...Common Sense Approach to Reforming the Federal Tax System On February 3, 2013 marked the 100th birthday of the 16th Amendment. The 16th Amendment paved the way for the creation of the federal income tax that continues to this day to have far reaching repercussions on the American tax payer. Before the ratification of the 16th Amendment, the birth of the federal income tax dates back to the Civil War. In order to finance the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln signed into law Revenue Act of 1861 on August 5, 1861. The Revenue Act consisted of a flat tax rate of 3% on income above $800 and 5% on individuals living outside of the United States. On July 1, 1861 United States Congress repealed the Revenue Act of 1861 and replaced it with the Revenue Act of 1862. The Revenue Act of 1862 introduced a progressive tax and established the Bureau of Internal Revenue. In 1872 Congress repealed the Revenue Act of 1862. One again elected officials tried to revive the federal income tax in 1894. However, in 1895 the federal income tax was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court because the tax was not apportioned according to the population of each state. In an address to Congress on June 16, 1909 President Howard Taft proposed that Congress consider a new amendment to the Constitution. “I recommend, then, first, the adoption of a joint resolution by two-thirds of both Houses, proposing to the States an amendment to the Constitution granting to the Federal Government...
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...How could the combination of the CEA, CER, and MedPac help? Discuss pros and cons. Cost effective analysis allows us to make decision base on the cost of an intervention and the outcomes or benefits of that intervention. A cost effective ratio include average cost effective ratio (acre), incremental cost effective ratio ((icer), and marginal cost effective ratio. These various ratios allows for comparison of a new intervention versus no intervention, other comparable interventions, and future expansions respectively. The advantage of these type of analysis is it allows us to make informed decision. Cost of intervention can be compared to expected outcomes to determine if plans should move forward. The down side of these analysis is...
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...The New Deal and the Pros and the Cons The Great Depression was the worst both economically and physically for the country. Roosevelt was elected in 1932 and began to bring relief with his New Deal. In his first 100 days as President, sixteen pieces of legislation were passed by Congress, He was re-elected twice, and quickly gained the trust of the American people. The New Deal policies helped the United States economy greatly, but some hurt the country . One particularly was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was later declared unconstitutional by Congress. Lots things also stayed very consistent in the New Deal. For example, the Civilian Conservation Corps, and Social Security, since Americans were looking for any help they could get, these acts weren't seen as a detrimental at first. Overall, Roosevelt's New Deal was a success, but it also had lots of stumbling points. Roosevelt proposed to pay farmers for cutting back on production producing. It was supposed to help increase farm prices by decreasing the supply. The government had to deal with the existing surplus .There were a total of six million pigs slaughtered, ten million acres of cotton were burnt. The government wanted to create a shortage to drive the prices up for the farmers. It back fired. The farmers’ income would have been at least as high, if not higher even without Roosevelt's AAA. The farmers found themselves worse off because the National Recovery Administration...
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...HS 543 Health Services Finance May 11 Sec A Course Project The Baby Boomers Impact on Medicare Abstract This project will address the baby boomers impact on Medicare. Baby boomers have changed the world in which we live and the lens through which we view it. The aging of the baby boomers, which is roughly one third of the population, will continue to usher in dramatic changes across most business sectors and areas of our lives in the years to come. The Issue A. How is Medicare Funded? Medicare provides health coverage for 45.2 million people. In 2008, Medicare spent $468 billion for covered items and services. Medicare is paid through two trust fund accounts held by the US Treasury. These funds can only be used for Medicare. The first trust fund is the Hospital Insurance (HI) Trust Fund. It is funded by payroll taxes paid by most employees, employers, and people who are self-employed. Other sources, such as income taxes paid on Social Security benefits, interest earned on the trust fund investments, and Part A premiums from people who are not eligible for premium free Part A. The second trust fund is the Supplementary Medical Insurance (SIM) Trust Fund. It is funded by funds authorized by Congress, premiums from people enrolled in Part B and Part D, and other sources, such as interest earned on the trust fund investments. B. Medicare Plans People with Medicare may be able to get health care coverage in several ways. Original...
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...Table of Contents Acknowledgement 2 Table of Contents 3 Executive Summary 4 HR Scorecard – The Birth 5 HR Scorecard 6 Indicators of HR Scorecard 8 Balanced Scorecard 10 Relation between HR Scorecard & Balance Scorecard 11 Designing HR Scorecard 12 The Implementation 14 Sample HR Scorecard 15 Primary Research Industry Example: The Taj Group 16 Industry Example: NTPC 17 Pros & Cons 18 Conclusion 19 References 20 Executive Summary This project is based on finding the rationale behind the development of HR Scorecard and the reasons behind its successful implementation in companies worldwide. HR Scorecard is a tool used by the organization to match HR deliverables with the strategic aspect of the business. It provides a platform to measure HR performance and efficiency and how it can be molded to adapt to the ever-changing strategies of the company. First the strategy of the business is identified and the basis of that, KPIs of HR Scorecard is designed. Implementation of HR Scorecard involves complete acceptance of the system by the employee as well as the employer. Also it requires the development of a flexible system, which can be revised and reformed according to different scenarios. Overall Performance of Company The Company’s capacity to implement strategy Strategically Focused Employees Performance Measurement System HR Strategic Alignment Knowledge Management System HR Scorecard helps to highlight the role of the...
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...What are the estimated economic benefits of the high speed two (HS2) railway and what will the impact be on the economy in the long run. Table of contents Introduction 1 Research background 1 Research aim 1 Research objectives 2 Research questions 2 Issues 2 Literature Review Revenue 3 Employment 4 Research Design Methodology 5 Sampling and Data collection 5 Justification ...
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...2 La Stakeholder Theory…………………………………………………………………………...8 1.3 La relazione tra performance sociali e finanziarie………………………………………………11 1.4 I Benefici di fare RSI……………………………………………………………………………12 Capitolo 2 La Gestione Strategica della Responsabilità Sociale d’Impresa…………………………….….14 2.1 Processi e strumenti……………………………………………………………………………..15 2.2 La Balanced Scorecard………………………………………………………………………….15 Capitolo 3 Gli strumenti della Responsabilità Sociale d’Impresa…………………………………………..19 3.1 Il Codice Etico…………………………………………………………………………………..19 3.2 Particolari standard di comportamento……………………………………………………….....20 3.3 Il Bilancio sociale……………………………………………………………………………….23 3.3.1 GBS…………………………………………………………………………………….23 3.3.2 GRI……………………………………………………………………………………..24 3.3.3 AA1000………………………………………………………………………………...26 Capitolo 4 Il caso Hera S.p.a…………………………………………………………………………………..27 4.1 Il Gruppo Hera…………………………………………………………………………………..27 4.2 Bilancio sociale o bilancio di sostenibilità? ……………………………………………………27 4.3 La rilevanza del Bilancio di Sostenibilità per le multiutilities………………………………….28 4.4 La RSI in Hera…………………………………………………………………………………..29 4.5 La balanced scorecard di Hera …………………………………………………………………29 4.6 Il Bilancio di Sostenibilità di Hera……………………………………………………………...35 Conclusioni…………………………………………………………………………………………41 3 4 INTRODUZIONE Nello scenario odierno assume importanza la...
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...Punjab Oil Mills History Punjab Oil Mills Limited (POML) was founded in 1983 as a manufacturer of Banaspati and Cooking Oil. Production facilities were established in Islamabad and its production started in 1984. The increasing investment in technology and machinery for manufacturing new product oils has greatly provided product quality, reduced costs and expand our production capabilities. Apart from Banaspati and Cooking 0il products, they are producing specialty fats targeted to the baking and food processing industries. R&D process is striving to come up with new products, as part of their "Transfat Free Initiative", they already switched to a Transfat Free formula on for Banaspati targeted to household consumers, providing Transfat Free solutions to other customers as well. Introduction Punjab Oil Mills Limited is a manufacturer of oil and soaps, based in Islamabad Pakistan. The produce and market an extensive range of cooking and baking mediums and other specialty fats under the flagship brand names of Zaiqa and Canolive. “We are an ISO 9001 & FSSC 22000 certified company and take pride in making products that consistently exceed customer expectations”. According to Punjab Oil Mills, As a result the Zaiqa and Canolive brands enjoy a valuable brand franchise today and are synonymous with uncompromising quality and constant innovation. Edible items are not the only products being made by Punjab Oils, but they also deal in soap known by the name of “Raja”. All the products...
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...THE ACADEMY OF NORTHERN EXCELLENCE REDFINE YOUR SELF BY BECOMING YOUR POTENTIAL ASSIGNMENT II- FEASIBILITY STUDY FEBRUARY 29, 2016 Page |1 *** From here on out, The Academy of Northern Excellence will be abbreviated to “TANE” *** Table of Contents Page Number Executive Summary 2 Potential Market 3 Local Competitors 6 Product and/or Service Offering 9 Pricing strategy 10 Promotion Strategy and Budget 11 Distribution Plans 12 Cost/Profitability Analysis and Pro Forma Financial Statements 13 Future Plans 14 Appendix 15 Page |2 Executive summary My name is Jan Barbier, I have a degree in Kinesiology and certificate in personal training and I am currently a student in Respiratory Therapy and Exercise Physiology. TANE is a business concept that is targeted to both high-performance athletes and to those individuals that may suffer from more than one risk factor. My expected business outcome is to provide Yellowknife with my expertise in improving ones physical capabilities and to improve one’s quality of life by working to eliminating ones identified risk factor. I am hoping to open TANE in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories once I have graduated in this coming summer. I have been saving money for this very project, so I will not require any loans or financing from any third parties. I plan on working as a full-time respiratory therapist, while having TANE as an extra source of income. This...
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...adults to newborn children. According to the Children’s Defense Fund (n.d.), 7.2 million children under the age of 19 remained uninsured in 2012. That is 1 out of every 11 of our children. The pediatric population does not have the ability or choice to change the circumstances that their life has handed them. The Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) seeks to provide health insurance to uninsured children. Working cooperatively between the federal government and individual state governments, SCHIP provides an alternative to families whose wages are too high to qualify for Medicaid yet too low to make private coverage affordable. The Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) was created by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, enacted Title XXI of the Social Security Act. It has allocated about $20 billion over 10 years to assist states insure low-income children. Problem definition Research has found that people within the United States that are uninsured suffer significant health consequences. An American that does not covered by health insurance has been associated with poorer quality of health care, lower rates of preventive care, and greater probability of death. More than 25 percent of adults that are uninsured are more likely to die prematurely than adults that do carry health insurance. In the year 2000, the Institute...
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...New House Decision Your name Class Date Instructor New House Decision A significant amount of time for consideration and evaluations is a must when making a major purchase such as buying a new home. It is vital to properly review all economic and financial standings regardless of whether they are national or individual when thinking about purchasing a new home. The economy plays a major role in deciding whether or not to purchase a new home. A key role is played by the economy when it comes to purchasing a new home. The key principles of economics prove to be rather helpful to a new home buyer when acknowledging and comprehending the many aspects of the new purchase. Nicolas Gregory Mankiw, a Ukrainian-American macroeconomist who proved to be a rather influential source of American finances, originated the ten principles of economics. His principles are based on decision making as the essence of economy. By following the measure, these principles can increase the profitability while managing individual needs. When making a large financial decision, the basic principles of economics along with my relative needs must closely assess. Comparing marginal costs with marginal benefits while weighing out the disadvantages and advantages of the purchase is included in this process. While the search for a new home continues, a couple of key principles will be used by me when considering my purchase. "Tradeoffs" is the first principle; in economics, a tradeoff means the willingness...
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...Five Ideology's assignment Mohammad Kareem Conservatism: In Theory Communism would work and is the best way to form a government, but as this ideology was implemented in different countries and nations the reality has shown it might be very far from being perfect. This system of government as well as economy is also based on trying to create equality. Communism can be related to Socialism which creates equality by essentially sharing all profits and land with the community. Unlike socialism however,Communism believes that there is no need for a profit to be given to the worker or for land to be owned by any workers because it creates inequality and this must be done to ensure social order. A Lot of the communist ideology is totally opposite and against capitalist views. There is no competition in communism and wages and salaries are equal across all carers and work. In Communist theory, government leaders should only be temporary and used only to gear the population towards true order and then step down and let the work cycle continued. Many of the communist ideology is predominantly theory and is highly criticized by many nations. In today's day and age many countries have decided to opt out of the communist social structure because it is unpractical and does not provide true equality as theorized. Communism was a fairly modern ideology founded only about 120 years ago but has lingered throughout history. The majour man honoured with the creation of communism is Karl Marx...
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...Casey Kerstetter Education SOC101: Introduction to Sociology (ACK1219E) Instructor: Lynn Ma June 11, 2012 The sociology of education is the study of how public institutions and individual experiences affect education and its outcomes. It is most concerned with the public schooling systems of modern industrial societies, including the expansion of higher, further, adult, and continuing education.(Wikipedia) The sociology of education also provides all students with a rewarding educational experience; the focus should be on integration of the social, intellectual, and emotional components of learning by linking home and school experiences and incorporating a curriculum that addresses students' diversity and different learning styles. Functions of Education in Society include. Assimilation and transmission of culture/traditions: This needs to be done consciously and selectively because traditions need to be selected for transmission as well as omission depending on their value and desirability in today‘s democratic set-up. We need to teach children self-esteem and self-efficacy. The other Education Society include: The functionalist theory focuses on the ways that universal education serves the needs of society. Functionalists first see education in its manifest role: conveying basic knowledge and skills to the next generation. Durkheim the founder of functionalist theory identified the latent role of education as one of socializing people into society's mainstream. Functionalists...
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...CASE EXAMINATION EmRen Publishing Incorporated MAY 2013 © 2014 The Society of Management Accountants of Canada. All rights reserved. ®/™ Registered Trade-Marks/Trade-Marks are owned by The Society of Management Accountants of Canada. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the copyright holder. May 2013 Case Examination TABLE OF CONTENTS May 2013 Case Examination Page Case Question: Backgrounder ................................................................................... 1 Additional Information ..................................................................... 15 General Comments on Performance ....................................................... 30 Steps for Approaching Business and Corporate Strategy ........................ 41 Marker Assessment Guide ....................................................................... 48 Solution Notes for Markers....................................................................... 58 Sample Response – Successful Attempt #1 ............................................ 79 Sample Response – Successful Attempt #2 .......................................... 111 Sample Response – Unsuccessful Attempt ........................................... 152 May 2013 Case Examination May 2013 Case Examination Backgrounder The background information relating to the Case Examination (Backgrounder) is provided to candidates in advance of the examination date. The...
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...universal health care for an entire population through a single insurance pool. The government took over full funding of both physician and hospital services, setting minor physician fees and hospital budgets. Everyone is covered at all times. United States of America For the past 8 decades, the U.S. has run its country on a private health care system where the individual pays for their choice of health care. Depending on the coverage of the health care amounts to the cost. In the U.S, government funding for health care is limited to Medicare, Medicaid, Veterans Administration and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program, which covers senior citizens, the very poor, disabled people, veterans and their families and children. The United States is the only country in the developing world that does not have a fundamentally public tax-supported health care system. The National healthcare debate is one that has been a continuing arguing point for the last decade. The goal is to provide healthcare to all Americans, regardless of whether they are able to afford insurance or not. In 2009, the U.S. National Health Care Act failed to come to be debated in the house. This Act would have called for the creation of a universal single-payer health care system. Under the policies this Act would enact, all medically-necessary medical care decided between doctor and...
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