...Introduction to professional practice Historical Paper Adam Monge October 15, 2013 Alliant International University Introduction Skinner is one of the most important historians to psychology, his work led to the development of behavior modification and behavior therapy which is a model that psychologist continue to apply and modify today. In the beginning with the social need for efficient psychotherapy soon developed a solid theoretical body of behavioral laws, Skinner indicated that in order to develop the appropriate path towards efficient intervention for unadaptive behavior new theories regarding about abnormal behavior and as well as procedural model for evaluations (Labrador, F. (2004). Behavior therapy continued to nourished by developments through experimental psychology, Skinner’s treatments offered many opportunities not just clients but as well researchers/psychologist to explore the newly lens developed. However, behavior modification and therapy had its limitation yet today it continues to have some modification still needed to be implement, it said that in order to acknowledge and pay a tribute to Skinner’s work is to overcome these limitation and further develop behavior therapy into an effective model (Wilson, G., & Agras, W. (1992). Rise of behavior modification & therapy The development of behavior modification and therapy was backed up by the work of Skinner, his techniques and experiments were based in operant conditioning...
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...science that aims to systematically apply intervention processes using the behavior learning theory in order to remove or change undesirable socially significant behaviors (Cooper, Heron, Heward, 2007). Applied behavioral analysis can be applied in many setting and situations and the intervention process and techniques depend on those settings and individual situations. Applied behavioral analysis is used to modify target behaviors that can occur in the home, in the community, in an educational setting, and is even used to aid in treatment for rehabilitation programs. Through the use of different components of ABA such as operant conditioning, reinforcement, modification programs, and extinction to name a few, one will develop a behavioral modification plan to best suit each client’s specific needs. In the first case, Bobby is an 8-year-old boy who cannot keep his room cleaned or organized despite the fact that he is constantly reminded by his father to do so. Mr. Kelley would like to establish a modification process for Bobby to encourage him to keep his bedroom clean on a regular basis. First the target behavior and modification process must be identified in order to determine the appropriate reinforcement technique to achieve the desired goal. A target behavior is an accurate and concise description of the identified behavior that needs to be modified so in this case the target behavior is the behavior that is causing Mr. Kelly emotional stress which is Bobby not cleaning his...
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...Classroom and Behavior Management Plan Dr. Renee Murley Learning in the Urban Environment ICL 7709 July 31, 2009 Rules and Procedures On the first day of class, the students and I will have a conversation about my expectations and the students’ expectations for the classroom. From these expectations, together, we will create a set of guidelines for conduct in the classroom. We will also discuss common occurrences in the classroom such as late arrival, preparation for class, etc., and how they should be handled. From this class forum, we will derive the rules and procedures that will govern our classroom. Whereas, not all rules and procedures will be negotiable, we will discuss the meaning, rationality, and fairness of each rule, and also how these rules fit into the framework of the school’s guidelines. This is done with the idea in mind that if students have a part in creating the classroom rules and procedures that they will be more apt to follow them. These rules will be posted permanently in the classroom, on the teacher’s website, and also printed in written form so that the information may be given to the students, parents, and administrators. General guidelines for behaviors will be as follows: 1) Be respectful of the thoughts, feelings, personal space, and property of others and self. 2) Be on time and prepared for class. 3) Be in your desk and prepared to work when the bell rings. 4) Do ask permission before speaking or getting out of your...
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...The purpose of this paper is to provide information for practitioners using observation for special education evaluations, including initial and re-evaluations, functional behavioral assessments (FBA), and monitoring IEP (Individualized Education Program) and BIP (Behavior Intervention Plan) progress. Observational procedures for research purposes are often more demanding and these suggestions are for practitioners and not meant to meet a research standard. Collecting data involves a variety of techniques, including both direct and indirect methods. Examples of indirect data collection include interviews, record review, and examination of permanent work products. This booklet focuses on observational data, which is a direct method of data collection. When collecting information, it is important to use multiple sources and methods, and to triangulate the data collected. No one method stands alone. Behavior always occurs in a context, and observing in that context is critical for defining and understanding the behavior. Observations may also help to identify the antecedents (what happens before the target behavior) and consequences (what happens after the target behavior) so that meaningful behavioral interventions can be developed. The data we collect during systematic classroom observations is used as a baseline, and/or present level of performance for an IEP. We might also use the data to evaluate whether or not an intervention is working. Observation is one...
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...Changing Behavior: Insights and Applications Annette Frahm, project manager Dave Galvin Gail Gensler Gail Savina Anne Moser December 1995 Revised June 2001 Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County King County Water Pollution Control Division 130 Nickerson St., Suite 100 Seattle, Washington 98109 (206) 263-3050; haz.waste@metrokc.gov Prog-3(12/95)rev.6/01 Introduction Have you ever tried to get a smoker to stop? A kid to start wearing a bike helmet? An aerosol user to switch? Changing behavior is both art and science, and much can be learned from others’ attempts to change behavior that can make our work more effective. A project team at the Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County, Washington, spent several months in 1995 reading behavior change literature from energy conservation, recycling, health education and other fields, looking for insights. We distilled many of the principles found in the literature into workshops for staff, hoping to make their efforts to change business’ and the public’s hazardous waste behavior more effective. At the workshops, we presented some key behavior change principles, a panel shared their insights, and staff worked through an exercise to learn how to apply the principles to their work. This report summarizes our findings and includes examples from field experience. A key insight from the project is that information alone is not enough to change behavior. As government workers, we often try to...
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...Inadvertently Encourage Deviant Behaviors by Barrie E. Litzky, Kimberly A. Eddleston, and Deborah L. Kidder* Executive Overview Recent estimates of the costs associated with deviant behavior in the workplace are staggering. While part of the managerial function requires the establishment of rules and policies that promote good customer service and product consistency, managers who lead with a firm hand or place too much pressure on sales quotas, may be unknowingly contributing to their employees’ deviant behaviors. Managers must learn to identify the role that they play in triggering employee deviance. Once recognized, there is much that managers can do to ameliorate the triggers that encourage otherwise honest employees to engage in deviant behavior. M “I wouldn’t say what I did was unethical. Rather, it was more, say, questionable. But hey, my manager says, ‘The customer is always right.’ So basically, I was following her orders.” “Come on – everybody does it. It’s almost expected. I bet even my manager did it when he had my job.” “Considering how much money I bring into this place, I deserve it. They should be paying me more anyway.” anagers often face employees like these who try to justify their actions after being caught behaving inappropriately. Some managers may terminate these employees in an attempt to rid the organization of such unscrupulous individuals. But personality alone is a rather poor predictor of deviant behavior.1 In fact, 60 percent of all employees...
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...Mawhinney@udmercy.edu College of Business Information : Emergency Phone: 313 993-1200 Ask for Wendy FAX (U of D, running most of the time): 313 993-1673 UD Mercy Bookstore Textbook Information & Online Purchase Options Follow either link below, first is bookstore “in general” second is for our specific text book: CAUTION and ADVICE : DO NOT use an “international edition” of this text book or any other edition unless it is THIS text in paperback or electronic format. The campus bookstore will have the exact text we will use in class. There is a good chance that if you use a different edition, e.g., international edition, it will differ in some important ways from the text described above. Please use the following: Title: Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes Fourteenth Edition Authors: James L. Gibson, John M. Ivancevich, James H. Donnelly, Jr., Robert Konopaske Publisher: Published by McGraw - Hill, Copyright © 2012 ISBN 978-0-07- 811266 -9 ( soft cover : alk. or hard cover, whichever you like if available) REVISED July 26, 2013 Disability Support Services and Accommodations Information Disability Support Services and Accommodations: It is very important for students to be proactive with regard to requesting disability accommodations. While it is never required that you disclose your disability to your professors, all students at...
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...Behavior Intervention Plan Target Behavior and Client Background Part 1 CLIENT: Sara F. DOB: 05/17/2006 1. Client Background Sara is a five year old female with no major medical problems. She lives at home with her mother, father, and two sisters. Sara attends a school for children with developmental disabilities. Sara attends school five days per week from 830 to 230. Her class is made up of 6 other students, one special education teacher and 2 to 3 aides. Sara has trouble with transitions both at school and in her home. Sara loves to go to school, but has trouble with the transitions throughout her day. Her parents have seen this in the home as well. Sara’s parents report that she will throw scream, cry, bite, kick climb on furniture and swipe items onto the floor Sara also will throw self onto the floor. This behavior occurs daily. It has also been witnessed by the parents the Sara become angry when she is asked to move to the next activity or tasks. The episodes will last from anywhere from 2 minute up to one hour. The staff at school did a recording of the episodes. The durations of the behavior and what prompted this behavior to happen. Sara parents want this behavior to stop, so they will start a plan at home...
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...Title To investigate and reflect on the use of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) with students who have Autism. Aims The aim of my project was to gain knowledge of Applied Behaviour Analysis and its effectiveness in working with children with Autism. My focus questions ask • What are the key principles underlying Applied Behaviour Analysis and how and why it benefits children who are autistic? • What is involved in setting up an Applied Behaviour Analysis program in the classroom environment? Both focus questions have helped me to investigate ABA, implement strategies that ABA employ and reflect on the program as a whole. I became part of a withdrawal program established for the purpose of intensive early intervention based on the principles of ABA. Harris, (2002 p19) explains “Applied Behavior Analysis takes basic principles in behaviour science and emphasizes the intensity that is needed for particular children”. As I progressed through my journey I discovered that ABA was indeed an extremely effective intervention program for autistic children. I felt that the whole process was a huge learning curve which in turn has had positive affects on my future practice. PARTS OF THE REPORT Rationale Explains why I embarked on this particular topic, process I used in decided topic, list of research strategies to achieve aims, Kemmis & McTaggarts (1988) Action Research Planner model Process -What were the key principles underlying Applied Behaviour...
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...Classroom Management 1. Describe and critically discuss the major features of the main approaches to behaviour management the Porter (2007) describes in her text. 2. Critically review the appropriateness of each model to Australian Primary or Secondary School settings. INTRODUCTION Classroom management is a highly emotive and at times spurious phrase. It conjures up many images and experiences in which there are abundant publications bursting with competing theories, applications and never-ending analysis. Google the phrase and over 100,000 pages are listed with various approaches that range from common sense applications to profound theoretical dissertations on the subject (50 ways to handle the difficult class, 10 ways to deal with defiant students, Managing excessive talking successfully, etc...). However, disruptive behaviours in the classroom have real costs including: • distracting other students and the teacher in class • reducing student involvement in the learning process • lowering other students' motivation in or out of class for that particular subject • influencing fairness in assessment • using the teacher’s teaching time unproductively • teacher and students experience a lack of respect Porter (2007)[1] draws down on all the competing theories of classroom management and summarises five/six approaches which take in holistic, constructive, preventative and remedial strategies. These approaches include: ...
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...Behavioral tools are used by human service workers to assist individuals in developing, organizing, and maintaining changes to improve a quality of life. There are approaches service workers may find helpful when working with various clients and working in different situations. To focus on creating healthy behaviors, this report on behavioral tools looks at effective methods of implementing change through the following: client centered approaches, grounding techniques, and operant conditioning through positive and negative reinforcements. The report will also assist human service workers identify some situations that the stated approaches may be used for. Client Centered Approach The client centered approach is a behavioral tool that human service professionals use in counseling or psychotherapy. Developed in the 1930s by American psychologist Carl Rogers (Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders, 2012), client centered therapy focuses on human strengths rather than human deficiencies. The client centered approach is non-directive and creates behavioral change by focusing on personal growth and self-actualization. It was Roger’s belief that humans who move toward self-actualization are more inclined to have concern for others and behave in genuine, trustworthy, and constructive ways. Rogers believed the way to accomplish this was to place the client in control. To establish client control, the therapist does not direct the client, does not pass judgments on the client’s feelings, and...
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...and reinforcement are how B.F. Skinner came to develop his psychological theories on superstitious behavior. Operant conditioning is a voluntary behavior that has been modified by providing reinforcement or punishment. Reinforcement or punishment will cause the behavior to reoccur or avoid the consequence. My 2-year old niece has learn the voluntary reinforce behavior. She will sweep the kitchen after lunch, in the best way she knows how, knowing she will be rewarded a dollar commission. She has also learned not to pull on the cat’s tail because the cat will scratch her and it will hurt, which is considered punishment behavior. Reinforcement behavior she has learned that if she sweeps she will receive a dollar and a dollar will buy her an ice cream. She has been scratch before by the cat when she pulled his tail, the pain from the scratch has caused her not to pull the cat’s tail. This was a punishment by the cat with a painful scratch. Both are voluntary learned behaviors. Reinforcement behavior can be positive or negative. My six year nephew came home showing off his excellent grades and while he was enjoying the attention he was receiving no one asked if he had homework, which allowed him to escape and go play. Praise for excellent grades was positive, but using that distraction so he didn’t have to do his homework became a negative. Because of my nephew’s behavior he was later punished and still had to do his homework. He didn’t like the punishment and hasn’t...
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...JOHN B. WATSON (1878-1958) “Father of Behaviorism” Brenda Anyanwu Paul D. Camp Community College Mrs. Jean Farmer Psychology 201 Abstract Based on a quote from John B. Watson, “Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods, nor is the scientific value of its data dependent upon the readiness with which they lend themselves to interpretation in terms of consciousness. The behaviorist, in his efforts to get a unitary scheme of animal response, recognizes no dividing line between man and brute. The behavior of man, with all of its refinement and complexity, forms only a part of the behaviorist’s total scheme of investigation. (Classics in the History of Psychology) Although, I might not somewhat agree with his theory, Mr. Watson holds some truth about his view on his theory. What you are about to read is about his life and what lead him to his theory on behaviorism. Brenda Anyanwu Mrs. Jean Farmer Psychology 52A November 3, 2010 Project Assignment John Broadus Watson (1878-1958) “Father of Behaviorism” During the year of 1878, John B. Watson was born to parents Pickens and Emma Watson, he was their fourth child. Growing upon a farm in a small town of Travelers Rest, South Carolina the family was poor. Most of the family wealth had been too lost during the civil war. John’s parent...
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...students, and how it has affected the understanding of learning. After this summary one will understand what behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist learning theories look like and how the understanding of these theories are applied to learning. The summary of behaviorism and how it has affected the understanding of learning When one thinks of the word behaviorism the root word behavior presents itself. According to Webster (2010) behavior is the way a person carries, acts, or presents oneself. Add ism to the word and it becomes a doctrine and/or theory. As a result, behaviorism is the theory that the way one presents oneself can be changed. Teachers may identify with the word behaviorism as the word behavior management. This an issue that one has found to be the most probing question of teachers…what type of behavior management system should one implement in the classroom? Behaviorism is the use of extrinsic reward that results in a response, effect, and or behavior change. In behaviorism everything is a result of extrinsic. This theory pushes for some type of learning behavior change for the learner. Connectivism, classical conditioning, contagious conditioning, operant conditioning, and self regulation are the...
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...BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO USE EVERY DAY Behavior management is a style of parent/child interactions that focuses on a positive and pleasant approach. This approach will assist you in establishing interactions that will promote desirable behavior. The methods presented are not something to be used occasionally. For them to be fully effective, you must apply consistently across all areas of your child’s life – continually. Even though implementation can be difficult at first, eventually these techniques will become second nature to you. Even if you’ve tried some of the techniques in the past, it is important to try them again; they may have been less consistent last time you tried. They may be taking awhile to be effective, but keep in mind the longer the behavior has been evident, the longer it will take to change it. Behaviors can also change over time. New ones appear in the place of old. Those skills you learned in the past might be more applicable to what you find concerning today. It is your job to focus on the behavior you’d like to increase or decrease, the more you learn about behavior management techniques, the more tools you’ll gather to help shape and promote the behavior you’d like to see more often. BEHAVIOR IS: Any action that can be seen or heard Is observable Is measurable BEHAVIOR IS NOT: Your reaction to the situation Your interpretation of the situation Your expansion of the situation An effective method of...
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