water is obtained by other...
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...A SIMPLE REPRESENTATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTIONS Annesha Zeheen Introduction This paper attempts to graphically present a simplified version of the activities of a microfinance institution (MFI) with a view to facilitating our understanding of its activities and role in economic development, creating an enabling environment for MFIs to work, promoting and fostering sustainable development of microfinance institutions and comprehending the need and ways to regulate them. The main function of a microfinance institution is to provide sustainable financial services mainly to the small borrowers and clients. Intially 5 to 6 like-minded persons mostly women organize a Group, several groups make a Center. Usually memebrs have to attend the weekly meetings and deposit weekly savings. The loans are mostly provided against little or no collateral, but repayment rate is generally commendable because of the peer pressure originated from members of groups. MFIs’ services are not limited to credit, but include savings, insurance, money transfers and others. The credit-deposit methods include group-lending and -liability, short repayment period with frequent installments, pre-loan savings requirements, gradually increasing loan sizes, and an implicit guarantee of ready access to future loans if present loans are repaid fully and promptly[1]. (Microfinance Gateway 2009). Borrowers take micro-loans for starting or expanding small busenesses, fro the profit of...
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...Chapter C:1 Tax Research Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Distinguish between closed fact and open fact tax situations. 2. Describe the steps in the tax research process. 3. Explain how the facts influence tax consequences. 4. Identify the sources of tax law and assess the authoritative value of each. 5. Consult tax services to research an issue. 6. Apply the basics of Internet-based tax research. 7. Use the citator to assess authorities. 8. Describe professional guidelines that CPAs in tax practice should follow. 9. Prepare work papers and communicate to clients. Areas of Greater Significance Since this will usually be a student’s first exposure to tax research, the importance of the facts to the tax results, federal tax services and the citator should be discussed. The widespread use of Internet-based databases for tax research makes this means of tax research much more important. An effort should be made to introduce Internet-based searches to the students if at all possible. The text discusses two types of professional guidelines for CPAs in tax practice. Areas of Lesser Significance In the interest of time, the following areas may be omitted: Sample work papers and client letter (Appendix A). Problem Areas for Students The following areas may prove especially difficult to students: ...
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...PREPAREDNESS OF LAWMA IN SORTING OF HOUSEHOLD WASTES - CASE STUDY OF ALIMOSHO LOCAL GOVERNMENT (IYANA IPAJA AND ENVIRONS) LAGOS STATE BY ANWULI JOY NWOSU MATRIC NO: 030802060 In Partial Fulfillment for the Award of Master in Environmental Management (MEM) OCTOBER, 2014 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this research project on Preparedness of Household waste sorting around Iyana Ipaja and its environs as a case study was done by Joy………… in the department of Chemistry under the supervision of my Project Supervisor. ……………………………………… ……………………………… Prject Supervisor Date ……………………………….. ……………………………………. (HOD, Chemistry Department, Unilag) Date DEDICATION AKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT This study examines the overview and the concepts of household waste sorting – waste prevention, collection, recycling and reuse, followed by household analysis using empirical data. The analysis shows the average mean weight composition of household waste sortingat source ranges from 0.50kg to 0.63kg paper, 2.21kg to 3.29kg putrescibles, 0.85kg to 1.41kg glass, 0.52kg to 0.68 plastic and 0.89kg to 1.20kg cans. The average percentage composition of wastes ranges from 10% paper to 45% putrescibles. From the analysis, there is a low level of household awareness about the preparedness of household waste sorting at source, and hence low level of participation in household waste sorting, disposal and recycling. The study also concludes the need for strengthening the relationship of proper...
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...Transport policy in 2011: a new direction? RESEARCH PAPER 11/22 2 March 2011 This paper outlines the changes made to transport policy by the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition Government and looks at some of the long term transport challenges the government is likely to face over the course of this Parliament. It complements and updates House of Commons research paper 10/28, Transport policy in 2010: a rough guide. Louise Butcher Matthew Keep Recent Research Papers 11/05 Social Indicators 18.01.11 11/06 Scotland Bill [Bill 115 of 2010-11] 19.01.11 11/07 Estates of Deceased Persons (Forfeiture Rule and Law of 19.01.11 Succession) Bill [Bill 8 of 2010-11] 11/08 Unemployment by Constituency, January 2011 19.01.11 11/09 Fixed-term Parliaments Bill: Commons Stages 21.01.11 11/10 UK Defence and Security Policy: A New Approach? 21.01.11 11/11 Health and Social Care Bill [Bill 132 of 2010-11] 27.01.11 11/12 Economic Indicators, February 2011 01.02.11 11/13 Anonymity (Arrested Persons) Bill [Bill 9 of 2010-11] 02.02.11 11/14 Education Bill [Bill 137 of 2010-11] 03.02.11 11/15 Budget Responsibility and National Audit Bill [HL] 08.02.11 [Bill 143 of 2010-11] 11/16 The Local Government Finance Settlement 2011-13 08.02.11 11/17 Legislation (Territorial Extent) Bill [Bill 10 of 2010-11] 08.02.11 11/18 Wash-up 2010 11.02.11 11/19 Unemployment...
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...Epistemological Reflection in the First Year Experience Course Program Charge The Student Development Division staff subcommittee of ABC Community College has been tasked to present to the Dean of Student Affairs a theory based program to foster student development. The subcommittee proposes a revision to the first year experience course curriculum which will integrate outcomes based on Baxter Magolda’s Model of Epistemological Reflection. Proposed Program Goal and Context Overall, this program is designed to “validate students as knowers, situate learning in the students’ experiences, encourage the processes of jointly constructed knowledge, and facilitate learning relationships that empower students” (Bock, 1999, p. 39). More specifically, the First Year Experience Curriculum Revision will challenge first-year community college students’ assumptions about the nature, limits, and certainty of knowledge (Evans et al., 2010, p. 125). Target Demographic The traditional and nontraditional community college students enrolled in a first year experience course are the target demographic for this program. While the average age of the community college student is twenty nine years old, the students enrolled in the first year experience course will range from new high school graduates to working adults. Program Description The proposed student development initiative will be carried out through curriculum revision of a First Year Experience Course. This course will...
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...WORKING PAPER USING ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION AND LEADERSHIP TO LEVERAGE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: LESSONS FROM GHANA Mr. Isaac Kwasi Egyir Human Ecology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, BELGIUM Email: iegyir@vub.ac.be CONTENT PAGE ACRONYMS 3 ABSTRACT 4 1. Introduction 5 1.1 The Definition and Concept of Communication 5 1.1.1 Concept of Environmental Communication 6 1.2 The Definition and Concept of Leadership 8 1.2.1 Concept of Environmental Leadership 9 1.3 Link between Environmental Communication and Leadeship 10 2. Statement of Research the Problem 10 2.1 Objectives of the Paper 11 2.2 Guiding Hypotheses 11 3. Conceptual Framework of the Paper 11 4. Materials and Methods 13 4.1 The Study Location 13 4.2 Data Collection Analysis 13 5. Results and Discussion 15 5.1 The State of Ghana's Environment 16 5.1.1 Perception of Environmental Problems in Ghana 16 5.2 Environmental Policy and Implementing Instituitions in Ghana 17 5.2.1 Economic Recovery Programme (ERP) 18 5.2.2 National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) 18 5.2.3 Ghana Environmental REsources Management systems (GERMS) 19 5.2.4 Forest and Wildlife Policy 20 5.2.5 Environment Sanitation Policy (ESP) 20 5.2.6 Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA) 20 5.3 Environmental Implementing...
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...from freeways, the achievable throughput is subject to regulatory constraints such as speeds and societal limitations such as headways between vehicles. Historical traffic volumes indicate that hourly throughputs per lane are generally increasing over time. This reflects a reduction in headways between vehicles as motorists’ acceptable and safe gaps between vehicles become smaller. As a direct consequence, the capacity of freeways has been observed to increase over time. The most recent edition of the US Highway Capacity Manual indicates a ceiling value significantly higher than that applied fifteen years prior. This paper has set out to identify the changing values of capacities over time as applied to freeway traffic conditions. The paper examines capacity in the context of observed volumes to date from both an Australian and International experience. This paper then examines the car following algorithm in the VISSIM microsimulation software to benchmark the similarity of the maximum freeway capacity against these observed volumes. This review of existing literature was initially undertaken when developing a VISSIM microsimulation model to examine the application of forecast...
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...September 2008 CONTENTS Page 1. 2 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................1 PREPARATION ................................................................................................................................2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................2 PURPOSE ..............................................................................................................................2 PLANNING ..............................................................................................................................2 RESEARCH ............................................................................................................................2 CONTENTS OF A REPORT ............................................................................................................3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................3 TITLE PAGE ...........................................................................................................................3 CONTENTS PAGE ...................................................................................................................3 THE SUMMARY ..................................
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