...This week assignment was based on us to write about how biological evidence is obtained at the crime-scene. Biological evidence means the evidence that is commonly recovered from crime scenes. Such evidences are in the form of blood, saliva, sperm, hair, tissue, bones, teeth, blood, or other bodily fluids.Since blood, semen, and saliva originate as liquids, they quickly coat or penetrate surfaces they are deposited on, and when dried they are difficult to remove. Because no two humans are genetically the same (except for identical twins) these body fluids are unique to the person they originated from. By performing DNA analysis of these fluids or stains, a genetic marker profile can be obtained that is essentially specific to that individual. At a crime scene, many types of biological evidences may be present. Each type of biological evidence has a unique importance and its own probative value. Ordinarily, biological evidence are photographed or collected from crime scene and sent to the laboratory for a DNA investigation. The DNA specific to each individual is an effective means of identification. DNA analyst can associate evidence to a person and give the frequency of occurrence in a random population. However, microscopic hair examinations tend to be subjective and highly dependant on the skills and integrity of the analyst. For this reason a reported hair comparison must contain DNA information. DNA does more than just identify the source of the sample; it can place...
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...This week assignment was based on us to write about how biological evidence is obtained at the crime-scene. Biological evidence means the evidence that is commonly recovered from crime scenes. Such evidences are in the form of blood, saliva, sperm, hair, tissue, bones, teeth, blood, or other bodily fluids.Since blood, semen, and saliva originate as liquids, they quickly coat or penetrate surfaces they are deposited on, and when dried they are difficult to remove. Because no two humans are genetically the same (except for identical twins) these body fluids are unique to the person they originated from. By performing DNA analysis of these fluids or stains, a genetic marker profile can be obtained that is essentially specific to that individual. At a crime scene, many types of biological evidences may be present. Each type of biological evidence has a unique importance and its own probative value. Ordinarily, biological evidence are photographed or collected from crime scene and sent to the laboratory for a DNA investigation. The DNA specific to each individual is an effective means of identification. DNA analyst can associate evidence to a person and give the frequency of occurrence in a random population. However, microscopic hair examinations tend to be subjective and highly dependant on the skills and integrity of the analyst. For this reason a reported hair comparison must contain DNA information. DNA does more than just identify the source of the sample; it can place...
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...Biological evidence risk being exposed to harsh environmental conditions such as heat, direct sunlight, and water that can break down the chemical structure of DNA. This type of exposure damages DNA by randomly breaking the molecules into smaller pieces. Inhibitors of the polymerase chain reaction can also interfere with the ability to recover a full DNA profile from biological evidence (Forensic DNA, 2014). Current technology is being researched and developed to recover information from smaller regions of DNA, which are more likely to be intact following any possible damage. These new tests include mini short tandem repeats (STRs) which use PCR primers close to the STR repeat region and single nucleotide polymorphisms (Forensic DNA, 2014)....
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...processes is involved. Forensic Chemistry is an interdisciplinary field of Chemistry tasked to solve cases that can only be explained or resolved by applying analytical methods of investigation and instrumentation with chemistry as the main core of discussion. Forensic chemistry is a broad and diversified field of science. It includes all branches of chemistry and the application of its principles to solve crimes when it arise in the administration of justice. Significantly, Forensic chemistry is vital in crime detection when the components or chemical composition, structure of physical evidence/s collected from the scene of the crime are needed to support in the speedy solution of crime. Application of forensic chemistry is legally applied to the following: 1. Primarily, Forensic Chemistry deals in the recognition, identification, preservation, packaging & transportation of physical evidence collected at the crime scene. 2. In crime detection, it is applied in the identification of poisons, blood, semen, feces, urine, saliva, and other body fluids whether fresh or dried. It also include other stains of interests from ob-gynecological origin, mineral stains, fruits and/or vegetable stains. 3. It is involved in determining the kind of ink used in signature writings, and the kind of paper of a questioned document. 4. The knowledge of properties of volatile substance like organic solvents (alcohol, acetone, etc), accelerants (gasoline, kerosene, oils), and miscible materials...
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...responded to a call at the Dou Chene Apartment Complex in College Station. Upon entering into the Unit they found the Victim. She deceased and slumped over the bed in a kneeling position, in addition, she was nude from the waist down. There where numerous items gathered from inside house that had been intentionally set ablaze after being placed between her legs. This was quickly identified as an attempt by the perpetrator to destroy evidence at the scene of a homicide. Homicide Detectives began interviewing everyone that had attended the party and asking them for DNA samples. Eventually, Ynobe Matthews was asked to had over certain articles of clothing he wore during the party. He was also asked to give samples of his head hair, pubic hair, blood and saliva. After homicide detectives viewed video surveillance camera footage taken from a convenience store, it was discovered that he intentionally gave detectives the wrong clothing. When he was confronted with the camera footage he handed over the missing clothing which where promptly tested for evidence. Due to the fire, semen was not...
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...responded to a call at the Dou Chene Apartment Complex in College Station. Upon entering into the Unit they found the Victim. She deceased and slumped over the bed in a kneeling position, in additon, she was nude from the waist down. There where numerous items gathered from inside house that had been intentionally set abalze after being placed between her legs. This was quickly identified as an attempt by the perpetrator to destroy evidence at the scene of a homicide. Homicide Detectives began interviewing everyone that had attended the party and asking them for DNA samples. Eventually, Ynobe Matthews was asked to had over certain articles of clothing he wore during the party. He was also asked to give samples of his head hair, pubic hair, blood and saliva. After homicide detectives viewed video surveillance camera footage taken from a convenience store, it was discovered that he intentionally gave detectives the wrong clothing. When he was confronted with the camera footage he handed over the missing clothing which where promptly tested for evidence. Due to the fire, semen was not...
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...Student’s name Professor’s name Course Date Introduction Perhaps human being is the most curious animal in the quest to dominate the world. Research or quest for gaining full knowledge of the dynamics of an entity is clear evidence that man is interested to fully utilize and dominate the world. Why else would someone make inquiries into something that will not be of help to them, and is already aware of it existence? Research is aimed at searching for a complete understanding of an existing entity known to man. However, every research conducted by man has been proved that there is no hope of doing perfect research (Griffiths, p97). I fully conclude with the observation of Griffiths. Martin Shuttleworth defines research as “… the definition of research includes any gathering of data, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge.” A perfect research would mean that the research with no doubt is a replica of the process and elements involved in the creation of an entity. Does the human being have the power to create replica of what they are not fully familiar? Research after research has been met with critic to explain errors, bias, faults and weakness of the research. If the research were perfect, there would be no existence of vocabulary such as random and systematic errors associated with quantitative and qualitative researches respectively. There are a multiple number of research that have had to be thrown to...
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...necessarily correct. The term sex is a biological term that refers to the physical differences between males and females. If sex is the term that encompasses male or female, then what exactly is gender? Gender is a psychological term that refers to the awareness and reaction to the biological term of sex. It also is a term that can construe more than one meaning. Gender is determined by biological, psychological, and sociological factors. Gender consists of three elements: gender role, gender identity, and sexual orientation or preference (Kenyon, 1994-2006). Gender role, is defined as the outward manifestations of personality that reflect the gender identity. Basically, it occurs when someone adopts the masculine or feminine behavioral traits that are associated with each sex. Gender role is manifested within society by observable factors such as behavior and appearance (Ghosh, 2009). Gender identity refers to a person’s personal sense of whether he or she are male or female (or rarely, both or neither). Gender identity, in nearly all instances, is self-identified, as a result of a combination of inherent and extrinsic or environmental factors (Ghosh, 2009). And sexual orientation or preference is whom a person is physically and sexually attracted to. In this paper the topics of discussion will be the interaction between hormones and behaviors in addition to how these interactions affect determining gender identity. It will also explore the biological factor, and how it influences gender...
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...NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS ANTHRAX VACCINE AS A COMPONENT OF THE STRATEGIC NATIONAL STOCKPILE: A DILEMMA FOR HOMELAND SECURITY by Thomas L. Rempfer December 2009 Thesis Advisor: Second Reader: Stanley Supinski Dean Lynch Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 2. REPORT DATE December 2009 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Master’s Thesis 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Anthrax Vaccine as a Component of the Strategic National Stockpile: A Dilemma for Homeland Security 6. AUTHOR(S) Thomas L. Rempfer 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943-5000...
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...In Unit 731, the production of bacteria firstly focused on the survival of cultures for further study. Each disease had its own process of being cultivated and relied heavily on precise measurements to avoid spreading of plague, dysentery, typhoid, and others to the doctors’ accidentally. In his entire affidavit, Ishii denies his knowledge of the use of biological weapons used offensively during the war. Though it is hard to believe that the leader of an entire unit knew nothing about non-defensive uses of the diseases he cultivated while in control of Unit 731. The outright denial of most of the experiments performed in Unit 731 did not fool the interviewer since Col. Smirnov had testimony from others in the unit. However, Ishii’s interrogation did not yield enough critical evidence to force him to trial since he ordered most physical evidence of Unit 731 destroyed once Japan declared their official surrender. It came down the hearsay between the leaders of Unit 731 and, though Ishii clearly lied in his interrogation, nothing at the time could prove that he had carried out biological...
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...experimentation conducted by Unit 731. More than 95% of the victims who died in the camp based in Pingfang were Chinese and Korean, including both civilian and military.[3] The remaining 5% were South East Asians and Pacific Islanders, at the time colonies of the Empire of Japan, and a small number of the prisoners of war from the Allies of World War II.[4] According to the 2002 International Symposium on the Crimes of Bacteriological Warfare, the number of people killed by the Imperial Japanese Army germ warfare and human experiments is around 580,000.[5] According to other sources, the use of biological weapons researched in Unit 731's bioweapons and chemical weapons programs resulted in possibly as many as 200,000 deaths of military personnel and civilians in China.[6] Unit 731 was the headquarters of many subsidiary units used by the Japanese to research biological warfare; other units included Unit 516 (Qiqihar), Unit 543 (Hailar), Unit 773 (Songo unit), Unit 100 (Changchun), Unit Ei 1644 (Nanjing), Unit 1855 (Beijing), Unit 8604 (Guangzhou), Unit 200 (Manchuria) and Unit 9420 (Singapore). Many of the scientists involved in Unit 731 went on to prominent careers in post-war politics, academia, business, and medicine. Some were arrested by Soviet forces and tried at the Khabarovsk War Crime Trials; others surrendered to the American Forces. On 6 May 1947, Douglas MacArthur, as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces, wrote to Washington that "additional data...
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...gather information, watch your inferences, check your assumptions, clarify your concepts, understand your point of view, and think through the implications. These eight elements of thought come from Dr. Linda Elder and Dr. Richard Paul. We will use Dr. Elder’s and Dr. Paul’s eight elements of thought to analyze and discuss about The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction. This is also known as the overview of the WMD Report. The main purpose of this report is to determine and expose the lack of critical thinking that was used by each of the intelligence agencies that assumed that Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, had reconstituted his nuclear weapons program, had biological weapons, had mobile biological weapon production facilities, and had stockpiled and was producing chemical weapons. The coverage of the most public and most damaging intelligence failure in recent American history will be used by the authors to offer their conclusions on what needs to be done to avoid such disastrous misinterpretations and misconceptions. There are several key questions addressed by the authors in this report. First, what led...
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...Advertisement Has WIRETIME, Inc., committed any torts? If so, explain. WIRETIME, Inc. might have committed written defamation, alongside BUGusa, Inc. by inserting an ad in a magazine saying that the corporations had defective and low quality merchandise. BUGusa must attest to four fundamentals to confirm a case against WIRETIME. Initially, BUGusa must prove that the announcements made in the advertisement are not factual. The ad was published in a magazine, proving the distribution to a third party component. The ad precisely cited BUGusa’s recording devices, me the criteria. The last part to show that BUGusa suffered harm is because of the advertisement. A substantial decrease in sales after the printing date of the advertisement is adequate evidence to prove the final element. Scenario: WIRETIME, Inc. (Janet) Has WIRETIME, Inc. committed any torts? If so, explain. In the situation between Janet and WIRETIME, Inc., Janet was called by the Human Resource manager for WIRETIME, Inc. and requested if she would come into work for them unknowing there is a contract between Janet and BUGusa, Inc. This contract states she is not permitted to be employed by any of BUGusa's competitors for the extent of the 2-year contract. Once she gave the manager a copy of the agreement, she was soon offered a 10% increase in her current salary, in addition a $5,000 bonus for signing. WIRETIME, Inc. did commit a tort. They committed a tortuous intrusion with existing contractual association...
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...Bus Radio Theft Investigation Case Joseph Hawley Sec/430 October 28, 2013 Damain Torres Bus Radio Theft Investigation Case In every crime discovered by the authorities, expect an investigation. It is done for the authorities to know more about the case at hand, to find out the responsible party, their reasons, why they chose the victims and so on. It is used to create a case and to give justice to what the victims has experienced. Although the main reason for investigating us take for example a case in Kelsey known as the “Bus Radio Theft Case”. It happened at one of the schools in Kelsey which is the Unified School District. The perpetrators choose to steal radios from school buses. Although the case happened a few years back, there are some aspects of investigations used in this case that we want to study and show you. In reviewing the said incident, we can simply learn one thing, how to solve the mystery involving radio bus thefts. We will take a look at how the investigators of the said case created and accumulated their documents, how they made observations and derive their resolutions from it. We will also take a look at some o the important and useful techniques they used to make the investigation a success including choosing the right people for questioning. The way these investigators compiled the information they gathered will be taken into consideration as well. The investigation about the bus radio theft incidents started after a report came in saying there...
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...Oregon v. Alvarez A139512 Facts: Maximilliano Alvarez is the Defendant in this case and Eric Johansen argued the versus the State of Oregon. The defendant appealed from conviction that was a gang-related assault. The defendant hit and beat a 16 year old with a metal baseball bat, and also his friend used a metal rod. The jury gave him guilty verdicts on two counts of first degree assault, and 3 counts of unlawful use of a weapon. The defendant pointed out an error on the first degree assault stating that the state did not prove that his assault caused the victim “serious physical injury” the defendant did not think that his actions did not cause damage to a point where the victim was at risk of dying. The court didn’t show evidence that when Mr. Alvarez hit the victim with the metal baseball bat that his hits created a “substantial risk of death”. Questions presented: 1. Was the beating that Mr. Alvarez gave to the victim enough to cause a substantial risk of death? 2. Should the defendant be able to get rid of the first degree assault to a lowered charge because the prosecutor didn’t show how his actions made the risk of death? 3. What is enough to cause “serious physical injury?” Answers/holding: We conclude, the court decided that because a blow to the victims head hard enough to make a “ding” sound, to have a wound where it exposed the skull, to have to need four stables and, cause the victim to be unconscious it still was a substantial risk of death. Also the...
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