...MINISTRY OF THE TRANSPORT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FEDERAL STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION “ULYANOVSK HIGHER CIVIL AVIATION SCHOOL” DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES PAPER The role of English in the modern world Cadet Kotelnikov Oleg Group ATO-14-2 Supervised by Bershattskaya S.A. Ulyanovsk 2015 CONTENTS Introduction 3 1. Baseball 4 2. Basketball 5 3. American football 6 4. Ice hockey 7 5. Soccer 8 6. Other popular sports 10 Conclusion 11 References 11 INTRODUCTION Americans pay much attention to physical fitness. Many sports and sporting activities are popular in the USA. People participate in swimming, skating, squash and badminton, tennis, marathons, track-and-field, bowing, archery, skiing, skating etc. But the five major American sports are hockey, volleyball, baseball, football and basketball. Basketball and volleyball have been invented in America. There is a large choice of sports in America. This can be explained by the size and variety of the country. Another reason of the popularity of sports is the people’s love of competition of any kind. One more reason is that Americans use sports activities for teaching socials values, such as teamwork and sportsmanship. All this explains why Americans...
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...A Comparative Analysis of Nike and Adidas Commercials * A Multimodal Approach to Building Brand Strategies Mads Nørgaard Hansen Dennis Gade Pedersen BA Marketing and Management Communication Supervisor: Carmen Daniela Maier Department of Language and Business Communication Aarhus School of Business Aarhus University 2010 A Comparative Analysis of Nike and Adidas Commercials * A Multimodal Approach to Building Brand Strategies Mads Nørgaard Hansen and Dennis Gade Pedersen Abstract Heavy competition in the sports industry has caused organisations like Nike and Adidas to focus on more than just selling sportswear- and equipment. Organisations need to differentiate themselves and focus on both product attributes and brand values when creating brand strategies. Therefore, we have found it interesting to see how Nike and Adidas communicate their branding strategy differently and have set up the following hypothesis and questions: In Nike and Adidas commercials the organisations make use of complex multimodal choices in order to communicate their branding strategies. 1. Which multimodal choices do Nike and Adidas employ in order to communicate their branding strategies? 2. Which personality traits are similar and different in Nike and Adidas product and value commercials? Due to the complexity of our hypothesis, we will employ three frameworks: social semiotics, film theory, and branding. These frameworks will help us to analyse and...
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...A fuzzy logic approach to urban land-use mapping Henning Sten Hansen National Environmental Research Institute, Ministry of Environment & Energy Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark Phone : +45 46 30 18 07 Fax : +45 46 30 12 12 HSH@DMU.DK Abstract. The growth of cities represents huge problems for modern societies. Monitoring, analysing and modelling the urban dynamic call for detailed mapping of urban land-use. Traditionally, urban land-use mapping is based on orthophotos and satellite images, but deriving land-use from remote-sensing alone is not satisfactory. The Danish Building & Dwelling Register is a database containing detailed information like year of construction, use, area etc. Therefore, this database provides a useful foundation for urban land-use mapping. To be able to track urban land-use changes over time, we have chosen square cells (100m x 100m) as basic mapping units. Generally, land cover and land-use mapping are based on crisp classification, but in the current project we have applied a fuzzy modeling approach to land-use mapping. Fuzzy classification offers a better choice in urban land-use mapping, because it can indicate the primary, secondary etc. land-use simultaneously. This will offer more meaningful information for planners and a more detailed understanding of the land-use patterns. Based on these principles, a nation wide urban land-use database for the year 1997 is established. 1 Introduction Metropolitan areas all over the...
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...character examples of the personal functions of sport such as feelings of belongingness and social identification, the socially acceptable outlet for hostile and aggressive feelings, and the role sport plays as a cultural element to bring meaning to life. Additional attention will be given to aspects of extra-sport character behavior and a determination of whether or not such behaviors support sport stereotypes and/or deviant characteristics. Through internet research, library study, and the use of periodical articles found in the ProQuest databases, I intend to apply the functionalist model of society to show that the fictional football team “The Miami Sharks” highlighted in the movie supports stability and equilibrium in the community of Miami based on common interests and convictions. The world of professional sports, especially professional football, is a world that most will only see on the television or through movies. “Any Given Sunday,” by Oliver Stone, is one such movie. It highlights a portion of a season for the fictional team The Miami Sharks with the interpersonal struggles on and off the field experienced by the characters related to the team. This paper explores the movie “Any Given Sunday” and attempts to discuss the movie in detail by focusing on the socially acceptable outlet for hostile and aggressive feelings, masculinity and gender roles, religion in sport, race in sports, character examples of the personal functions of sport such as feelings of belongingness...
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...Downloaded by [University of Ottawa] at 14:44 24 March 2014 Football, Violence and Social Identity Downloaded by [University of Ottawa] at 14:44 24 March 2014 As the 1994 World Cup competition in the USA again demonstrates, football is one of the most popular participant and spectator sports around the world. The fortunes of teams can have great significance for the communities they represent at both local and national levels. Social and cultural analysts have only recently started to investigate the wide variety of customs, values and social patterns that surround the game in different societies. This volume contributes to the widening focus of research by presenting new data and explanations of football-related violence. Episodes of violence associated with football are relatively infrequent, but the occasional violent events which attract great media attention have their roots in the rituals of the matches, the loyalties and identities of players and crowds and the wider cultures and politics of the host societies. This book provides a unique cross-national examination of patterns of order and conflict surrounding football matches from this perspective with examples provided by expert contributors from Scotland, England, Norway, the Netherlands, Italy, Argentina and the USA. This book will be of interest to an international readership of informed soccer and sport enthusiasts and students of sport, leisure, society, deviance and culture. Richard Giulianotti, Norman...
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...Learning Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: 1. The challenge of crossing cultural boundaries 2. The meaning of culture: foundation concepts 3. Why culture matters in international business 4. National, professional, and corporate culture 5. Interpretations of culture 6. Key dimensions of culture 7. Language as a key dimension of culture 8. Culture and contemporary issues 9. Managerial guidelines for crosscultural success > American Football . . . in Europe? There are few things more representative of U.S. culture than American football. It is an extravaganza, complete with exciting halftime shows and peppy cheerleaders. The game exemplifies national pride. The national anthem is played, flags are unfurled, and uniformed players charge up and down the field like an army in the throes of often violent conflict. The teams’ huddles divide the game into small planning sessions for the next play. In the United States, the National Football League (NFL) oversees the sport and, like any successful business, wants to score in new markets. The NFL first tackled Europe in 1991, with plans to establish American football there. After years of failed attempts, NFL Europe emerged as six teams, five of which were based in Germany (such as the Berlin Thunder, the Cologne Centurions, and the Hamburg Sea Devils). Earlier teams established in Spain had failed. Why did American football triumph in Germany but fail in Spain? An excellent metaphor for Spanish culture is the bullfight...
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...Target Segmentation 1.1 Introduction Red Bull is a non-alcoholic energy drink and therefore falls under the category of soft drinks. Soft drinks can be divided into sub-segments and one of these segments is energy and sports drinks. These can be divided again into three different categories: • Glucose energy drinks • Sport drinks • High energy stimulation drinks • Since 1996 the market of soft drinks has grown by 5% and by 1997 it reached a total amount of £6.896bn, which is an equivalent of 10bn liters. Moreover we can say that the segment of energy and sports drinks represents 2.6% or £177m of the overall soft drink market. Since 1992 an increase of 64% in volume sales can be found within this very young market of energy and sports drinks. • The main differences of the three above mentioned sub-segments of soft drinks are as followed 1.2 Glucose Energy Drinks These drinks provide physical energy through glucose or a mixture of sugars. Originated from the Lucozade brand. These drinks do not contain any other substantial ingredients such as Lucozade Energy, Lucozade NRJ or Red Card. In 1927 they were originally positioned as a convalescence drink. 1.3 Sports drinks Also known as isotonic drinks, replaces body fluids after sport activities or exercises. Sport drinks help to re-energize and re-hydrate the body and can be taken before, during or after exercises. That’s because you should drink it in great amounts and fairly quickly, they are usually...
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... Introduction The challenge of crossing cultural boundaries The meaning of culture: foundation concepts Why culture matters in international business National, professional, and corporate culture Interpretations of culture Key dimensions of culture Language as a key dimension of culture Culture and contemporary issues Managerial guidelines for cross-cultural success Page 1 to 1 Page 1 to 5 Page 5 to 6 Page 7 to 9 Page 9 to 9 Page 10 to 14 Page 14 to 17 Page 17 to 19 Page 19 to 21 Page 21 to 23 1 Introduction There are few things more representative of U.S. culture than American football. It is an extravaganza, complete with exciting halftime shows and peppy cheerleaders. The game exemplifies national pride. The national anthem is played, flags are unfurled, and uniformed players charge up and down the field like an army in the throes of often violent conflict. The teams’ huddles divide the game into small planning sessions for the next play. In the United States, the National Football League (NFL) oversees the sport and, like any successful business, wants to score in new markets. The NFL first tackled Europe in 1991, with plans to establish American football there. After years of failed attempts, NFL Europe emerged as six teams, five of which were based in Germany (such as the Berlin Thunder, the Cologne Centurions, and the Hamburg Sea Devils). Earlier teams established in Spain had failed. Why did American football triumph in Germany but fail in Spain? An excellent...
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...SALES, DEMOGRAPHIC AND USAGE DATA 2013 ESSENTIAL FACTS ABOUT THE COMPUTER AND VIDEO GAME INDUSTRY [ iii ] “No other sector has experienced the same explosive growth as the computer and video game industry. Our creative publishers and talented workforce continue to accelerate advancement and pioneer new products that push boundaries and unlock entertainment experiences. These innovations in turn drive enhanced player connectivity, fuel demand for products, and encourage the progression of an expanding and diversified consumer base.” —Michael D. Gallagher, president and CEO, Entertainment Software Association [ iv ] WHAT’S INSIDE WHO IS PLAYING 2 3 Who Plays Computer and Video Games? Who Buys Computer and Video Games? AT PLAY 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 What Type of Online and Mobile Games are Played Most Often? How Many Gamers Play on a Phone or Wireless Device? How Many Gamers Play Games With Others? How Long Have Gamers Been Playing? Parents and Games Do Parents Control What Their Kids Play? Top Reasons Parents Play With Their Kids THE BOTTOM LINE 8 9 10 11 What Were the Top-Selling Game Genres in 2012? What Were the Top-Selling Games of 2012? Sales Information: 2002–2012 Total Consumer Spend on Games Industry 2012 WHO WE ARE 12 12 About ESA ESA Members OTHER RESOURCES 13 ESA Partners The 2013 Essential Facts About the Computer and Video Game Industry was released by the Entertainment Software Association (ESA) at E3 2013. The annual research was conducted...
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...BI Norwegian School of Management – Thesis Master of Science in Innovation and Entrepreneurship GRA 19002 Convergence, Complementarity or Disruption: Enterprise Search and Business Intelligence By Vedrana Jez Hand-in date: 01.09.2009 Supervisor: Dr. Espen Andersen This thesis is a part of the MSc programme at BI Norwegian School of Management. The school takes no responsibility for the methods used, results found and conclusions drawn. Acknowledgments I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Espen Andersen, for his support and guidance throughout the project. I am also grateful to all participants in this research for their contribution and time. Finally, I thank my family for their understanding, encouragement and patience. Thesis 01.09.2009 Content Content ..................................................................................................................... i Abstract .................................................................................................................. iv Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 Research Methodology ........................................................................................... 2 Research Question .........................................................................................................2 Method Used ..................................................................
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...© 2009 Ethics in a Nutshell By Matt Deaton, M.A. MattDeaton.net Ethics is the systematic reason-guided study of what we morally ought to do. It’s one of the four main sub-disciplines of philosophy, the other three being logic, metaphysics and epistemology. While most people defer to religion or society or their gut when deciding moral dilemmas, ethicists think through them for themselves. Whether or not we fully adopt their approach, we can all learn a thing or two from ethicists about asking the right questions, paying attention to the right factors, and holding a consistent set of moral beliefs. Oughts Based On Reason The difference between ethics and other ways of deciding what one ought to do is that ethics entails the rigorous use of reason. What we ought to do is one of those slippery questions to which conclusive answers are hard to pin down. All the traditional authorities have their flaws. Because religions ultimately appeal to faith, not evidence, and different religions proscribe different moral mandates, the objective thinker has no principled way to decide which to follow. Citing the Koran won’t convince a Christian, citing the Bible won’t convince a Muslim, and citing either won’t convince an atheist. Therefore, since ethicists want to appeal to reasons anyone can accept—regardless of their religious position—they can’t defer to holy books. Also, because societies disagree what morality entails, each just as confident in their conflicting...
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...globalization has led to the collaboration among manufacturers of products, suppliers of materials and service providers situated across the globe. The markets are no more restricted to a specific region or a country. The boundaries and distances between the markets have vanished. Saturation in developed markets has led to exploration and exploitation of emerging markets. The expansion of geographic footprint is not happening only to meet business needs, but this is happening also to promote social causes (Education, Health Awareness) and to mitigate global risks (Global Warming). Therefore, for the purpose of effective functioning, there is a strong need to learn about Cross-Cultural Communication. It is true that any usage of an inappropriate word, an impression or a gesture can lead to serious business or social implications. These cross-cultural communication blunders can then lead to lost customers, failed relationships and lost opportunities. To become an effective communicator worldwide, one should anticipate and identify cultural differences, draw clues and cues from non-verbal communication styles and be respectful to other cultures. To learn other’s cultures, one can extract information from experiences of friends, relatives and professional...
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...Reviewer for Social Science 1 A. Introduction Behavior * manner of conducting one’s self * action and response to stimulation * response to the environment Behavioral Sciences * deals with human action and seeks to generalize human behavior in society Psychology * Science of mind and behavior * Behavior and mental process are interwoven Sociology * Science of the society, social institutions and social relationships * Study of human society and social interaction Anthropology * Study of human beings and their ancestors through time and space and in relation to physical character, society and culture. * Cultural anthropologist [culture] * Linguistic anthropologist [language] * Archeologist [material artifacts] * Biological anthropologist [origin and evolution] Science * System of knowledge covering general truths [scientific method] Scientific Method * Procedure for the systematic pursuit of knowledge Social Research * Done to gain a body of information which helps us understand behavior and society Quantitative Research * Numeric data and precise statistical analysis Qualitative Research * Nonnumeric information is used to describe * Done as they happen Experiments * Research situation designed to elicit some sort of behavior Field Research * Observe events as they occur * Non-participant observation [without interaction] * Participant observation [with interaction] Surveys ...
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...International Security Lecture 1 March 30th, 2015 The politics of security knowledge What is international security? We could start thinking about the security council of the UN But also about the invasion of Afghanistan (chapter 7 UN in order to secure the international security) We can also think about security in terms of the invasion of Iraq in 2003. This was a unilateral act of war, but sure it can also mean other things We can think of the national security agency, the agency in charge of spying all the signals and communications to a certain extent. What’s interesting about the NSA, it is seen as a threat to the security of the privacy. Lately, with the reports of the UN development programme, we start talking about HUMAN security (not military security, but rather the security of individuals, having a livelihood that’s acceptable). Whether security is international or not, it can be a rather confusing word The protection of values we hold dear. We search for it, we pursue it, we achieve it, we deny it to others. * what is to be secured? Is it the security of states? Or individuals? * What is the actual threat that we’re facing? Primarily to be dealing with military threats, or are there other types of threats we are facing. Essentially contested concept A concept that ‘inevitably’ involves endless disputes about their proper uses on the part of their users – Walter Gallie There can be ambiguity (one persons freedom-fighter is the other’s...
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...Decision Support Systems The material has been prepared by considering the prescribed textbook, internet and assignments given by the students (BBM 2011-2014 Batch). The material can be further improved by adding more insightful examples and explanation. The material may not be exhaustive and should be taken as a guide to help in better learning of the subject. ALL THE BEST Unit – I: 1. What is DSS? Explain the Characteristics, Benefits and Limitations of DSS. Definition: A decision support systems is a system under the control of one or more decision makers that assist in the activity of decision making by providing set of tools intended to impose structure to the decision making situation and improve the effectiveness of the decision outcome. Characteristics of DSS: * Employed in semistructured or unstructured decision contexts * Intended to support decision makers rather than replace them * Supports all phases of the decision-making process * Focuses on effectiveness of the process rather than efficiency * Is under control of the DSS user * Uses underlying data and models * Facilitates learning on the part of the decision maker * Is interactive and user-friendly * Is generally developed using an evolutionary, iterative process * Can support multiple independent or interdependent decisions * Supports individual, group or team-based decision-making Situation of Certainty Structured Unstructured Situation...
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