...Bilingual Education vs. ESL Instruction: What's the Difference? When ESL students enter the school system they are given a Home Language Survey which is used to identify the potential students that may be eligible for the ESL program. Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) are used to assess each Limited English Proficient (LEP) student. BICS is the language we need in order to be able to socialize in a social setting. CALP is the language needed for a student to read, listen, speak, write and understand in all subject areas in school. Teachers can also use informal assessments, which can be viewed as ongoing assessments, as a tool to target specific problems of areas, make the necessary adaptions to the student’s lessons, and give them availability to intervene with each student consistently. The primary goal of both English as a second language (ESL) instruction and bilingual education is to teach English each program just go about it in two different manners. English as a second language and bilingual education share the same focus of teaching students English, they are two different programs which some differences in how the class is conducted. English as a second language (ESL) instruction is used primarily in the Tennessee school systems. The ESL program is designed to teach children in English. Most of all their lessons and instructions will be provided primarily in the English Language and each student does...
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...person’s individuality, as the way they use language allows them to socialize and build relationships in their community. For someone who is either a bilingual or multilingual, they are able do these functions using a phenomena called code switching or translanguaging. Code-switching takes place when a bilingual person begins an utterance in one language and then switches to the other language (De Jong, 2011;60). On a broader scale, this type of practice falls under the term translanguage because of its unique meaning-making dimension. It needs to be mentioned that code-switching isn’t a characteristic of bilingualism that’s done for convenience. It is also really beneficial in the classroom. It aids in both learning the English language and speaking it proficiently. Research shows that teachers who use code-switching as a way of establishing relations and affirming students identities (De Jong, 2011:61). Often when bilingual students get stuck trying to articulate an idea, they would switch to the native language and clear up any problems. Along with problem solving, code-switching functions aids in a way that helps students complete tasks efficiently. At the beginning of this chapter, Francois Grosjean states that “Bilinguals are not two monolinguals in one person. (De Jong, 2011;48)” I took this to mean that a bilingual person combines two languages in a very unique way. They are able to articulate the two languages, depending on context, without being inept in either...
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...Raising a Truly Bilingual Child Children who speak more than one language are common in many parts of the world. However, raising your child to become truly bilingual can be quite a task here in the west. The constant bombardment of monolingual pop culture is one of the reasons for this. After all, when your child’s favorite cartoon shows are in English - what else can you expect? The good news is that kids are hardwired to learn new kinds of communication and there are things you can do to facilitate an ideal bilingual learning environment for your child. We’ll introduce some proven methods here that are widely popular around the world. Method #1 - Start With the Small Things What do kids generally look for? What are they easily drawn to...
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...with bilingualism being in the middle of one of the conflicts America has; what should America’s native language be? Most Americans feel it should be English while other feels it should not be determined because of the diversity America has. Either way it presents both a positive and a negative insight and depends on the person. Bilingualism seems to be becoming a necessity because of how many people comet to the United States every minute, hour, and day, which presents a time to change and adapt to meet the needs of those coming to the freedom country. While there are people that feel the people coming to the country should learn the countries ways and while not change. Either way both sides of the conflict have great points, so who is right? Researching the internet they is much information to support both sides some negative some positive. One website states the positives that could come from a country that is bilingual, stating that it well benefits business, education, and possibly the economy. This can create an all-around country. Another site that is the opposite in a summary has a negative view. This site presents that having bilingualism in schools can affect the students, which can present issues such as heavy homework loads; students are more than likely to drop out of school because of the work load. The site goes further into detail regarding the issues. The second site that also presented a negative attribute towards bilingual is directed more towards the...
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...Ethn: Themes In American Culture Chapter 3: The faces of American Schools -School counsels in low income schools have fewer counselors ( E.g California per 800 students -School Librarians one for every 5,123 students -School psychologists one for every 1,383 students in 2007 -Social workers one for every 18, Three reason s why children do not participant in preschool programs - Fewer programs are located in their neighborhood -Many of parents are concerned that traditional values are not being taught in preschool -Students are not being taught in their primary language in preschool -Other reasons- if they aren't available , affordable and culturally sensitive than they aren't sending their children to preschool. How latinos students are tracked -In first grade, are typically grouped for reading instruction -Boundaries are formed early on by these group - High achieving groups really have behavior problems but rather have engaged students -confirms that the earlier you are assigned to groups in tracked. Inadequate School Funding -All have high latino populations all have low pre student spending in their k-12 schools -How school funding affects student achievement -Peer conditions The digital divide -Latino student shave less access to the internet than do white students -Latino student are more likely to use technology for games and entertainment than for educational purpose. -Latino students are less like to have parents help them navigate a...
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...MANUEL L. QUEZON UNIVERSITY Manila, Philippines SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PSYCHOLOGY (Ph.D) First Semester 2013-2014 SEMINAR IN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIAL ISSUES (SPSI) A REPORT ON “THE NAGGING LANGUAGE ISSUE” (BILINGUAL APPROACH IN EDUCATION) Submitted by: ARVELLA M. ALBAY Ph.D Psych Student Submitted to: DR. MARY ANN VILLENA Professor June 29, 2013 MANUEL L. QUEZON UNIVERSITY Manila, Philippines School of Graduate Studies Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (Ph.D) First Semester 2013-2014 SEMINAR IN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIAL ISSUES (SPSI) Topic : THE NAGGING LANGUAGE ISSUE (Bilingual Approach in Education) Reporter : ARVELLA MEDINA-ALBAY, Ph.D Psych Professor : DR. MARY ANN VILLENA INTRODUCTION BILINGUAL EDUCATION involves teaching academic content in two languages, in a native and secondary language with varying amounts of each language used in accordance with the program model. ➢ “Bilingual Education Policy (BEP) in the Philippines is defined operationally as the separate use of Filipino and English as the media of instruction in specific subject areas.” As embodied in the DECS Order, Filipino shall be used as medium of instruction in social studies/social sciences, music, arts, physical education, home economics, practical arts and character education. English, on the other hand is allocated to science, mathematics, and technology subjects. ➢ From the above description, it is quite evident that there is confusion for...
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...learn English, while native English speakers do not have this same cultural influence to learn another language. However, that is no excuse for native English speakers. For the 2014-2015 school year, the high school graduation rate reached 83%, as surveyed by npr.org. 83% of students from that year attended schooling regularly for twelve years and graduated, meeting the requirements of a variety of standardized testing...
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...with limited English proficiency also have in common that their parents are poorly educated, that their family income is low, that they reside in communities in which many families are similarly struggling, and that they attend schools with student bodies that are predominantly minority and low achieving. According to Michelle Lawrence (2009), working with middle and high school English Language Learners (ELLs) presents a unique set of benefits and challenges. In order to achieve the highest level of success in the classroom, it's important to acknowledge these benefits and challenges and understand how they affect student learning. It doesn't matter how great instruction is — if the social and emotional needs of a student are not met, success in the classroom will become that much more difficult to achieve. This is especially true for middle and high school ELLs. Many ELLs at this age are responsible for much more than the average teenager, and have a complex set of transitions and concerns to face. Likewise, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (2008), states that, anyone can learn a new language. Some people find it easier than others, but all of us can do it. People who can use two languages are bilingual. Children can learn to be bilingual. They can learn two languages at...
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...《跨文化传播》课程论文 题目：Japanese System of Bilingual Education: Connecting Intercultural Communication with Bilingualism (跨文化传播、双语形象与多元文化主义：以日本双语教学为例) 研 究 生： 阿夏 指导教师： 安然 学 号： 201122800213 学 院： 新闻与传播学院 专 业： 传播学 华南理工大学研究生院 二〇一二年七月 Abstract The concept of "bilingualism" (two-, multilingualism) has become a symbol of the XXI century. Bilingualism is a way of thinking, perception of the world, self-identity. Open borders within the Schengen Zone, simplified procedure of obtaining temporary visas due to lack of human resources within the countries, etc. caused the significant increase of the immigration processes. Moving from one country to another, people are introducing traditions, lifestyle and language of the country of origin to the new ground. (Intensive processes of integration taking place in modern global community, could be characterized as comprehensive and multifaceted, and can be analyzed from different perspectives, theoretical frameworks and approaches. It should be noted that these processes determine the complex, multifaceted problems, among which there is a multilingualism, the most common variant of it - bilingualism. ) Bilingual education is a form of education in which information is presented to the students in two (or more) language (Bilingual education). English has been playing a central role in the cross-cultural communication as the common international language...
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...factors involved in delivering quality basic education, language is clearly the key to communication and understanding in the classroom. Many developing countries are characterized by individual as well as societal multilingualism, yet continue to allow a single foreign language to dominate the education sector. Instruction through a language that learners do not speak has been called “submersion” (Skutnabb-Kangas 2000) because it is analogous to holding learners under water without teaching them how to swim. Compounded by chronic difficulties such as low levels of teacher education, poorly designed, inappropriate curricula and lack of adequate school facilities, submersion makes both learning and teaching extremely difficult, particularly when the language of instruction is also foreign to the teacher. Mother tongue-based bilingual...
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...Reading and Second Language Learners Research Report May 1999 This report prepared by Magda Costantino, Ph.D. The Evergreen Center for Education Improvement The Evergreen State College Olympia, Washington 98505 With assistance from: Joe St. Charles Susan Tepper Edlamae Baird Acknowledgment to Gary Burris and Lynne Adair For their invaluable assistance with the project This material is available in alternative format by request. Contact Bilingual Education at 360-753-2573, TDD 360-664-3631. The Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction complies with all federal and state rules and regulations and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, age or marital status. Table of Contents (click on page number for access) Introduction......................................................................................................................... 1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 3 Chapter One Language Acquisition and the Language Learner .......................................................... 7 Section One: How Does First Language Develop? .................................................... 7 Section Two: How Does Second Language Develop? ............................................... 9 Foundational Theories ...............................................................................................
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...English Language Learners (ELL). The program restricts bilingual education as laws were passed to require Structured English Immersion (SEI). The SEI program encourages school districts to improve ELL students English proficiency so state student performance assessment scores don’t create possible sanctions for the school district. Additionally, the SEI program provides support for ELL students who previously reached a plato at an intermediate level, conversational English. School districts found ELL students were taught in English, but were not actually learning the rules, structures, and vocabulary of the English language. According to the article The Case for Structured English Immersion authored by Kevin Clark, implementing the SEI program was interpreted differently in school districts around Arizona. Some educators viewed the program as a form of submersion in which ELL students were placed in regular classrooms with little or no modification. While others viewed the program as sheltered instruction in which students of higher proficiency are provided strategies to understand grade-level content. Successful frameworks for SEI have common elements, however; a large amount of time is set aside for English instruction, students are grouped by their English language ability, academic content plays a secondary role to English language instruction, students and teachers speak, read, and write in English negating a bilingual atmosphere, teachers use foreign language instructional...
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...Aria: Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood, is the story of one child who goes through a metamorphosis, changing from a person who was very close with his Mexican culture, and followed its traditions closely, to some one who left his traditions as time passed. This is mostly to the feeling of alienation that was brought forth from the environment that Mr. Rodrigues lived in, where his family used language to cope with being different. Here is where is memoir changes drastically for readers, as there are certain groups that can understand not only the language, Spanish, but can relate to the context given as this feeling of alienation seems to permeate to todays society, while there are those who wont understand the language used. This use of language is exemplified by his use of stylistic features such as his use of language, the changes of tone in the piece...
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...Materials as a guideline. When you complete each section, submit this document to your Week 3 Assignment 1 link on your student website. Save this document so you can reference it as you work on building your career plan in your future University of Phoenix courses. Section 1: Career Research 1. Go to http://www.phoenix.edu and browse the available degrees, then complete the following table. 2. List the degree programs you are interested in and potential careers that might require these degrees. Careers and degrees I’m interested in | What I know about these careers and degrees | What I need to know about these careers and degrees | Case/Social Worker | Great job opportunities available in every city, especially for bilinguals. Salary paying job with benefits, normal work hours; I get to help people. The University of Phoenix offers an Associates of Arts degree with a concentration in Human Services Management. I know that with this degree I can seek a job with the government and it has a rapid growth as Health Care is also growing. | I need to know how likely I am to get a job with this Associates degree or if I need to continue my education to a Bachelor’s level.I also need to know where there are the higher paying job locations (with the most rapid employment growth and low living costs).Are there scholarship programs/employers that will help pay for this type of degree I am seeking? | Teaching Assistant | Always a relevant position available as there...
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...Before I started my research in Code-Switching, I had very little knowledge of what code switching actually was. Through my research, I came to find that code means language; switching means alternating between. Right as I started my research, I started to notice that authors spell “code switching” in different ways. For example, they use it as two words, with a hyphen between them, or as one word. The different ways to spell code switching is a perfect example of the meaning of the word/s itself. Switching languages can mean a variety of things. As the articles I annotate below indicate, language switching can occur without notice, between dialects of a language, between different languages, and so on. Due to its broadness, it is important to focus on a topic of interest when researching code switching. I decided to focus on the advantages and benefits that Code Switching provides. The articles I reviewed give reasons why code switching happens, and some articles present many explanations. However, the main reasons as put forth by Arnfast and Jorgensen (2003), imitate the three main reasons that code switchers give for using their skill. These reasons are: to fill in linguistic gaps for words, acquisition or maintenance of social power, and social acceptance. After much research and by reading several studies of these approaches, I came to the conclusion that code switching is used rarely for one purpose. It is also doubtful that the users are completely aware of all the reasons...
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