...Marijuana vs. Alcohol Omar S. Yarbrough GEN /195 May 23, 2012 Ruth Embelton Cannabis, Weed, Pot, and Mary Jane are just a few names associated with marijuana. Some might say that marijuana is a natural earth plant, so it must be healthy. Unfortunately there are several negative impacts about marijuana such as when inhaling marijuana, it affects ones brain dramatically with every use, lowered learning capabilities, shorter attention span, and weakening verbal and communication skills. (Above the Influence/Marijuana, p. 2006) There are also severe side effects as well such as failure of the lungs which could lead to death. There are 16 states that allow marijuana or medical marijuana to be home grown with several stipulations an example is the allowable limit for a resident to have in their possession at one given time. There are 12 states that have impending legislation to legalize medical marijuana. “The House Bill 0025 states that marijuana, use for medical purposes authorized certified by physician, regulated as controlled substances, Michael Phillips Compass, Uncle Care Act” So to many the true question is if legalized will marijuana be used for its intended purpose or be abused as so many do with alcohol. Tipple, Hooch, Booze, Toddy, Moonshine are just a few names associated with alcohol. Alcohol can be one of the most abused substances in the world. Alcohol is a substance that goes straight to the blood stream. Some alcoholic beverages can go to the blood stream...
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...barriers to toxic substances: 1. Blood-brain barrier 2. Placenta Blood-brain barrier (physiology effectiveness as barriers to toxic substances) The blood–brain barrier is a partition of circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid in the central nervous system. It arises along all the capillaries and comprises of tight junctions close to capillaries which is not present in normal circulation. The blood–brain barrier is composed of high-density cells restricting passage of substances from the bloodstream much more than endothelial cells in capillaries elsewhere in the body. Astrocyte cell projections called astrocytic feet (also known as glia limitans) surround the endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier, offering biochemical aid to those cells. The blood–brain barrier is different from the pretty similar blood–cerebrospinal-fluid barrier, which is a role of the choroidal cells of the choroid plexus, and from the blood–retinal barrier, which can be believed to be a part of the entire dominion of such barriers. Numerous regions of the human brain are not on the brain side of the blood–brain barrier. These comprise circumventricular organs. Example include: the top of the third and fourth ventricles; capillaries in pineal gland on the roof of diencephalon and pineal gland. The pineal gland secretes the hormone melatonin "directly into the systemic circulation". Therefore, melatonin is not affected by the blood–brain barrier. The blood–brain barrier works very efficiently...
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...InfectionArthritisDown-Syndrome | Swine FluCancerAmmoniaChicken poxExima | * 3 disease in London in the 1800: Malaria, Cholera, Typhus * Poor Sanitation, Street where dirty (unclean water and washing) * Closer you live to the pump the more houses were affected. * They catch the cholera by contact with other people. * Stopped the pump so no more water could come out. * To get rid of diseases improve the houses, improve sewers. * They are popular in some countries because they have no money to improve sation. . Fat * You need fat to give you energy. * Saturated and unsaturated. * Blood cholesterol can increase and risk the chance of heart disease. * Saturated: milk, butter, cheese. * Avoid fatty products: low fat products, semi skimmed milk, low fat cheese. * Have a lot of sugars in low fat. * Better fats: rapid oils. * Full fat lowers your blood cholesterol. * In omega 3 oily fish. * Hyperactive: cut across, won’t sleep, can’t concentrate, have tantrums. * Can take the colour and addictives out of the foods. * Fat removed from the whole milk. * Milk instead of orange juice: calcium, less sugar. Energy in foods. * Thermometer, clamp, test-tube, Bunsen burner, food. * Two measurements you should take temperature of water before and after. * Mass needs to be measured also. * You can over tighten the clamp, tube breaks in pieces and brake your skin open. Don’t over tighten the tube. * Energy(J/G)=temperature...
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...with the issues regarding impairment while driving. Alcohol is the only other legal substance that is measured for impairment, but the two substances are very different within the body. While blood alcohol levels can be measured by a breathalyzer or blood test, only a blood test can detect marijuana components. Also, there is not a confirmed scientific link between impairment and blood levels with marijuana like there is with alcohol. The issue with marijuana blood testing is that marijuana metabolites can stay in the blood much longer, even after the effects have dissipated. Proposition 205 stated that it was not illegal to drive with these metabolites or THC in the blood system, only to drive impaired. Field sobriety tests can be utilized, but the exact levels of metabolites and impairment are not yet determined in...
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...‘Biology is the study of life and living things (organisms), and is an enormous, rapidly developing subject involving many allied disciplines such as chemistry, physics, mathematics, geology and psychology’ (Roberts et al, 2000, p.1). ‘Psychology is a science in which behavioural and other evidence (including individuals’ reports of their thoughts and feelings) is used to understand the internal processes leading people (and members of other species) to behave as they do’ (Eysenk, 2009, p.36). ‘Sociology provides a critical and systematic understanding of the processes which structures the society in which we live’ (University of Surrey 2009). The above quotations shortly define biology, psychology and sociology as three individual topics, which will be discussed throughout the whole assignment in order to gain an understanding of the relation of their individual influences to the outcome of my chosen patient’s current health status, a cerebrovascular accident (stroke). Rana and Upton (2009) were the first to research these three factors individually, relating them to poor health and well-being. Roberts’ (2000) definition above describes the certain issues explored within biology today; however, psychological and sociological issues can influence the biological status of the human body. Despite sociology influencing ones behaviour, it is also based around the effect it has upon groups and external events. Sociology does not only target the individual involved, but the way the...
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...Unit 1 Case Study F.C. is a 54-year-old man with a history of chronic heavy alcohol use. He has frequent bouts of gastrointestinal bleeding for which he has been hospitalized on six separate occasions over the years. He continues to drink and exhibits most of the common manifestations of alcoholic cirrhosis. He was recently hit by a car and was hospitalized for a broken leg. He appeared to be under the influence of alcohol at the time of the accident and had a blood alcohol level of 0.18. F.C.’s family reports that his mental functioning has deteriorated significantly over the past few months. Discussion Questions 1. What are the common manifestations of alcoholic cirrhosis? Which of these are secondary to hepatocellular failure? Which are secondary to portal hypertension? - The effects of alcohol depend on the level of alcohol consumption and how long the person has been drinking alcohol as well. Common manifestations of alcoholic cirrhosis vary however jaundice, vomiting, fever, nausea and portal hypertension are the most common symptoms. Jaundice is a symptom that is secondary to hepatocellular failure. When jaundice occurs, the bilirubin metabolic cycle is impaired due to the breakdown of cells within the liver tissue. The destruction of these cells enables bilirubin to decrease and not be inherited correctly. Portal hypertension is caused cirrhosis. Vascular resistance and blood flow play an essential role in the development. The complication arises as a massive...
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...Section A: Describe the cause and effect of alcohol toxicity on the structure and function of the liver. The liver is the largest internal organ and the largest gland in the body. Glands produce hormones that other parts of the body use to function. The liver is divided into two major sections; the right side is bigger while the left is smaller. Sixty percent of the liver is made up of liver cells called hepatocytes; these cells take in nutrients, destroy and remove harmful substances from the blood. The liver is important for survival, it has many functions, and according to the British Liver Trust (2007) it has over five hundred functions. Here is a brief summary of some of the functions of the liver. It processes digested food from the intestine, it controls the levels of fats, amino acids and glucose in the blood, fights infections, produces bile, breaks down food and turns it into energy as well as produces quick energy. It produces, breaks down and controls most hormones in the body, it also makes enzymes and proteins, and these are responsible for most chemical reactions in the body, British Liver Trust (2007). There are many conditions that can affect the functions of the liver. One of these is alcohol abuse. Alcohol is developed from the fermentation of sugar by yeast. It is a drug. The liver cannot store alcohol so it breaks down the alcohol into water, carbon dioxide and fat, then processes about ninety percent of the alcohol and removes around five percent from the...
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...Alcohol Withdrawl Alcohol with withdrawl can be a lifethreating illness that effects people whom drink heavily and decide to abruptly stop or significatnly reduce their consumption. Symptoms of minor alcohol withdrawl can include: Tremors, nausea, vomiting, sweating, shaking hands, headache and insomnia and can occure as little as six to twelve hours after a person stops drinking. During the following twelve to twenty-four hours a person can experience visual, auditory and halluciations, often referred to as "Alcoholic Hallucinations." However, these hallucinations can occur as little as two hours after drinking has ceased and a patient has a higher risk of experiencing a seizure if prior detoxing attempts have been made. Delirium tremens...
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...stomach first. Once in the brain drugs affect chemicals called neurotransmitters. These are the chemicals that control the flow of information within the brain between the neurons or brain cells, forming a synapse. Neurotransmitters also alter people's moods and feelings. Different drugs can affect different neurotransmitters. How do the drugs affect the heart? Once drugs are taken and enter the bloodstream the heart pumps blood containing the drug to the brain where it will affect how people feel. Drugs can also have an affect on the heart directly and exacerbate heart disease. Heavy drinking of alcohol, for example, can weaken the heart's ability to pump blood and lead to heart failure although some studies have suggested that moderate consumption may be better for the heart than not drinking alcohol at all. Taking regular and high doses of stimulant drugs like amphetamine, cocaine/ crack, ecstasy, anabolic steroids and even possibly caffeine may increase the risk of heart attacks, especially for people who already have heart problems or high blood pressure. How do the drugs affect the lungs? Because the lungs provide the oxygen directly and very effectively to the body, anything that is inhaled...
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...Homicide by Intoxicated use of vehicle or firearm Wis.Stat.Ann §940.09 Issue: Is the taking of a blood sample a violation of Defendants fourth amendment rights? Rule: Wis.Stat.Ann §343.305(3) (West 2012) states (a) upon arrest of a person for violation of s. 346.63(1), (2m) or (5) or a local ordinance in conformity therewith, or for a violation of s. 346.63(2) or (6) or 940.25, or s. 940.09 where the offense involved the use of a vehicle, or upon arrest subsequent to a refusal under par. (ar), a law enforcement officer may request the person to provide one or more samples of his or her breath, blood or urine for the purpose specified under sub. (2). Compliance with a request for one type of sample does not bar a subsequent request for a different type of sample. S. 343.305 (3)(2) states if a person is the operator of a vehicle that is involved in an accident that causes the death of or great bodily harm to any person and the law enforcement officer has reason to believe that the person violated any state or local traffic law, the officer may request the operator to provide one or more samples of his or her breath, blood, or urine for the purpose specified under sub. (2). Compliance with a request for one type of sample does not bar a subsequent request for a different type of sample. A person who is unconscious or otherwise not capable of withdrawing consent is presumed not to have withdrawn consent under this subdivision and one or more samples specified in par. (a) or...
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...drank alcohol while pregnant. Of those, 66% reported drinking in the first trimester and 54% reported drinking in the third trimester. 1 in every 750 infants is born with symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, while another 40,000 are born with Fetal Alcohol Effects also known as FAE. The research regarding FAS dates back to 1973. From 1973-1978, 245 cases of FAS were reported. The average cost to take care of a child with FAS is around 800,000. (Armstrong, Elizabeth M. Conceiving Risk, Bearing Responsibility: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and the Diagnosis of Moral Disorder: Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University, 2003.) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a mental and physical defect that a fetus can suffer in association with high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. FAS was named in the United States in 1973 by two dysmorpholosgists, Dr. Kenneth Lyons Jones and Dr. David Weyhe Smith of the University of Washington Medical School in Seattle. The article identifying FAS was first published in 1973, in the British Medical Journal, The Lancet. The two doctors helped to define the morphological defects and developmental delays that can affect children born to alcoholic mothers. These observations include prenatal and postnatal deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and damage to the brain that can cause learning, behavior, and cognitive abnormalities. FAS occurs when a pregnant mother consumes alcohol. The alcohol enters the blood stream and crosses the placenta. The alcohol could...
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...Fetal alcohol syndrome Over the years there have been many myths about fetal alcohol syndrome. A lot of people don’t believe that drinking alcohol will cause any harm to the baby. I think this is wrong. I have seen the effects first hand of what happens when you drink alcohol during pregnancy. My cousin was born with mental retardation due to her mother drinking during pregnancy. Her mom just like many people didn’t think doing this would do any harm, in fact her doctor said that it was okay to do so. Fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition that results from alcohol exposure during pregnancy. There are several problems that are caused by fetal alcohol syndrome; these are physical deformities, mental retardation, learning disorders, vision difficulties and behavioral problems. These problems vary from child to child, but defects caused by fetal alcohol syndrome are irreversible. No amount of alcohol is safe to consume during pregnancy, if you chose to drink you put your baby at risk. Fetal alcohol syndrome is not a single birth defect; it’s a cluster of related problems. Fetal alcohol syndrome is a common yet preventable cause of mental retardation. The severity of this varies with each child. There are several signs of Fetal alcohol syndrome that include: • Distinctive facial features, including small eyes, an exceptionally thin upper lip, a short, upturned nose, and a smooth skin surface between the nose and upper lip. • Deformities of the joints, limbs and fingers...
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...BAC because this is a potentially fatal level of alcohol in the blood (Be Responsible About Drinking, 2013). Some common manifestations of alcoholic cirrhosis that F.C. may experience include weight loss, loss of appetite/energy, edema/ascites, mood changes, and jaundice (WebMD 2012). Of these symptoms, ascites and jaundice are both secondary from hepatocellular failure, and weight loss and ascites are also secondary symptoms to portal hypertension (Copstead, pgs. 756-759). Unfortunately, with cirrhosis and portal hypertension also typically comes gastric or esophageal varices. These varices are pathways that open up when portal pressure becomes too high in order to redirect the blood flow back to the heart. When these pressures rise and these varices open up, it leaves the lining beneath the mucosa very susceptible for rupture, leading to major bleeding. Since F.C. has already had several incidents with GI bleeding, he is at an even greater risk for re-bleeding (Copstead, pg. 761). F.C’s mental deterioration is most likely caused by a disorder called hepatic encephalopathy. When cirrhosis occurs, the parts of the liver cannot function the way that they are supposed to. Since once of the major jobs of the liver is to clean out, or “detox” the blood, this function can be inhibited or even stopped if cirrhosis becomes too severe. When the blood is not being filtered correctly, these toxins can continue through the blood stream and begin to effect the brain, leading to mental...
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...compulsive drinking of alcohol leading to psychological and physical dependence or addiction.” a person who suffers from alcoholism is addicted to the effects of alcohol (Webster 1). He or she has a physical or mental desire to consume alcohol past their physical ability to control themselves. Alcohol is the second most commonly abused substance according to the NID (Pdf 1). This paper will present facts on, biological effects of alcohol on the body, the addiction to alcohol, genetic loading, and the deaths that are caused in some way by alcohol. Alcohol affects people differently. According to the CDC, the reasons are: Age, gender, race/ethnicity, physical condition, amount of food consumed before drinking, how quickly the alcohol was consumed, the use of other drugs or prescription medications, and family history (CDC 1). When alcohol is consumed, it bypasses the digestive system and goes directly to the blood stream; about twenty percent of the alcohol is absorbed into the blood stream via the stomach, and the other eighty percent by the small intestine (Dunlap 1). Alcohol acts as a sedative, but is perceived as a stimulant. The reason for this is that alcohol causes people to speak more freely; it impairs judgment and physical ability. Alcohol dilutes itself in water found in the body, this is one of the ways alcohol effects people differently, because there is more water in muscle tissue than in fat tissue, an athletic person will react differently to the alcohol than an over weight...
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...Syner-Tech & Phyto-Alkatech contains the highest level of anti-oxidants with approximately 22,000 phyto-nutrients in one product. PHYTO-ALKATECH A powerful complex of natural Alkaline ingredients designed to enhance the Alkalinity of this formulation and also protect and neutralize possible acid damage when it reaches the stomach. Thus preserving the purity and potency of this breakthrough NATURA-CEUTICALS. SYNER-TECH Embodies the Science & Technology of the Combined Complimentary and Synergistic Effects of Nature’s Most Powerful elements and Phyto-chemical Nutrients. It has been proven over the years that many anti-oxidants are better taken with other anti-oxidants providing a more enhanced effects as compared to taking them alone. Each Capsule Contains: + 29 Vitamins & Minerals (Vitamin A, C, D, E, K, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folic Acid, Calcium, Iron, Iodine, Magnesium, Zinc, Selenium, etc.) + 12 Whole Fruit Juice Blend (Cranberry, Blueberry, Strawberry, Blackberry, Bilberry, Cherry, Plum, Apricot, Papaya,Orange, Grape, Pineapple) + 12 Whole Vegetables Juice Blend (Parsley, Kale, Spinach, Wheat Grass, Brussels, Asparagus, Garlic, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Beet, Carrot, Cabbage) + 14 Green Foods / Spirulina Blend (Spirulina, Alfalfa, Barley grass, Wheat grass, Lemon grass, Dandelion, Melissa, Nettle, Blessed Thistle, Plantain, Cilantro, Blue and Green Algae, Chlorella) + 12 Organic Mushrooms (Cordyceps, Reishi, Shitake, Hiratake...
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