...different types of criminal offenses. Crimes are sub-categorized into violent crimes and non-violent crimes. Crimes of violent nature may involve assault, battery, rape, homicide, and kidnapping, to name a few. These types crimes bring either physical or mental harm to a person. Non-violent crimes may involve crimes such as embezzlement, money laundering, forgery, and burglary. Such crimes are offenses against property. White-collar crime is a non-violent crime. According to Geis’ (Geis, 2002, p.8) the term “white-collar crime” was coined by Edwin Sutherland. He introduced the concept during the American Sociological Society Meeting in 1939. During the meeting, Sutherland raised a concern about high-status white-collar offenders receiving less attention for their crimes than the attention that traditional criminals of low-status are receiving. Later, in his book “White Collar Crime”, Sutherland defined white-collar crime as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.". Through his definition, Sutherland intended to point out that traditional crimes such as homicide, kidnapping, and the likes were more likely to be committed by lower class citizens. While he also tried to point out that white-collar crimes are mostly committed by persons of high stature in society, according to his research. His definition of white-collar crime was flawed. It predicted the crime based on the status of the offender rather than the characteristics...
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...Torts Outline- Brill Fall 2001 Overview: *What is a tort? A civil wrong other than a breach of contract for which the law provides a remedy. *Purposes of Tort law: Deter wrongful Encourage socially responsible behavior Restore injured parties to their original condition Peaceful means Intentional Torts I. Intent a. Definition—(1) voluntary acts for the purpose of causing [the essential element of the tort] OR (2) voluntary acts with knowledge to a substantial certainty that [the essential element of the tort] will result. i. For battery, the defendant must have acted with the intent to cause a harmful or offensive touching to plaintiff or some logical extension of plaintiff's person. ii. For assault, the defendant must have intended to cause the plaintiff a reasonable belief that plaintiff was about to immediately suffer a battery. iii. For false imprisonment, the defendant must have intended to confine the plaintiff within some boundaries, from which plaintiff could not reasonably escape. iv. For trespass, defendant intentionally crossed the boundaries of plaintiff's land. v. For trespass to chattels and conversion, the intent factor was identical; the two torts overlap. Thus, for both of these torts, the defendant had to intend to assert dominion or control over plaintiff's chattel. The completed tort would be trespass to chattels if the exercise of dominion or control resulted in harm to the chattel or if it caused the interference with plaintiff's...
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...J Indian Acad Forensic Med. April-June 2012, Vol. 34, No. 2 ISSN 0971-0973 Review Research Paper Euthanasia Revisited: The Aruna Shanbaug Verdict *Arsalaan. F. Rashid, **Balbir Kaur, ***O.P. Aggarwal Abstract Euthanasia and its procedure have long history of locking horns as a vexed issue with laws of countries across the world. Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his/her own body. It is unlawful to administer treatment to an adult who is conscious and of sound mind, without his consent. In patients with Permanently Vegetative State (PVS) and no hope of improvement, the distinction between refusing life saving medical treatment (passive euthanasia) and giving lethal medication is logical, rational, and well established. It is ultimately for the Court to decide, as parens patriae, as to what is in the best interest of the patient. An erroneous decision not to terminate results in maintenance of the status quo; the possibility of subsequent developments such as advancements in medical science, the discovery of new evidence regarding the patient’s intent, changes in the law, or simply the unexpected death of the patient despite the administration of lifesustaining treatment, at least create the potential that a wrong decision will eventually be corrected or its impact mitigated. Key Words: Consent, Permanent Vegetative State, Passive Euthanasia, Parens patriae Introduction: Euthanasia is the intentional premature...
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...Running Head: Effectiveness of Juvenile Correctional Facilities Effectiveness of Juvenile Correctional Facilities: Juvenile Crime Kalah Jiggetts Criminal Justice Abstract This paper uses data on juvenile offenders released from correctional facilities in Florida to explore the effects of facility management type (private for-profit, private nonprofit, public state-operated, and public county-operated) on recidivism outcomes and costs. The data provide detailed information on individual characteristics, criminal and correctional histories, judge-assigned restrictiveness levels, and home zip codes—allowing us to control for the non-random assignment of individuals to facilities far better than any previous study. Relative to all other management types, for-profit management leads to a statistically significant increase in recidivism, but, relative to nonprofit and state-operated facilities, for-profit facilities operate at a lower cost to the government per comparable individual released. Cost- benefit analysis implies that the short-run savings offered by for-profit over nonprofit management are negated in the long run due to increased recidivism rates, even if one measures the benefits of reducing criminal activity as only the avoided costs of additional confinement. Since its beginnings in the mid-1980s, prison privatization in the United States has provoked several rounds of congressional hearings and hundreds of articles...
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...... 2 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION.............................................................. 3 1.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................. 3 1.2 RESEARCH PLAN .................................................................. 3 1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT ..................... 4 Chapter 2: PREAMBLE ...................................................................... 5 1.1 WHAT IS FALSE IMPRISONMENT ..................................... 5 1.2 WHO IS LIABLE FOR FALSE IMPRISONMENT ............... 8 Chapter 2: FALSE IMPRISONMENT AS A TORT ........................... 9 Chapter 3: INGREDIENTS OF TORT OF FALSE IMPRISONMENT ............................................................................. 15 Chapter 4: REMEDIES ..................................................................... 17 Chapter 5: CONCLUSION ............................................................... 20 Chapter 6: BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................... 22 1 haripriya91@gmail.com HARI PRIYA NALSAR TABLE OF CASES: A. K. Gopalan v. State of Madras .................................................................... 10 Altken vs Badwell (1827) Mood & M 68 ........................................................... 8 Bheema vs Chapman (1848) 8 MHC 38............................................................. 8 Bhim Singh vs State of Jammu & Kashmir ...................................................... 13 Cobbet v. Gray (1852)...
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...of violence in schools coupled with a decline in academic achievement, many stakeholders have begun to condemn the state of public school education. The situation has prompted schools across the country to look for unorthodox approaches to improve schools and the performance of their students. The result has led to a spreading initiative that dictates what students can wear. More than just a dress code policy, school uniforms take into account colors and styles from head to toe. Even with the ongoing debate of being constitutional, the trend continues to be adopted throughout the United States. The argument of limiting self-expression is far outweighed by the benefits of increased academic performance and student safety. This paper will outline the ongoing results from adding uniform policies to schools and analyze the debate of the pros and cons of wearing school uniforms. The School Uniform Debate: Measuring Effectiveness The Initial Movement Traditionally imposed by private and parochial schools, uniform policies are being implemented by U.S. public schools in rising numbers. Proponents note that school uniforms make schools much safer for students, encourage children to focus on learning and most significantly – that it puts a halt to socioeconomic disparities. On the same issue, opponents consider the mandates as an infringement on student’s constitutional right to express themselves as individuals. Critics argue that forcing students to wear school uniforms...
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...PERCEIVED VALUES: FACE TO FACE VS. VIRTUAL TRAINING MSA 600 Foundations of Research Methods in Administration Central Michigan University Submitted by: Gregory X. Brown Project Instructor: Dr. Marty Meloche Submission Date: 10 August 2015 Table of Contents Page Number List of Tables ii List of Figures ii Chapter 1 Problem Definition 3 Chapter 2 Literature Review 10 Chapter 3 Research Methodology 21 Chapter 4 Data Analysis Future Chapter 5 Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations Future Definition of Terms Future References Pages 29 Appendix A Permission to Conduct Study Chapter 1: Problem Definition Background Over the last decade Soldiers in the Headquarters Company of the 710th Brigade Support Battalion, 10th Mountain Division (HHC, 710th BSB) have deployed several times throughout the Middle East in support of combat operations. The way that Soldiers have trained has changed over that time. Training has shifted from a hands-on platform to more virtual world. Since the mid-2000s, the Soldiers of HHC, 710th BSB, 3/10 MTN have been prepared to execute combat operations based on the training that has been spearheaded by the Non Commissioned Officers (NCOs). Army Directorate Publication 7-0 (ADP 7-0) is a manual that describes the appropriate way to conduct unit training. According to ADP 7-0 “unit training is the Army’s life- blood and the NCOs are the...
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...3 Учреждение образования «Брестский государственный университет имени А. С. Пушкина» Кафедра английского языка с методикой преподавания М. В. Гуль EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. COURTS AND TRIALS СИСТЕМЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ПРАВОСУДИЯ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ И США Практикум по английскому языку Для студентов 4-го курса гуманитарных и педагогических специальностей (специальность 1-21 06 01-01, современные иностранные языки специальность 1-02 03 06, иностранные языки (английский, немецкий)) БрГУ имени А. С. Пушкина Брест 2009 4 УДК 372.016 : 811.111(076) ББК 74.268.1(Англ)р Г94 Рецензенты: Кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков технических специальностей БГТУ Д. В. Новик Зав. кафедрой кафедрой иностранных языков второй специальности БрГУ имени А. С. Пушкина, доцент В. М. Иванова Практикум направлен на совершенствование навыков и развитие умений диалогической и монологической речи по темам: система образования, система правосудия Великобритании и США, а также на совершенствование письменной компетенции студентов. Каждый раздел содержит тематический словарь, ряд упражнений на закрепление лексики, достаточное количество текстов по теме, упражнения на повторение. Практикум предназначен для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов 4-го курса, изучающих английский язык как основную специальность. 5 Educational System (the USA and the UK) Topical Vocabulary Nursery school, kindergarten, elementary school, high school (junior, senior), secondary school...
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...Differences and Similarities in Generalized Characteristic Traits among Genders: The Sociopath and Psychopath by Evelyn J. Dotson MS, University of Phoenix, 2015 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Psychology University of Phoenix March, 2015 Abstract Psychopathic and sociopathic general characteristic traits are found in both genders in various populations. More research on the general characteristic traits of females is needed. Research for the female populations will give professionals information about the differences displayed between genders. Different applied sciences will also further their knowledge in treatment options for either tendency. The study used explored if any differences existed between genders with intensified levels of psychopathic traits in regard to psychopathy factor scores. The sample consisted of 2,500 people of both genders (52.6% women) (M=22.15; SD=1.38) from the generalized population, aged 20-24. Results displayed women with psychopathic personality traits had significantly higher levels of behavioral tendencies than men of the same. The genders did display a difference in aggressive behavior. The men showed a significant amount of aggressive behaviors compared to the women. The gender differences displayed in the seven psychopathic features show the variations needed for treatment options. Differences and Similarities in Generalized Characteristic Traits among...
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...Always discuss coincidence (Thabo Meli, Royall) and BRD (prosecution, differs for offence and defence) Chapter 5 – Homicide: Murder and Involuntary Manslaughter 5.1 Patterns of homicide 423 Study by A.Wallace. 1968-81 * -relationship of victim to offender. * -homicide is a crime that is socially, historically and culturally determined. * -homicide comprises a variety of offenders and victims in different social settings. * -Homicide in NSW is largely interpersonal in nature, rather than instrumental or ideological. * -Majority of interpersonal killings involved intimates. * -Homicide patterns reflect cultural norms. * -homicide is spontaneous rather than premeditated crime. * -Homicide offenders exhibit a wide range of moral culpability. 5.3 Murder S18 Crimes Act (1900) NSW S 18. (1) (a) Murder shall be taken to have been committed where the act of the accused, or thing by him omitted to be done, causing the death charged, was done or omitted with reckless indifference to human life, or with intent to kill or inflict grievous bodily harm upon some person, or done in an attempt to commit, or during or immediately after the commission, by the accused, or some accomplice with him, of a crime punishable by penal servitude for life or for 25 years. (b) Every other punishable homicide shall be taken to be manslaughter. S 18 (2)(a) No act or omission which was not malicious, or for which the accused had lawful cause or excuse, shall...
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...Fundamentals of Law for Health Informatics and Information Management Second Edition Check Your Understanding Chapter Answers CHAPTER 1 Check Your Understanding 1.1 1. A hybrid record is refers to record that is totally electronic. False 2. An electronic health record can be managed across more than one healthcare organization. True 3. Confidentiality refers to the right to be left alone. False 4. HITECH widens the scope of privacy and security protections under HIPAA. True 5. Privileged communication is a legal concept designed to protect the communication between two parties. True Check Your Understanding 1.2 1. Ownership of a health record generated by a doctor on a patient belongs to the patient. False 2. A custodian of records is responsible for certifying that a record is what it purports to be. True 3. When a patient refuses treatment he or she is exercising the ethical principle of beneficence. False 4. In a malpractice case, a professional code of ethics may be used as a benchmark for what should be acceptable practice by a healthcare professional. True 5. The ethical principle of nonmaleficence refers to making sure rules are fairly and consistently applied to all. False CHAPTER 2 Check Your Understanding 2.1 1. Private law defines rights and duties between individuals and the government. False 2. Statutes are enacted by legislative bodies. True 3. Administrative law is created by court...
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...responsibilities Commanders and supervisors will— a. Ensure that assigned personnel (to include RC personnel under their jurisdiction) are familiar with the Army policy on sexual harassment. b. Publish and post written command policy statements for the prevention of sexual harassment. All statements will be consistent with Army policy. They will include the local command’s commitment to the Army’s policy against sexual harassment and will reaffirm that sexual harassment will not be tolerated. The statement will explain how and where to file complaints and will state that all complainants will be protected from acts or threats of reprisal. Each ACOM/ASCC/DRU, installation, separate unit, agency, and activity down to company, troop or battery level will publish a sexual harassment command policy statement. Units should coordinate these policy statements with the servicing staff judge advocate or legal advisor before publishing them. c. Continually assess and be aware of the climate of command regarding sexual harassment. Identify problems or potential problems. Take prompt, decisive action to investigate all complaints of sexual harassment. Either resolve the problem at the lowest possible level or, if necessary, take fo rmal disciplinary or administrative action. Do not allow Soldiers to be retaliated against for filing complaints. Continually monitor the unit and assess sexual harassment prevention policies and programs at all levels within area of responsibility. Ensure...
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...Command Policy Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 6 November 2014 UNCLASSIFIED SUMMARY of CHANGE AR 600–20 Army Command Policy This administrative revision, dated 6 November 2014-o Updates Equal Opportunity Policy (paras 6-2c(8)(c) and 6-2c(8)(f)). This administrative revision, dated 30 October 2014o Updates summary of change bullet (para 2-8b). o Makes administrative changes (throughout). This rapid action revision, dated 22 October 2014-o Updates purpose (para 1-1). o Updates responsibilities for the ready and resilient campaign (paras 1-4a-d). o Directs readers to the Army Publishing Directorate’s “notes” page on AR 60020 for additional guidance on the Army Sexual Harassment/Assault Response and Prevention Program (para 1-4e(6)). o Clarifies the groups of personnel who must be informed of the Army’s accommodation of religious practices policies (para 1-4f). o Adds the categories “senior field grade officers,” “senior field grade warrant officers,” ”field grade warrant officers,” “company grade warrant officers,” “enlisted noncommissioned officers,” and “junior enlisted Soldiers” (table 1-1). o Adds policy that the senior commander is normally, but not always, the senior general officer at an installation (para 2-5b(4)(a)). o Adds policy for command responsibility for the Total Army Sponsorship Program (paras 2-5b(4)(a)16 and 2-5b(4)(c)8). o Clarifies policy on how Army command, Army service...
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...file:///F|/Business/Marketing/22 Immutable Laws Of Marketing.html The 22 Immutable Laws of Marketing Al Ries and Jack Trout The 22 Immutable Laws of Marketing Violate Them at Your Own Risk Al Ries and Jack Trout Dedicated to the elimination of myths and misconceptions from the marketing process A DF Books NERDs Release THE 22 IMMUTABLE LAWS OF MARKETING. Copyright © 1993 by Al Ries and Jack Trout. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission Contents Introduction 1. The Law of Leadership 2. The Law of the Category 3. The Law of the Mind 4. The Law of Perception 5. The Law of Focus 6. The Law of Exclusivity 7. The Law of the Ladder 8. The Law of Duality 9. The Law of the Opposite 10. The Law of Division 11. The Law of Perspective 12. The Law of Line Extension 13. The Law of Sacrifice 14. The Law of Attributes file:///F|/Business/Marketing/22 Immutable Laws Of Marketing.html 15. The Law of Candor 16. The Law of Singularity 17. The Law of Unpredictability 18. The...
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...EVIDENCE OUTLINE Prof. Mark Bonner Fall 2012 |1 • INTRODUCTION | I. Trial Context A. types of evidence at trial 1. witnesses 2. real evidence – something tangible related to the case 3. demonstrative evidence – not part of the story, but lawyer wishes to show the jury something to demonstrate something about the case (e.g., experiment; picture of intersection) B. competing stories at trial – two ways stories can compete 1. factual differences 2. differences in inferences drawn from the same facts II. Policy Overview [values that the evidence rules protect] A. accuracy 1. rationality – does evidence have a rational relationship to the case? 2. reliability – is the evidence credible? B. efficiency – see FRE 403 C. fairness – rules should be party-neutral 1. but note: some rules exclude evidence to one party’s advantage (e.g., evidence that Δ fixed the steps after the accident excluded, b/c we want to encourage Δs to make steps safer) (e.g., Confrontation Clause, guarantees rt of accused in a criminal trial to confront witnesses brought against him) D. danger of misuse of information 1. one solution: limiting instructions 2. but sometimes we’re so skeptical of jury’s willingness/ability...
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