...This paper presents a life cycle assessment of beeswax candles in the effort to confirm that beeswax candles are more sustainable and environmentally friendly than other comparable variations. Various types of candles are burned every year by millions of consumers; the United States Environmental Protection Agency reports that candle and incense sales exceeded a million dollars in 1999 (Knight, Levin, & Mendenhall, 2001). Beeswax candles, however, are one of the few sustainable and environmentally friendly types of candles available to consumers. Through the exploration of how the collection beeswax affects bees, the energy used and pollution created through candle production and transportation, and the effects burning candles and their disposal have on the environment, a thorough life cycle assessment will support the claim that beeswax candles are the most sustainable and environmentally friendly candle available on the market. To support the aforementioned claims, the environmental effects of other types of candles will be compared to those of beeswax candles. The collection of beeswax can be traced back millions of years and these traditional ways of beekeeping are still used today (Bradbear, 2009, p.1). Breadbear describes that beekeepers have found that the end of a flowering season is the best time of the year to harvest the honey (2009, p. 42). She explains more thoroughly, The honeycomb can be simply cut into pieces and sold as fresh, cut comb honey. Alternatively...
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...Don't discard banana peels; they are valuable as plant fertilizer. Bananas are packed with nutrients, and that includes their peels. Though you won't want to eat them yourself, your plants benefit from the nutrients as the peels decay. Plants need nutrients need to thrive. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are required in the highest amounts, and nutrients such as calcium, manganese, sodium and sulfur are necessary in lower amounts. While various levels of these nutrients occur naturally, some soils can use a boost. Adding banana peels around prized plants is a widespread gardening practice that can improve your soil. Sponsored Link Expat Health Insurance Free Quotes Instantly Online Save Now on Best Cover for Expats www.nowcompare.com/Expats ------------------------------------------------- Potassium Dried banana peels are 42 percent potassium, more than most other organic substances, such as manure at 0.5 percent, wood ash at 10 percent and cantaloupe rinds at 12 percent. Potassium promotes the movement of water and nutrients between cells. It also strengthens stems and protects plants from disease. Because the plant is healthier, it might flower more. After the plant blooms, potassium can improve the quality and size of any fruit or nuts. ------------------------------------------------- Phosphorus Banana peels are 3.25 percent phosphorus, one of the other major nutrients that plants need to grow. Phosphorus helps rooting, improves winter hardiness and speeds...
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...Chapter I Homemade Candle Cereus I. Introduction As early as the biblical times, the presence of candles is already mentioned. The first candles were made of flax thread coated with wax and pitch. Palm oil, bees wax, coconut oil, and olive oil are also used to produce these candles during the olden times. But as time passes by, there were changes that took place in candles. Not only on its appearance, but also in the materials being used to produce one. Up to the present, candles are still being used by every household and can be considered as a necessity. Knowing that a candle is a necessity for every household, researchers looked for ways to produce a candle which is cheap and at the same time environment friendly. The researchers aim to produce a product which has same quality and efficiency as commercially produced candles. Not only will it save the environment, but also the people who will be able to save money. A. Background of the Study 1. Why was the study conducted? The researchers conducted the study in order to assess the possibility of using paraffin wax versus that of commercially produced candles. Furthermore, the study aims to develop a better product than that of commercial ones. The researchers wanted to develop a cheaper and recycled candle that can be easily made at home with materials that are eco-friendly. By doing this, we can save money and mother earth. B. Statement of the Problem 1. What topic/problem was studied? The topic/problem...
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...This front sheet must be completed by the learner where appropriate and included with the work submitted for assessment. Unit: 1 Fundamentals of Science Course: Extended Diploma in Applied Science (Forensic and Medical Science) (15VF0270) |Learner Name (Please enter your name): | | |Assessor Name: Claire Watkins |Issue Date: |End Date: | | | | | | |Group 1: 5.10.15 |Group 1:19.10.15 | | |Group 2: 6.10.15 |Group 2: 20.10.15 | |Assignment Title: Scientific Reports and Communication |Assignment Ref (if used): 1.3 | |Assessment Criteria |Achieved |Evidence Location |Comments/feedback from assessor | |P7 – Carry out a practical investigation into the |Yes/No |Scientific Report | ...
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...USED COOKING OIL AND BANANA PEEL EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE SHOE POLISHER Researcher: Chelsea T. Sandoval Chapter I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Nowadays, Shoe polish is widely used by people especially by students, office workers, etc. on their leather shoes. But the commercial shoe polishers were made of chemicals which can harm human’s health if used recklessly. Shoe polish is full of chemicals that smells bad and can be dangerous, especially if you have small children or pets in your house. Many people are interested in using a safer alternative for polishing their leather shoes but few people didn’t realize that they have everything they need in their homes already. Various substances have been used as shoe polish for hundreds of years, starting with natural substances such as wax and tallow. Modern polish was introduced early in the 20th century and some products from that era are still in use today. The purpose of this study is make an alternative shoe polisher and to conduct an investigation/experimentation on how to use used cooking oil and banana peels in a very convenient, practical and useful way. This study is used to lessen the chemical use in the society and to maintain a greener environment. B. Statement of the Problem General problem: This study seeks the feasibility of used cooking oil and banana peels extract as an effective shoe polisher. Sub-problems: 1.) How to make the solution. 2.) Does the...
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...|CASA DI FRANCESCA | |CASA DI FRANCESCA | |CASA DI FRANCESCA | | | | | | | |NEVER LEAVE A CANDLE BURNING UNATTENDED | |NEVER LEAVE A CANDLE BURNING UNATTENDED | |NEVER LEAVE A CANDLE BURNING UNATTENDED | | | | | | | |PLEASE KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN AND PETS. ALWAYS| |PLEASE KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN AND PETS. ALWAYS| |PLEASE KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN AND PETS. ALWAYS| |PLACE ON HEAT RESISTANT SURFACE AWAY FROM FLAMMABLE | |PLACE ON HEAT RESISTANT SURFACE AWAY FROM FLAMMABLE | |PLACE ON HEAT RESISTANT SURFACE AWAY FROM FLAMMABLE | |MATERIAL. HANDLE WITH CARE. GLASS MAY BECOME VERY | |MATERIAL. HANDLE WITH CARE. GLASS MAY BECOME VERY | |MATERIAL. HANDLE WITH CARE. GLASS MAY BECOME VERY | |HOT. ALWAYS TRIM WICK ¼ INCH AND REMOVE WICK DEBRIS. | |HOT. ALWAYS TRIM WICK ¼ INCH AND REMOVE WICK DEBRIS. | |HOT. ALWAYS TRIM WICK ¼ INCH AND REMOVE WICK DEBRIS. | |FOR BEST RESULTS DO NOT BURN CANDLE FOR MORE THAN 2 | |FOR BEST RESULTS DO NOT BURN CANDLE FOR MORE...
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...Dried Papaya Leaves as Organic Mulch for Tomato Plants | AbstractMulching in agricultural provides a safe yet equally profitable method of enriching and fertilizing the soil planted with crops. Most often-used mulches are of organic composition, such as dry leaves and barks. Unlike synthetic fertilizers and herbicides, these organic mulches pose no or little damage to the soil and crops.In this study, the effectiveness of dried papaya leaves as organic mulch for tomato was tested. Papaya mulches in different thickness were applied on plots planted with tomato in three replications. After the determined period of mulch application, the researchers application, the researchers measured the height increases of tomato plants ands the weed density in the plots. It was concluded that papaya mulch significantly promoted height increase of tomato plants and inhibited the growth of weeds. The best mulch was 3 inches in thickness.IntroductionUsually defined as the use of organic and biodegradable materials to give plants the nutrients they need, organic farming proved to be the safest and most effective method of increasing and sustaining yield. Various methods fall under organic farming, such as composting, green manuring, legume inoculating, and utilizing animal manure as fertilizers.Mulching is a simple process that increases soil fertility and regulating several factors affecting overall plant growth. In this method, a layer of material-the mulch-is placed on soil surface around the...
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...CANDLE MAKING LEAFLET NO. A531 Candle Making Margaret Bass Introduction In the past, candles were made from beeswax obtained from the honeycombs of bees or tallow produced from the suet of beef, pork, lamb etc. Nowadays candlemakers generally use candlewax blends based on paraffin wax and stearin to make candles. Beeswax is sometimes used today, but it is scarce and expensive. This booklet will explain the basic principles of candlemaking. Once mastered, the creative possibilities are limitless, and you will be able to make your own unique candles. Materials required for Candle Making Good quality paraffin wax. Wicking. Moulds. Stearin. (This is sold in the form of powdery white crystals. It is added to melted paraffin wax to make the candle more opaque. It makes white candles white, and improves the brightness of coloured candles. It also raises the melting point of wax so that the candles do not bend or sag, and it improves the burning quality of the candle). Mould sealer. Dyes. Perfume. (Not essential). Fig. 1 Page 2 Equipment required for Candle Making • • • • • Two pans, one larger than the other. Thermometer, reading to at least 100°C. Bucket or plastic bowl. (Not essential). Hammer. Newspapers, knives, scissors, spoons, old jug, saucepans. Heat source. Although domestic heating rings can be used, electric pots with thermostatic control are available, either of the 'water-jacket' or water-less type. Care and Safety The same care MUST be taken...
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...“Feasibility of melted wax crayon (Heavy hydrocarbon) to create candle.” Researchers: Ivan Tabaquero Jeilyka Briones Kamille Dioso Adviser: Caroline Bulatao A candle is a solid block or cylinder of wax with an embedded wick, which is lit to provide light, and sometimes heat. Today, most candles are made from paraffin. Candles can also be made from beeswax, soy, other plant waxes, and tallow (a by-product of beef-fat rendering). Gel candles are made from a mixture of paraffin and plastic. Before the invention of electric lighting candles and oil lamps were commonly used for illumination. In areas without electricity, they are still used routinely Abstract Table of Contents Chapter One………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 5 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 a. Background of the study …………………………….………………………………………………………………………... 7 b. Statement of the Problem …………………………………….………………………………………………………………. 7 c. Hypothesis …………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………… 8 d. Objectives …………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………. 8 e. Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………………………………….…………………….. 9 f. Scope and Limitation ………………………………………………………………………………….……………………… 10 g. Definition of Terms …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11 Chapter 2: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Review of Related Literature ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13 Chapter 3:...
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...Along with the above brochure, the internet is an inexpensive mode and invaluable tool to market our business and reach potential customers. The first step would be to develop a website in which customers learn about the unique business approach of United Candle in offering beeswax and soy; from here they can order products, ask questions and get more information about the products and services we have to offer. Here customers will learn about United Candle’s commitment to being socially responsible and the many health benefits of choosing our candles over our competitors. The internet and our social media accounts will also give us the opportunity to reach customers who would not otherwise know about our new start-up company. Customers...
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...ingredients and some of them can be carcinogens, affect female reproductive system because of disruption in the endocrine system (ewg.org). Almost all cosmetic products have chemicals in them and those chemicals can be very harmful for the human body. Today, we are going to focus on one of the cosmetic product Mascara; we are going to be looking at the harmful chemicals mascara contains and their short-term and long term effects on the human body. In the ancients day’s men and women used paint to bring out their eyes. The eye paint primarily contained copper-based green ore called malachite that was mined from nearby quarries (Castro, 2006). But now a days people use Mascara which contains iron oxides, carbon black, ultramarine blue, pigments, beeswax, carnauba wax and paraffin wax, water, color additive, thickening polymers like ceresin, gum tragacanth, methyl cellulose, linseed oil, castor oil, eucalyptus oil, lanolin oil, sesame oil, turpentine oil (Anne, 2015). If we compare the products from the old times to now we can see there many modifications new chemicals are added and even the application of the makeup is far more advanced. None the less it is a lot more harmful from what they used in the past. Some of the most dangerous ingredients are...
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...Used Cooking Oil as an Additive Component of Candle | AbstractThe study aims to produce a low-priced, high-quality candle by using used cooking oil as a major component. The following candle compositions were used: 100 percent paraffin wax; 90 percent paraffin and 10 percent oil; 80 percent paraffin and 20 percent oil; 70 percent paraffin and 30 percent oil; 60 percent paraffin and 40 percent oil; 50 percent paraffin and 50 percent oil. The firmness, texture, and light intensity of the candles were tested and compared.Results of the tests showed that the candle made from 100 percent paraffin wax had the lowest melting rate, lowest amount of melted candle, and a light intensity of 100 candelas (cd). The 90:10 preparation had the next lowest melting rate and amount of melted candle. The other preparations ranked according to the proportion of used cooking oil in the candle, with the 50:50 preparation performing least comparably with the 100 percent paraffin wax candle.IntroductionToday, candles are made not only for lighting purposes but for many other uses such as home décor, novelty collections, as fixtures for big occasions (weddings, baptismals, etc.), and as scented varieties for aromatherapy. Candles are made from different types of waxes and oils.Cooking oil is a major kitchen item in Filipino households. It is also used substantially in fast-food outlets, where it is used in different stages of food preparations. Ordinarily, used cooking oil is discarded. This waste...
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...the eyes of the people around you. Going back to history, in societal belief, the person with a high-profiled has an identity of having polished-leathered shoes in his/her feet. At this modern era, everyone has its decision whether to use shoe polisher or not, something that diminished the gap between the so-called high people and lower ones. Shoe polish used to polish, shine, and waterproof leather shoes or boots to extend the footwear's life, and restore, maintain and improve their appearance (thefreedictionary). Shoe polish had been widely used even before the twentieth century, during the medieval times, dubbin- a waxy product, was used to soften and waterproof leather but did not made the leather shine until they tried to mixed the beeswax and lanolin as bases that until now major company of boot polish is using. Another historical file, the popularity of shoe polish paralleled a general rise in leather and synthetic shoe production, beginning in the 19th century and continuing into the 20th. The World Wars saw a surge in demand for the product, in order to polish army boots and contributed to its fame all over the globe. Focusing to our study, we will use the banana peel extract and coconut husk ashes in making true our research. Coconut is the fruit of the most economically important member of the great palm family, Palmae. The genus cocos is Southeast Asian and contains only one species, C. nucifera .Cultivated in tropical lowlands, almost always near the sea. For centuries...
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...I. Introduction | A. Attention Material: What comes to mind when you see candles? We associate candles with celebrations (like Christmas or birthdays) or special occasions. Candles date back to the Ancient Egyptians who are credited with making the first candles. They used torches made by soaking the spongy core of reeds in melted tallow (National Candle Association: History of Candlemaking, p. 1). | B. Tie to the audience: I’m sure that all of us at some point have used candles for celebrations, romantic experiences, or for just plain decoration. The great part about making your own candles is that they are inexpensive to make and you shape the wax into something special. What could be more special than to make someone you love a homemade gift? | C. Credibility material: Two years ago, I made candles for decoration and also for people to purchase during a medieval Madrigal dinner production that our A Cappella choir put on. I have also made candles since then as a part of my church youth group around the Christmas season. | D. Preview: I will explain three basic things which include how to go about finding the right materials, how to melt the wax, and how to make a molded ice-cube candle. | [Transition: Let’s start by doing the most important thing, which is to find all of the materials, and tools needed to make candles.] | II. Body | A. The first step is to gather the equipment you will need (The Basics and Cool Candlemaking Ideas, p. 1). | 1. You will need...
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...What are the issues staring at Joseph Ziggundu? What should he do? How should he go about doing them? General issues: * He is a management trainee and this is his first operating assignment. * There is a lack of information of UCC’s previous production or sales volumes, profitability, raw material needs, sales outlets etc. * KIDB did not specify an operating budget as it was recently saddled with extra businesses like UCC. * He is not aware of the processes followed in manufacturing the candles. * The quality of the candles depended on the precision of the manufacturing process. A small error in measurement would damage the candles. Hence care had to be taken during the manufacturing process. Finance issues: * The daily operating costs were not known. * Uncertainty about the value of the assets such as the mould frames, property etc. * The candles were under-priced compared to the surrounding areas as the Government had fixed the sales price of the candles. * Ascertaining the profitability of the company(and hence if the business is sustainable). * Determining the requirement of capital investment in the business. HR issues: * Details of the workforce like number and their skill level etc. * Relegation of roles and responsibilities. * Fixing daily working hours and the rigor of labor expected from the employees. * Fixing the daily wages of the workers. Marketing and distribution issues: * Meeting the high demand...
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