The B cells structure has specific receptors on its membrane that allow it to bind to chemical messengers. These receptors are BCR receptors; the presence of the BCR is what distinguishes B cells from T cells. By containing these receptors on its outer membrane, it therefore gives it a greater function as it is able to bind to a particular antigen, and express antibodies.
It has a large, round cell body, which is perfect for undergoing cell division in order to differentiate to a plasma cell. Its large body is perfect for engulfing a pathogen and performing phagocytises, as well as presenting antigens on its outer membrane.
The B cell contains the protein Major Histo compatibility complex II or MHC II on the surface of the cytoplasm, in …show more content…
It is the TCR receptors which they contain, that distinguish them from B cells. When the TCR receptors on the T cell comes in contact with another cell (B cell or dendridic cell) that has displayed antigen fragments bound to its MCH II complex, it becomes activated & can then differentiate into helper t cells or cytotoxic cells. So the presence of the receptors allows them to carry out function. The T cells also contain the protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, which is a key regulator in the immune cell signalling.
Like the B cells, T cells have a large, round cell body which allows for phagocytosis to occur. Its constituents, MHC II and other vesicles allow for the presenting of antigens. So, the MHC protein and TCR receptors are required for immune response and overall function.
Natural killer cells have specific proteins inside them, proteins which have the ability to punch holes in the membrane of the invader and destroy it.
The helper T cells, express the CD4 glycoprotein on their surface. This is fundamental as the help t cells role is to send signals to other types of immune cells. The presence of the CD4 protein is what sends the signals. The CD4 protein is also used to interact with the MHC II molecule on other leukocytes. The CD4 protein contains a special sequence of amino acids that allow it to interact with other leukocytes. So, the presence of these …show more content…
This fluid surrounds and bathes all the cells of the body. It gathers when blood is passing through capillaries, some of the constituents of blood pass through the pores of the capillaries. However, no proteins or blood cells pass through as their structures are too big.
This is due to capillaries being under high osmotic pressure, whereby this high pressure causes the fluid to get squeezed out. This is usually at the arterial end of capillaries.
This fluid has a number of functions related to homeostasis of the body. It acts as a medium for cells to send chemical messages to each other, and to carry substances from the blood to the cells, and vice versa. So, it acts as an exchange service, substances passing out of the blood capillaries (oxygen, nutrients), reach the body cells. Whilst waste products (carbon dioxide, urea), pass through the tissue fluid for entrance to the capillaries. It also, protects the cells and tissues from external damage.
The fluid which gets squeezed out of the blood vessels via osmotic pressure gets re entered into the blood stream. However, a percentage doesn’t, this then gets drained into the lymphatic vessels, for entrance into the lymphatic system. It is then called