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Biomedical Science

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Stem cells can develop into mature cells and tissues. They are classified according to their potency, a measure of the number of cell types a stem cell can develop into. Totipotent step cells, found at the earliest stages of embryonic development, can develop into any cell type in the body, while multi- potent stem cells, found in adults, may be able to develop into a few cell types. Stem cells in a laboratory setting can be guided to mature into one cell type over another. There are a number of benefits for stem cell therapy in medicine.

One major benefit of stem cell technology is the potential role of stem cells in treatment of previously incurable diseases. A number of cell types in the body can no longer renew themselves once they have matured. As a result, nerve damage or nerve cell death in the brain is typically permanent--since brain cells are considered permanent cells, there is only a very limited capacity to renew damaged brain cells.

Stem cell therapy may provide a way to treat diseases characterized by damage to cells that do not normally regenerate. The use of stem cells as a therapy for neurodegenerative disease, such as Parkinson's disease is on-going, according to a 2004 study published in Nature Medicine. Continued advances in stem cell technology may benefit the treatment for previously incurable disorders, such as Parkinson's.

Another potential benefit is that stem cells may serve as the source for tissue following injury. Since some stem cells have the ability to generate any cell type in the body, advances in stem cell technology may allow researchers to culture new graft tissue from a patient's stem cells to be used in treatment. Stem cells from the patient have the benefit of not inducing the immune response that would occur from receiving a tissue graft from another patient and would therefore lead to fewer post-graft

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