...Congestive heart failure is defined as; “the heart does not pump as well as it should to meet the body’s oxygen demands.” (Congestive Heart Failure, John Hopkins Medicine) The heart has four chambers; two atria in the upper part of the heart, and two ventricles in the lower part of the heart. Ventricles transport blood to the organs and tissues. The atria receive blood after it circulates from the body. When another condition has damaged or weakened the heart, and the heart can’t maintain the normal demands of pumping blood to the rest of the body, heart failure occurs. The ventricles can become stiff and not fill properly in between beats. The ventricles can also stretch causing the heart to not be able to properly pump blood to the whole body. Increased heart rate usually occurs which is caused by increased sympathetic activity trying to maintain cardiac output. When the sympathetic stimulation is increased, it releases vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone), which then causes fluid retention in the kidneys. When this happens, one can have hypertension There...
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...Heart Failure Western Governors University Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Heart Failure It is estimated that about five million people in the United States are living with heart failure with an overwhelming number of 550,000 newly diagnosed cases each year, costing the nation roughly $32 billion dollars per year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Heart failure is a complex, pathophysiological condition in which the ventricles of the heart is weakened and unable to pump effectively to meet the body’s needs for nutrients or has lost adequate filling capacity. Clinical presentations of heart failure depends on which ventricles have failed to pump blood adequately; left ventricular failure, also known as congestive heart failure (CHF) is more common than right ventricular failure (McCance & Huether, 2014). The most common symptoms of heart failure are shortness of breath, fatigue, and peripheral edema. HF is not a disease, but rather a manifestation of a diseased heart. Large number of disorders can lead to heart failure, and with the aging population and many surviving primary cardiac events, it is no surprise that the most common reason for hospitalization in patients older than 65 years old is heart failure (McClintock, Mose, & Smith, 2014). Heart failure has become a major public health problem because it is the only cardiac condition that continues to increase in prevalence (McClintock, Mose, & Smith, 2014)...
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...American Heart Association Joemary Kallarackal Grand Canyon University: NRS-430 V November 5, 2011 [pic] [pic] American Heart Association: The American Heart Association is a national voluntary health agency whose mission is to reduce disability and death from cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Our Vision: Our vision is to build healthier lives, free of cardiovascular diseases and stroke. That single purpose drives all we do. The need for our work is beyond question. Our Mission: Smoke free public places, more walk able and bikable streets, roads and parks, better nutrition and high-quality physical education in our schools, adequate, affordable and available health care for all. Membership Requirements and Criteria: National Science Officers and board members, committee members, Council officers, subcommittee members, At-Large members of Council Leadership Committees and journal editors are required to be members at the Premium Professional or at the Premium Professional Plus membership level. Student/trainee and Early Career members holding committee positions are required to be members at the Student Trainee/Early Career Level(.2) Membership is not required of peer reviewers, writing group members and ad hoc task force members with expertise outside of the Association. (3) Members currently serving on science committees, as identified on the following list, should renew their membership in the Premium Professional or at the Premium Professional Plus tier for...
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...Annotated Bibliographies Lisa Stevens Kaplan University Annotated Bibliographies Au, A., McAlister, F., Bakal, J., Ezekowitz, J., Kaul, P., & vanWalraven, C. (2012). Predicting the risk of unplanned readmission or death within 30 days of discharge after a heart failure hospitalization. American Heart Journal, 164(3). 365-372. Retrieved from: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/771215_print This article sought to find an appropriate model to predict the risk of unplanned heart failure readmissions. The primary outcome from chart reviews also included death of heart failure patients within 30 days of discharge. The study looked at Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) models and the LACE+ index, to mention two of many that looked at prediction ability. The LACE+ index is a model that looks at length of stay, acuity, the Charlson comorbidity score and age, to predict readmissions. They found that no one model was appropriate in predicting the 30-day readmission rates, although using a combination of the models was an improvement to that predictor. The authors are all physicians, PhDs, or have a Master’s degree- helping to establish credibility. The authors also make a statement as to the funding of the project and that they (the authors) were solely responsible for all data collection, design and submission approval writing for the project, also lending credibility to the study. The references used for this study were appropriate in age, of the 28; 13 were...
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...head: EDUCATION AND CONGESTIV HEART FAILURE How does patient education affect compliance with Congestive Heart Failure? How does patient education affect compliance with Congestive Heart Failure? How does education affect compliance with congestive heart failure? I have chosen this topic because congestive heart failure is a disease process that continues to grow throughout our communities. These patients tend to be readmitted into the hospital frequently due to noncompliance. Problem Identification Education of congestive heart failure is one of society’s largest challenges. The need to focus on compliance of treatment plan, self management, and patient education of this disease process is essential for favorable outcomes. The articles chosen for the information retrieval paper were located on line at the University of Texas at Arlington library in the CINHL database. These articles were written between the years of 2006 and 2009. All three articles were peer reviewed. While searching the data base for articles, information regarding education, compliance, and outcomes was a key focus. The articles were chosen for their content related to the education process of the patient with congestive heart failure and how compliance would affect outcomes. The knowledge of congestive heart failure of the medical professional was also explored. Summary of Articles First article Congestive heart failure is a debilitating and chronic...
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...Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure Nicole Martin North Island College Congestive Heart Failure Left heat failure, also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is an imbalance in pump function in which the heart is failing and unable to do its work pumping enough blood to meet the needs of the body’s other organs. CHF is commonly thought of as a disease but in fact is a syndrome. A syndrome as defined by Mosby’s Dictionary, as “a complex of signs and symptoms resulting from a common cause or appearing in combination, to present a clinical picture of a disease or inherited abnormality” (Mosby, 2009). Heart failure usually develops slowly, often over years, as the heart gradually loses its pumping ability and works less efficiently. CHF affects individuals in different ways and to different degrees. It is usually a chronic disease and gradually becomes worse over time. Many people are not even aware of their condition until symptoms appear years after the heart began its decline. There are many causes, risk factors, and signs & symptoms that help determine if someone is at risk of developing CHF or already living with CHF. Nearly 500,000 Canadians are currently living with the condition, with 50,000 new cases diagnosed each year. With such high numbers of people diagnosed with CHF, I believe as a future nurse it will be beneficial to have a greater understanding as to how CHF develops, how it is treated, and how it is management. Etiology The etiology...
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...Carvedilol is indicated in the management of congestive heart failure (CHF), as an adjunct to conventional treatments (ACE inhibitors and diuretics). The use of carvedilol has been shown to provide additional morbidity and mortality benefits in severe CHF.[9] Carvedilol (Carvil) is available at the following doses 3.125 mg (smallest), followed by 6.25 mg,12.5 mg, and 25 mg white tablets. Coreg CR is available at the following doses: 10mg(white/green capsules), 20mg(white/yellow capsules), 40mg(yellow/green capsules), and 80mg(white capsules). [10] U.S. supply issues On January 10, 2006 carvedilol supply became limited in the United States, due to changes in documentation procedures at a plant. This was lifted on April 27, 2006 in a Dear Pharmacist letter.[11] Approval of controlled-release formulation On October 20, 2006, the FDA approved a controlled release formulation of carvedilol; it is marketed as Coreg CR. References Press Release, FDA Approves First Generic Versions of Coreg, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Sep. 5, 2007 Stafylas PC, Sarafidis PA (2008). "Carvedilol in hypertension treatment". Vasc Health Risk Manag 4 (1): 23–30. doi:10.2147/vhrm.2008.04.01.23. PMC 2464772. PMID 18629377. Othman AA, Tenero DM, Boyle DA, Eddington ND, Fossler MJ (2007). "Population pharmacokinetics of S(-)-carvedilol in healthy volunteers after administration of the immediate-release (IR) and the new controlled-release (CR) dosage forms of the racemate". AAPS...
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...Geriatric History and Physical with Problem List and Plan Health Assessment Lab General Patient Information Client: 81-year-old Caucasian/Italian female Source: Client, seems reliable Marital status: Widower Religion: Catholic Occupation: House wife Formal education: High school Primary language: English, written and spoken Secondary: None Reason for Seeking Care: Shortness of breath and productive cough. History of Present Illness: Recurrent episodes of shortness of breathe and productive cough since 2008. First episode occurred when she was in her early 80’s. She was awakened in the middle of the night with a very painful right-sided chest pain and cough. There was no warning of a problem. She reports the pain was “tight and pounding”. The pain was a 10 on a numeric scale 0-10 lasting about 25 minutes. Patient states her cough worsens when walking long distances, especially without using her walker and her breathing becomes labored. She states her cough usually lasts about three days but has noticed it becoming more persistent and feels the need to cough up phlegm. She saw a physician for that episode. Diagnostic test confirmed a diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease when she had her first episode of these symptoms. Her lung sounds presented with some wheezing on the upper lungs bilaterally, she had rapid shallow breathing with a respiration of 24. Upon walking long distances she becomes emotionally anxious; rest does not...
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...1. Clinical Question: Select a health-related topic applicable to your practice setting and formulate a clinical question, using the PICO (T) format. Please type the question here: Are patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) less likely to be readmitted if involved in an in home monitoring program? 2. Identify the PICO (T) Terms: P - Patients with CHF I - In Home Monitoring C - No in Home Monitoring O - Decreased Readmission T - 5 Years from 2009-2013 3. Search: PubMed/MEDLINE Go to MEDLINE at http://www.pubmed.gov and conduct a search on your clinical question. Please type your search history in the table below: Search Number | P | I | C | O | T | # of Results | Notes | 1 | Congestive Heart Failure | | | | | 33058 | I typed “congestive heart failure” in the search field and clicked ‘Search’. | 2 | | Home Monitoring | | | | 1077 | I cleared the search field and typed in “home monitoring” and clicked ‘Search’. | 3 | | | | Decreased Readmission | | 11954 | I cleared the search and typed in readmission instead of decreased readmission to widen my search results and clicked ‘Search’. | 4 | #1 | #2 | | #3 | | 40 | I then clicked ‘Advanced Search’ and combined Searches #1, #2, and #3 using the Boolean operator “AND”. I then clicked ‘Search’. | 5 | #1 | #2 | | #3 | 5 years | 22 | I chose to further the search by retrieving only current articles, so I used the same ‘Advanced Search’ from 4 but then clicked on ‘Limits’ and...
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...Health Promotion in Nursing Care Rhea Acklin Grand Canyon University: NRS429V-Family Centered Health Promotion May 21, 2014 Instructor: Lori James Concepts of Health and Illness The most important goals of a nurse are to promote health, restore health, prevent illness, and to facilitate coping with illness, death and disability. Nurses maximize the health of patients of all ages, in many settings, and in both good health and illness. Health is not just the absence of illness, it is a state of mind, a patients maximum potential. The nurse’s knowledge of health and illness is very important in today’s focus on health promotion and advocacy (Taylor, Lillis, LeMone, & Lynn, 2011). There is a continuing trend toward care being provided in the home and community, moving away from hospital emergency rooms. A classic definition of health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of infirmity (World Health Organization, 1974). Of course, one’s family, culture, community, and society where one lives will influence personal perception of health and wellness. As nurses move forward into the 21st century, we must educate our patients in health promotion, how to prevent illnesses, seek treatment, and living healthier lives. Health Promotion Definition Health promotion today according to the World Health Organization (WHO) is “the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health.” (“Health Promotion...
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...Nurse Driven Education for A Patient Diagnosed With Chronic Systolic Heart Failure Refusing Diagnostic and Interventional Procedures Heather Horsley Wilkes University School of Nursing Abstract Heart failure (HF) is a chronic progressive disease, arising from structural or functional disorders of the heart, in which incidence increases with age. This review attempts to describe the types and causes of HF while focusing on variable aspects of patient education that have a positive effect on patient outcome and quality of life. Specifically, the potential benefits of this education for a 55 year old male patient diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiogram with chronic systolic heart failure, who has refused physician deemed necessary diagnostic testing and treatment. Keywords: heart failure, nurse driven education, heart failure, self-care Nurse Driven Education for Patient Diagnosed With Chronic Systolic Heart Failure Refusing Diagnostic and Interventional Procedures Heart failure (HF) is a major health care concern affecting over 5.7 million people in the United States. It is responsible for 1 in 9 deaths and costs the nation over 32 billion in health care expenses each year (Center for Disease Control, 2013). HF is the most common reason for hospitalization of people older than age 65 (Hinkle and Cheever, 2014). According to Hinkle and Cheever, HF is a “clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional cardiac disorders that impair the ability of the ventricles...
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...for the chart of Jane Dare. Jane Dare Health Record Term | Definition | 1. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE | Congestive heart failure is when you heart muscles doesn’t pump blood as well as it should. | 2. LEFT PLEURAL EFFUSION | Left Pleural Effusion is a buildup of fluid between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest cavity. | 3. NONCONTRIBUTORY | Noncontributory is a form of insurance wherein the employer pays the full premium and the employee is not required to contribute at all. | 4. FUNDOSCOPIC | Fundoscopic is the act of examining the fundus of the eye, as with an ophthalmoscope or with a biomicroscope and slit-lamp. | 5. SUPPLE | Supple is when you can Move and bend with ease. | 6. CRACKLES | A crackle is a small, sharp sound heard on auscultation. It is caused by dry, bristly hair and insufficient pressure on the stethoscopehead. | 7. BENIGN | Benign refers to a condition, tumor, or growth that is not cancerous. | 8. VOIDED | Voiding is another word for emptying the bladder or urinating. | 9. SELF-CARES | Self-cares are care performed for oneself. For example, after the nurse shows a patient how to put on ted stockings and the patient do it for themselves. | 10.COGNITIVE | Cognitive is a generic term embracing the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. | 11.CARDIOMYOPATHY | Cardiomyopathy is a chronic disease of the heart muscle (myocardium), in which the muscle is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened...
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...A toddler with Down syndrome Jeffrey was 14 months when I met him. He was born with Down syndrome and a congenital heart defect and had an open heart surgery when he was 6 months old. Jeffrey often got ear infections and had recently had a set of pressure equalizing (pe) ear tubes placed. Jeffrey was not walking and was not yet crawling. Children with Down syndrome do learn to crawl and walk and talk; it takes longer. Recent research and clinical experience suggests that, with regard to talking, these children benefit from early oral stimulation, oral motor awareness and multiple experiences with oral sensory stimulation. As soon as I met Jeffery, we began working on ` mouth wakeup` activities , stimulating his teeth, lips, gums , hard and soft palate, inside cheeks, and outside jaw muscles with a variety of toys and tools, including vibrators. We taught his parents to do the same at home. Another part of getting ready to talk is stimulating receptive language (language comprehension). In speech therapy visits we begin using short descriptive sentences to describe toys Jeffrey picked up (he was in a high chair initially). We dropped direct questions during these periods of indirect language stimulation and encouraged the parents to do the same. After two to three weeks, Jeffrey’s mother became adept at these techniques and began describing his activities as he did them so that he could hear them and associate the object he had with the words he heard. Her continuing work in this...
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...NRS-427V March 20, 2015 Jen Costello Community Teaching Plan: Teaching Experience Paper Community health nurses have the distinctive ability and knowledge to provide teaching on various health topics within the community. For this teaching experience, this writer chose a home health center which allowed this writer to gather a group of patients 65 years and older, who have been diagnosed with CHF and teach them about heart failure management and how to prevent hospital readmissions. Congestive heart failure is an illness that effects millions each year and with proper management, individuals can still lead a productive life. Prior to the teaching presentation, a community teaching work plan proposal was developed which helped create an outline for the teaching lesson. This paper will review the teaching plan, the epidemiological rational related to CHF, evaluate the teaching experience, how the community responded, and what the strengths of the teaching plan were and areas that need improvement. Summary of teaching plan Teaching about congestive heart failure management and how to prevent returning to the hospital for complications related to CHF, is an important topic to discuss and educate the community about, especially the elderly. The teaching plan developed by this writer estimated the teaching time to last 30 minutes and would take place at Victory Home Care. Between the cost of paper and ink to make the pamphlet for educational handout and cookies, juice, and coffee...
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...Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common manifestations of heart disease. In the US, the lifetime risk of developing HF at age 40 is one in five for both men and women, and continues at this level through the age of 80, despite the reduction in life expectancy.{Roger, 2012 #1789} Chronic HF in particular has increased in prevalence, even as control of other common cardiovascular syndromes, such as myocardial infarction (MI), has improved in recent years.{McCullough, 2002 #1851;Roger, 2012 #1789} HF is a disease of the elderly, affecting 10% of men and 8% of women above the age of 60 years, and its prevalence rises with age.{Roger, 2012 #1789} Given the expected aging of the population, if the incidence of new HF cases continues to increase...
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