...140 Pigs in Jerseys? The two essays “The Roar of the Crowd” by David P. Barash and “Champion of the World” by Maya Angelou are vastly different in their opinion of the importance of sports, and the how that it effects the world around us. These essays depict the emotional power that sports have on people. While reading the essay “The Roar of the Crowd” you cannot help but picture an avid sports fan throwing down the essay with bitter disgust, because the arguments that it presents. Comparing sports fans that “root, root, root” for their favorite team to that of the activity of “pigs in the mud”. Even if you are an extreme sports lover and paint your face and pay top dollar just to be a few more inches closer from your favorite team of player, you cannot help but to read this article and understand where Barash is getting these opinions. Such as when Barash points out that we get a sense of identity when we throw on the home team’s jersey and join the sports frenzy. He also disuses the way that children are exceptionally prone to the delusion of latching on to idol like that of a star athlete and pouring there entire life into a person that can hit or throw a ball freakishly good rather than that of a brilliant mind like Einstein(Barash 363). Barash’s Main argument is that we have completely engulfed ourselves into these sports, played between a bunch of “spoiled millionaire players” (Barash 362). While forgetting things that are really important in life that we have replaced...
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...negative influences, both of which contribute to behavior and learning. Operant conditioning can be observed on a daily basis. It is a typical form of learning that some might take for granted. Operant conditioning can be used to influence certain behaviors as well as to decrease certain behaviors (Kirsch & Lynn, 2004). This is done when punishments or reinforcements are used to adapt or eliminate a specific behavior (including fear, anxiety and phobias). Reinforcements can be used strengthen or increase a behavior that accompanies the reinforcement (Barash, 2005). Positive reinforcers are events or outcomes that are presented after the behavior, thus allowing for better or continuous behavior. Children attaining good grades would receive a positive reinforcement that would allow them to continue to do well in school. Negative reinforcement is the removal of unfavorable events or outcomes after the behavior is displayed (Barash, 2005). This would strengthen the response by removing something that is considered to be unpleasant. Like an unruly animal that causes fear, taking the animal away creates a peaceful environment. When it comes to modifying behaviors some might consider punishment to adapt or modify specific behaviors. Punishment is the presentation of an adverse event or outcome that causes a decrease in the behavior it follows. There is positive and negative punishments; positive punishments (referred to as punishment by assignment), (Kirsch & Lynn, 2004) involves...
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... 2011). The term “altruism” was coined by Auguste Comte (1798-1857), a French philosopher and social reformer and the theory was espoused by Prince Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921), a Russian philosopher, as the 'law of mutual aid (Sociology Professor, 2011). The altruism theory was expanded upon by William Donald Hamilton with his genetical theory of social behavior, also known as the Theory of Kin Selection and Inclusive Fitness. Hamilton used the behavior of bees to explain altruism. Bees exist and operate in a stringent social hierarchy. The workers are sterile, serving only to protect and fulfill the needs of their queen, rather than reproduce themselves. This was the focus of Hamilton’s theories of kin selection and inclusive fitness (Barash, 1977). Through his theory, Hamilton argues that an individual can oversee progress of his genes in two ways: through reproducing and overseeing the upbringing of his own offspring or, the altruistic individual can forego reproduction, and participate in the rearing of a relative’s offspring. Hamilton poses that in this incidence, many of the genes lie in common with the altruistic individual, thus propagating his genotype indirectly (Crawford, 1987). Hamilton also presented a mathematical relationship to explain how bees operate. He argued that the degree to which an organism is related to another organism is in direct proportion to the altruism exhibited. Hamilton (1964) wrote: The social behavior of a species evolves in such a way that...
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...Genetic Engineering: Patent Request Analysis By Genetic Engineering: Patent Request Analysis The governmental patent office has requested a think tank team of criminologists to review the research documents of new technology computer-aided microscopic rare gene molecules. The team of criminologists will consider the legal or not legal aspects of the doctor’s request for a patent, along with the viability of current transplant procedures. The scenario states the doctor has invented a computer – aided organism as key to bridge the new cells to human organs in the host receiver. This is a new concept of using microscopic rare gene molecules to make any human organ viable for everyone without the side effects of rejection, or infections. This research document is the collective, innovative thoughts and opinions of four people team. Patent Requirements The filing of medical patent begins with two important points. The first point begins as the criminologists will determine the usability of the new technology. The computer – aided microscopic rare gene molecules are the key to bridge genetically designed new cells to the human organs within the host receiver. This concept would make the genetically engineered cells for the damaged organ acceptable to the host receiver. The viable idea is to inject the microscopic rare gene molecules straight into the damaged organ along with the anti-infection drugs. The second important point is the innovative studies to confirm the computer-...
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...The History of Nez Perce By: Haley Long, Taylor Enger, Cosette Barash, Ellyse Egan The Nez Perce were an indian tribe that lived spiritual and natural lives in Present day Washington, Oregon, and Colorado during the 1800’s. The tribe was led by Chief Joseph, a rightful and influential leader. Chief Joseph and his tribe had a spiritual religion, nomadic lifestyles, and a powerful history of war. In the early 19th century, many of the Nez Perce people were of the Christian religion. However, others rebelled against what they felt was the intrusion of white ways and embraced other religions. Their main religion is now the seven drums religion, or Washat (which translates to dance). The most important ceremony practiced by the Nez Perce was the...
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...Acer | Gender Violence | A case study on female infanticide and foeticide in Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India | | Peace and conflict studies | Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Theory 3 2.1 Galtung’s violence triangle and structural violence and cultural violence 3 2.2 Gender Theory 5 2.3 Human rights 7 2.4 Women’s rights 8 2.5 Consumerism 10 2.6 Conflict resolution conflict transformation 10 3.0 Female infanticide and foeticide—background and case study 11 4.0 Discussion 16 4.1 Galtung and the violence triangle 16 4.2 Cultural violence 17 4.3 Structural violence 17 4.3 Conflict resolution 20 4.4 Conflict transformation. 21 5.0 Conclusion 23 Bibliography 25 7.0 Appendix 28 1.0 Introduction In 1991, UNICF reported that, due to foeticide, as many as 40 or 50 million girls are missing from the Indian population – a number which constitutes about five percent of the total population. The 'missing girls' is a huge problem in India today – some villages does not even have women at all. (Subhra Singh, The Times of India feb. 8th 2011, from the cencus in 2001) Sex selection in India is at a growing rate, and according to the census held in 2001, the sex ratio (number of females per thousand males) shows that there are great varieties in the numbers – from the lowest, with 591 (Daman) to the highest, Pondicherry, which has 1,147 females per 1000 males. The average sex ratio for whole of India the same year was 927 to 1000...
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...The popularity of beauty pageants started to increase in America after the first contest was held in the early 1921’s but the ideas that used to run the competitions back in that time changed drastically when the contests started being televised in the mid 1950’s (Watson). With more than 100 000 pageants taking place every year, more people were watching and more women were being exposed to the idea of the ideal American woman that is depicted by the participants chosen to compete (Barash). Over the years, the objectivity of women has been shown in the most obvious ways during the certain contest rounds and disturbingly, pageants are still being socially accepted. Beauty pageants should not be allowed to continue because they do not portray women in the correct manner but instead allow the misconceptions of self-objectification and self-concepts to continue. When beauty pageants were first created, they were meant for young teenage girls usually between the ages of 16 to 25 (Smart). Unfortunately, child beauty pageants started to arise in the 1960’s. For over fifty years, children have been subjected to the world of beauty pageants where they have been forced to behave as young adults rather than the five year olds they actually are and being taught unrealistic ideas of what they should look like. "What they are learning basically is that they have one characteristic which is of total primary importance, and that is their body and their attractiveness," said Syd Brown, a child...
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...A recent interview has shown that “More than 80 percent of women advocate beneficial lying- - meaning that the lie is more important than the truth” (Barash 1). This statistic shows that women are more compassionate when faced with others’ feelings. Women feel the need to lie to avoid confrontation if they told the truth, when approached with a touchy subject. The same interview concludes that “More than 75 percent of women feel justified in their lie” (Barash 1). This means that, women lie to please others and to protect their reputation amongst others. Many people use a lie to spare someone’s feelings; however lying should be used as a form of deception. Women are more likely to lie to spare someone’s feelings, while other women and men use...
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...deep desire to be accepted as part of a culture resulting in the birth of subculture. The Want to be Different A person’s desire to express his or her individuality can be a driving force for many life choices. It can be as simple as a pair of shoes or as complex as spirituality. Many people have a basic want to express themselves, to show others who they are, what they believe in, and how they are different. This is what makes them special and unique. Even choosing not to make bold statements is a way of expressing someone’s personality. So what creates this inherent need to be different than everybody else? It could be environmental influences, past experiences, or even genetics that contribute to this need. According to David P. Barash in We need a general theory of individuality, “Generalizations about behavioral individuality are, at this stage in our knowledge, difficult to support.” (2010) The answer may be challenging because there is no control group from which to determine what is different and what is normal. Normal is subjective. Whatever it is, there is no denying that many people feel it necessary to express their individuality in one form or another. The Need for Acceptance According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, belonging to a group or culture is part of the social needs that motivates human behavior. Humans are social...
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...Where Is Utopia in the Brain? DanieL s. Levine Introduction The designer of utopian societies, whether fictional or real, often confronts the limits of what is possible for members of our species. But how severe or flexible are those limits? The explosive growth of behavioral neurobiology and experimental psychology in the last decade has produced many results on the biological bases of social interactions. This growth suggests that we can now look to science for some partial answers to the question of limits. Until recently, the social sciences and the biological sciences have mainly developed separate and disconnected accounts of human behavior. In the “nature/nurture controversy,” for example, anthropology has tended to emphasize cultural influences on human nature whereas behavioral biology has tended to emphasize genetic influences. The journalist Matthew Ridley (Nature via Nurture) provides an accessible account of the intellectual history and rhetoric of these two fields. Yet an increasing number of scholars in both areas are now realizing that behavioral biology and anthropology are studying the same human phenomena from different viewpoints. This overlap means there should be an underlying reality that is consistent across the different disciplines regardless of any disagreements in terminology. The behavioral biologist Edward O. Wilson calls this type of interdisciplinary commonality consilience, a term coined earlier by the nineteenth-century philosopher William Whewell...
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...Research Proposal Provisional title- Social media and the hidden spaces of online identity management Topic: Social Networking and Interaction This project is concerned with computer mediated communication (CMC) between individuals via the social networking platform, Facebook. Created by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004, Facebook is a social networking forum wherein individuals can share photographs, personal information, conversations and friends (Buckman, 2005). Although other online sites such as MySpace, Friendster and Bebo are also designed to carry out such functions, Facebook is generally considered to be the leading site of its kind, currently consisting of over a billion users worldwide (Facebook, 2013). Facebook has increasingly become deeply integrated into user’s daily routines (Debatin, 2009). Indeed, a recent study found that students spend an average of 38 minutes a day ‘Face-booking’ (Muise et al, 2009). This equates to almost 9 days every year being dedicated to communication activities via the medium. With the internet increasingly being accessed via mobile devices, anytime, anyplace, it is likely that this figure will increase over time. With these ideas in mind, it is interesting to consider sites such as Facebook as capable of revealing important information about how young adults interact with one another in the information age. Platform functions such as wall posts, comments, statuses, private messages and so on provide a vast space for a number...
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...Appellate Court of Illinois,Third District.EVEREN SECURITIES, INC., Plaintiff-Appellee,v.A.G. EDWARDS AND SONS, INC., Sidney V. Carlson and Loren D. Wright, Defendants-Appellants.No. 3-98-0874.Oct. 5, 1999. **314*270***453 Nicholas P. Iavarone [->0](argued), Marc S. Leventhal[->1], Bellows and Bellows, Chicago, for A.G. Edwards and Sons, Inc., Sidney V. Carlson, Loren D. Wright. *271 Christopher J. Barber[->2]; Nancy L. Hendrickson and Kenneth L. Schmetterer[->3] (argued), Chicago, for Everen Securities, Inc. Barry M. Barash[->4], Barash & Stoerzbach, Galesburg, for Appellee. Justice BRESLIN[->5] delivered the opinion of the court: Everen Securities, Inc., (Everen) filed suit against defendants A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc. (A.G.Edwards), Sidney Carlson and Loren Wright, alleging damages for breach of contract and misappropriation of trade secrets when Carlson and Wright resigned from Everen and began employment with A.G. Edwards. Everen's claims were subsequently arbitrated. The defendants appeal from the trial court's decision to confirm the arbitration award of $1,131,000 plus fees in favor of Everen. We hold that: (1) the arbitration panel did not exceed its authority in considering the issue of trade secret; (2) the evidence does not show that a member of the panel was prejudiced against A.G. Edwards; and (3) the panel did not commit gross errors of law or fact in awarding damages. Accordingly, we find no grounds for vacating the arbitrators' award. Carlson and Wright...
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...Lauren Barash Mrs. Dachille ELA: Hour 4 25 November 2014 John Proctor Tragic Hero A tragic hero is one who holds a high status in a community. The protagonist habitually faces a supernatural force of misfortune in which they conquer and gain admiration from the audience. In The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, John Proctor was not the ordinary resident living in the small town of Salem, Massachusetts. Salem during this time period embodies pure unintelligence. The community faced ruthless weather, deceased crops, and sickness. They didn’t know how these dreadful happenings arose. The only knowledge they had came from books, which did not contain the solutions for their troubles. The idea of witchcraft was proposed, and with this being the only possible...
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...Letting Go of a Friendship Learn the signs it may be time to end a long-time companionship How do you know when a friendship is on its last legs? If a pal has done something unforgivable or hurtful, or is simply a constant nuisance, the sanity-saving thing to do may be to cut her off, says Florence Isaacs, author of Toxic Friends, True Friends. That's what Kathryn Hoots, 42, did. She always thought her friends would be happy for her when she got married and started a family. But when one of them didn't seem to be, it threw Kathryn for a loop. "This one friend liked going out and having fun when we were both single, but as soon as I got married and had a child, she seemed to lose interest," says Kathryn, who has a 2-year-old and is currently expecting twins. During the course of their 13-year friendship, the woman always steered conversations to her own problems, never taking much interest in Kathryn's, especially after she became a mom. "She never wanted to meet my son and she even told me that I wasn't the maternal type," says Kathryn, who lives in New York City. That was the turning point. Kathryn had put up with her friend's self-absorbed behavior for years, but the comment made her wonder why. By the time the friend called to apologize for the offensive remark, Kathryn had already begun to reassess their relationship. "She just didn't seem able to be happy for me, and that's not a real friend," says Kathryn. "I couldn't put any more time or effort in after that." The two...
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...Redalyc Sistema de Información Científica Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Berkowitz, Ross;Goldstein, Donald EMBARAZO MOLAR Revista del Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sardá, Vol. 28, Núm. 3, 2009, pp. 129-134 Asociación de Profesionales del Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sardá Argentina Disponible en: http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/src/inicio/ArtPdfRed.jsp?iCve=91212200006 Revista del Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sardá ISSN (Versión impresa): 1514-9838 asociacionsarda@yahoo.com.ar Asociación de Profesionales del Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sardá Argentina ¿Cómo citar? Número completo Más información del artículo Página de la revista www.redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Actualización EMBARAZO MOLAR Ross Berkowitza y Donald Goldsteina Traducción: Dra. Carla C. Oterob Publicado en N Engl J Med 2009;360:1639-1645. El siguiente artículo comienza con un caso clínico. Se presenta la evidencia que sustenta el manejo y las estrategias, seguida de una revisión de las guías. Este artículo finaliza con recomendaciones clínicas de los autores. Caso clínico Embarazada de 37 años, cursando la 10 semana de gestación, que consulta por sangrado vaginal. El examen físico demuestra altura uterina correspondiente a la edad gestacional con niveles de sub-beta HCG de 22.000 mIU/ml. Por ecografía no se comprueban latidos fetales. Luego de recibir un...
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