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Bilingual Analysis

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1980s, it was widely believed that bilingualism was associated with lower cognitive function (Hakuta et al., 1987). Some researchers believed that bilingual children suffer from linguistic, intellectual and academic retardation in relation to their monolingual peers (Tucker & d’Anglejan,1971).
Researchers have also shown the negative effects of bilingualism on cognitive abilities. Our brain is like the banking system in order to draw new information it had to eradicate old information such as first language to store second language (Freire 2000) so bilingualism is verbal disadvantage and bilingual perform poor in verbal-fluency tasks (Gollan & Brown, 2006, (Rosselli et al., 2000), bilinguals have disadvantages in speaking (Gollan et al) due …show more content…
There is evidence that executive functioning of balanced bilinguals’ increased their executive functioning abilities, when compared to monolinguals, bilinguals showed a larger volume of grey matter in the left inferior parietal cortex, because of the stimulation of the executive function (Gollan et al., 2008). This advantage was seen in fluent bilinguals who acquired their second language at an early age (Hernandez & Li, 2007).
This increase in executive stimulation over a lifetime leads to increase in cognitive reserve, acting as a protective buffer against cognitive decline/aging and in Alzheimer’s disease. Bilinguals’ executive control abilities decline less severely than those of monolinguals (Bialystok, Craik, & Freedman, …show more content…
They proved to be more accurate at in remembering episodic information (Wodniecka, Craik & Bialystok 2007; Wodniecka et al. 2010). There is also evidence that bilingualism boosts working memory (Bialystok et al. 2004), on tasks requiring maintenance of information in the mind, temporal order memory and re-sequencing of visual-spatial information held in the mind (Feng et al. 2007).
The constant switching between languages strengthens their executive functions in the brain (Emmorey). Bilingual children outperform monolinguals at solving problem involving selection attention (Bialystok, 1999).
Working memory plays an important role in cognitive development and academic achievement. It is the capability of an individual to hold already read information/facts in the mind and to recount those facts or information to the current reading, to mentally manipulate numbers and to update the results after each procedure, or to translate the given instructions into the action plan (Feng et al.). Bilingualism has positive effects on executive functioning which is crucial for higher thought process and forms working memory. (Miyake & Shah,1999). Bilinguals have greater working memory as compared to monolinguals (Adescope). Bilingual children perorm better than monolinguals in mental flexibility( Hakuta 1987) and non-verbal problem solving tasks(Bialystok&Majumder 1998). Bilinguals and multilinguals have

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