...engaged in agriculture. Only 12 percent is engaged in industry. Unemployment is estimated at around 18.5 percent. In terms of age structure, it is more youthful than in the western countries. Heavy pressure of population on scarce land has no doubt created an extremely unfavorable land-man ratio. The GDP of Bangladesh is total $258.608 billion, Per Capital $1,572 (estimate 2010). Due to rapid growth of the population in the last few decades the Bangladeshi labor force has grown rapidly, as there were a large proportion of young people born in the 1960s and 1970s. According to the EIU Country Profile the Bangladeshi labor force almost doubled in a matter of a decade, growing from 30.9 million people in 1985-86 to 56.0 million people in 1995-96. Although all sectors of the national economy experienced significant growth, they were far below the speed of the labor force growth. According to Bangladeshi national statistics, in 1995-96 only 12.4 percent of the labor force had formal employment, while 40 percent were considered "employed in family-based" businesses, 29.6 percent were considered "self-employed," and 17.9 percent had their jobs on a "daily basis." In general, the competition for working positions in the country is intense, and the working conditions are very harsh, especially in rural areas, where 63 percent of the labor force is employed. Automation factory is doing well in many country of the world. Automation poses certain peculiar problems for developing countries ...
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...Checklists in the textbook were used in the decision-making process. Projects Problem I propose to do my research paper on how Information Technology systems and Automation impacts employment. Sub Problem None Hypothesis My hypothesis is that information technology has a negative impact on the employment and unemployment rate especially in blue collar occupations. Importance of the Study The importance of the study is to identify how Information Technology systems and automations cause the loss of jobs in businesses across the world. Text Checklist The checklists in the textbook were used in the decision-making process of my paper. Delimitations 1. The researcher is a Company Commander as well as a full-time student at Webster University. 2. The researcher only has 8 weeks to prepare the report and present its findings. 3. The researcher is limited to secondary research only. 4. The researcher is not an expert in this topic Key Definitions of Terms of Premise Automation – is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat treating ovens, switching in telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships or aircraft and other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention. Information Technology (IT) – is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business...
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...of computers to control a particular process in order to increase reliability and efficiency, often through the replacement of employees. For a manufacturer, this could entail using robotic assembly lines to manufacture a product. Automation is the use of control systems (such as numerical control, programmable logic control, and other industrial control systems), in concern with other applications of information technology (such as computer-aided technologies [CAD, CAM], to control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Processes and systems can also be automated. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the global economy and in daily experience. Engineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities. Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie beyond the scope of automation. Human-level pattern recognition, language recognition, and language production ability are well beyond the capabilities of modern mechanical and computer systems. Tasks requiring subjective assessment or synthesis of complex sensory...
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...are the workers. They were being herded as they were streaming out of the Steel factory. Little Tramp played by Chaplin notices that the automation and productivity had literally changed the worker’s views, altering the masses like some livestock of obedient workers. It was as if they did nothing but work a lot with the inclusion of getting paid the least. Furthermore the factory owner or the boss was viewed as someone that was happy and relaxed who watched over all the workers through a pair of panoptic lenses. None of the workers were allowed to neglect any of the boss’s orders. Tramp was seen as a factory worker that has been exhausted from doing repetitive work on the conveyor belt. Critically the flock of sheep filmic metaphor shows that the workers have a sheep like behavior. Even though the two things were meant to represent the same thing; the phenomenon transfer of meaning can be seen as unambiguous. The crowd remains as the crowd and the sheep remains as the sheep. The association of the two simply incites the effect of the symbolic leap from one to the other based on a level that acquires a relative value. 2. The film covers various themes (unemployment, automation, food shortages, and political repression). Choose two of these themes and describe the ways in which the film highlights them. Unemployment Unemployment is highlighted throughout the Modern Times film for Tramp. After getting fired from jobs Tramp would go back to being unemployed and start...
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...Automation Vs Mechanization ESL 6150 Noble Reddy Kotla Wilmington University February 25, 2015 Abstract Automation and Mechanization are often confused because mechanization saves human power, automation saves human judgement. Automation is another form of human thinking which has replaced human thinking by computers and other machines. Automation has bought many changes to the world it has created many jobs for skilled workers. Mechanization is nothing but replacement of human activities with the machines. Automation plays a vital role in today’s generation it has reduced the manual labor work. Mechanization is referred to as human aid and automation is referred as human controlling. Automation and mechanization have bought drastic changes to society when they have come to existence. The existence of automation and mechanization has got up the second industrial revolution which has created a lot of sociological problems. Automation refers to the replacement of human muscle work. Eventually, Machine created vast difference comparing to man from the times. Since the Industrial revolution started from year 1700, demand for cotton was high but manual power didn’t reach to its level making dull business in the service sector but after inventing machine in industrial sector there was rose of production. Automation is using automatic machines which are processed by software programs and mechanization is manual power used for controlling machines. Most of industries use automated...
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...book Race against the Machine, says “we ain’t seen nothing yet.” In the United States, the fast food industry has one of the highest employee turnover rates at 50 percent, costing the industry about $3.4 billion in recruiting and training. Many chains are already looking for ingenious ways to take humans out of the picture, threatening workers in an industry that employs 2.4 million wait staffers, nearly 3 million cooks and food preparers and many of the United States’ 3.3 million cashiers. Automation in the fast food industry has already started. In Europe, McDonald’s “hired” 7,000 touch-screen kiosks to handle cashiering duties, taking orders and handling payments. The use of touch screens at drive-thrus will also soon be available. While the full automation of fast-food cashiers isn’t here just yet, researchers and those in the business say it’s only a matter of time before ordering and payment become primarily self-service. In this essay I would like to discuss another type of automation, a technology which I believe will further revolutionize and potentially result in a significant number of jobs lost in the fast food industry, the burger making robot or burger bot. The burger bot doesn’t just flip the beef patties; it actually makes the burgers from start to finish. It may sound ludicrous at first, but start to think about the economic and social implications that it will have towards the fast food industry and sooner you realize that the seriousness of its impact. A tech...
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...ANTONINE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Project for Managerial Macro-Economics course Robots, AI and the Economy Presented By Dany CHAMOUN Under the direction of Dr. Hala NASSIF FREIHA Fall 2015/2016 Baabda Contents Table of Figures Introduction 1 1. Role of technology to the economic development 2 2. Robots at work 2 3. Unemployment in the economy 3 4. Effect of AI and robots on unemployment. 3 Examples of affected jobs 5 Conclusion 6 Appendix – answers of some industry experts to the Pew Research Center 7 References 8 Table of Figures Figure 1 - The Pew Research Center study results 4 Figure 2 - economists poll result concerning automation and unemployment 5 Introduction Robots: these fascinating inventions that have long captured the imagination of novel writers all around the world are now becoming a reality; and their possible effect on the economy is yet to be studied and understood. Technology has so far played an important and critical part in economic development; from the first human made tool to the recent assembly-line robots. From the invention of steam engines, to the industrial revolution, to the invention of the transistor, to the internet … advancement in technology is a fine determinant of economic growth which makes them truly related. Robert Solow estimated that technology accounted for about 2/3 of the U.S. economy growth, after allowing for growth in both labor force...
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...every country we visit just to see the different foods they offer. When we walked into France’s McDonalds I was shocked. To my surprise, I did not see a normal counter with registers, I saw five big screens taller than me. Customers would order food and pay right on the touch screens. They would get a number and would have to come up to the counter to pick it up. The only workers at the restaurant were the cooks. Robots have completely replaced cashiers in that McDonalds. For many this would sound like a nightmare, but I disagree. Fears of job loss due to robots has been around for decades. Every new generation has their own anxieties about it. While automation has eliminated jobs in specific fields, the total number of employed people is not declining, it is actually rising. The United States is experiencing the lowest unemployment rate in decades. Robots are crucial to our...
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...Automation and Computerization in the Developing World Name Institution Contents Introduction 3 A review of the impacts of technological changes in the labor market 3 Demand for enhanced skills 5 Effects of computing and automated services on the job market 6 The rise of white collar jobs 6 Elimination of low-skilled workforce 6 New skills to match the new requirements 7 Alterations in the worker's relation to the job 8 Changes in the office workplace 9 Human factors in labor provision 9 Disparities in the wage income structure 10 Conclusion 11 References 12 Automation and Computerization in the Developing World Introduction The early 1990 marked a new era of technological advancement in most parts of the developing world. How automation and computerization has affected work in these countries has been a major topic in the learning of labor market trends and wage distribution in the countries that have so far embraced automated computerized technologies in their service industries (Artuc, Chaudhuri & McLaren, 2010, p. 1027). From a historical perspective, the use of calculators and typewriters in offices marked the beginning of computerization and automation of services in the world. This article provides an overview of research on various areas of concerns all that have shaped these paradigms. These considerations takes a keen attention, especially on how technological changes...
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...The report states that” job losses will not be spread evenly across income, as lower skilled, lower waged workers are more at risk of losing work due to automation”. So which jobs are most at risk? According to experts, Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael Osborne, in a 2013 study they released, stated that “recent developments in machine learning will put a substantial share of employment, across a wide range of occupations, at risk in the near future.” Specifically, jobs pertaining to transport and logistics, office support and many workers in the sales and services sector. In the opinions of Mr. Frey and Mr. Osborne, that puts about “47 percent of American jobs at high risk of potential automation”. (https://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21700758-will-smarter-machines-cause-mass-unemployment-automation-and-anxiety) So what does all of this mean? Author, Kevin Kelly Stated it best when he said, “This is not a race against the...
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...discuss major concerns that people should consider today. According to expert’s views due to automation, the unemployment rate will be getting higher. Robots will replace humans in lots of fields where the job is predictable and repetitive. Practically in any field, there are some activities that robots can do. In their conversation, they tried to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of that outcome. What young generation should take into account when choosing their career and what today's workers should...
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...Unemployment occurs when a person who is actively searching for employment is unable to find work. Unemployment is often used as a measure of the health of the economy. The most frequently cited measure of unemployment is the unemployment rate. This is the number of unemployed persons divided by the number of people in the labor force. Many different variations of the unemployment rate exist with different definitions concerning who is an "unemployed person" and who is in the "labor force." For example, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' commonly cites the "U-3" unemployment rate as the official unemployment rate but this definition of unemployment does not include unemployed workers who have become discouraged by a tough labor market and are no longer looking for work. The various schools of economic thought differ on their explanation of the cause of unemployment. Keynesian economics proposes that there is a "natural rate" of unemployment because the skills of laborers and the positions available are slightly out of sync even under the best economic conditions. Neoclassical economics postulates that the labor market is efficient if left alone, but that various interventions, such a minimum wage laws and unionization, put supply and demand out of balance. The nature of unemployment differs according to the level of economic development in a country. India is an underdeveloped economy. The following types of unemployment exist in India: 1. Rural Unemployment: India is...
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...highly regarded in his field and has written for publications including The New York Times, Fortune, Forbes, The Atlantic, The Washington Post, Project Syndicate, The Huffington Post and The Fiscal Times. Ford is the author of the two books, his most recent Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future (2015) and in earlier years The Lights In the Tunnel: Automation, Accelerating Technology and the Economy of the Future (2009). These two books are about dealing with the effects of automation, robots, algorithms and the effects they have on mass-unemployment. Ford is quite unique and in some ways brave in the fact that he was the first 21st century author to publish a book (The Lights in the Tunnel) making a very strong argument that advances in robotics and artificial intelligence would eventually take over a large percentage of the human workforce and in turn make us obsolete. In this wise and wide-ranging book, he surveys the impact robots and smart technology is having upon the economy, work, leisure, education, health care, and the acceleration of inequality and unemployment. Introduction: The central idea of this book by Martin Ford is that smart machines, robots and algorithms are increasingly going to substitute for workers. As we all know these theories have been around before, this isn’t the first time people have been so impressed with new tools that they’ve warned machines may soon make us replaceable. Yet the majority of people don’t seem...
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...automated systems, systems that need one operator a and it can produce more than that of 15 to 20 a lot of cases. what this does the company's is forces them to put new technological advances in their budget to keep up with competition and be more cost effective. This is exactly why the technology is there, to get one step ahead of the competition, and to produce more product, more often. Integrating computers into assembly lines, batch plants, using them for inventory control purposes, data acquisition, data collection, ect., are all very exciting innovations in today's business world. This does a lot in making our world more technologically advanced, however, what happens to our unemployment rates when these workers are replaced with machines. At this point in time in history unemployment rates are actually...
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...automated systems, systems that need one operator a and it can produce more than that of 15 to 20 a lot of cases. what this does the company's is forces them to put new technological advances in their budget to keep up with competition and be more cost effective. This is exactly why the technology is there, to get one step ahead of the competition, and to produce more product, more often. Integrating computers into assembly lines, batch plants, using them for inventory control purposes, data acquisition, data collection, ect., are all very exciting innovations in today's business world. This does a lot in making our world more technologically advanced, however, what happens to our unemployment rates when these workers are replaced with machines. At this point in time in history unemployment rates are actually down, however I see them doing...
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