...Research topic: Factors impact on the development of franchising in Vietnam. I. Introduction: 1. Problem statement: Nowadays, franchising is very popular all over the world. In Vietnam, it is not a strange type of business. Observers note that Vietnam currently has major advantages for franchise development. First, the economy has been growing steadily at 7-8 percent in recent years. Second, a young population of 83 million people is seeing living standards rise as disposable income increases. Franchising begins in Vietnam in 2000 with Trung Nguyen coffee as a pioneer, then gradually becomes popular since 2003 until now. Viet Nam now has over 70 separate franchising operations, marketing both local and overseas brands. Some famous franchisors in Vietnam after Trung Nguyen Coffee are Pho 24, which has outlets in Singapore, China and Japan; Kinh Do Bakery, owned by the large bakery; and Bon Mua (Four Seasons) Food and Drink restaurants, owned by leading Vietnamese retailer Hapro. Franchising brings benefits for both franchisee and franchisor. For franchisors, it is a good opportunity to spread their brand name in Vietnam market and overseas markets, increase turnover, save management expenses, protect and broadcast their brand name. For franchisees, they can reduce risks in business because everything is established by franchisor, franchisees will be received training, development and impart management skills, how to decorate the system as per the franchisor’s...
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...Megan Woodrow December 10, 2012 Human Symbolic Activity Final Paper Gender and Communication: Disney Princesses Evolve Over Time Women have been around since the beginning of time, and have been stereotyped towards having “weaker natures and bodies” and “silly and emotional desires”. The women in the classic Walt Disney films are no exception to this criticism. But there is a saving grace. As women in real life have changed over time, our counterparts in fantasy film animation have also changed. The classic Walt Disney Princesses have therefore evolved through, and with, the media. After thinking back on what made Disney such a huge hit and major part of all of our lives, one answer came to mind: The Disney Princesses. Walt Disney and the Disney Company started out with young and beautiful Snow White, and then eventually moving onto the long line of famous Disney heroines such as Cinderella, Aurora, Belle, Ariel, Jasmine, Mulan, and many more to recent date. There have been so many princesses (and other strong heroines) added to the Disney list, but has anyone ever thought of how these princesses have changed over time, or how they have evolved due to how women in real life are represented in the media today? Before I go into any more on the Princesses themselves, I first need to explain what events and stereotypes have made the basis for the Disney Princesses of the past, and even the for the women of the past, due to how the media and others have portrayed...
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...Journal of Retailing 87 (3, 2011) 253–268 Franchising Research Frontiers for the Twenty-First Century Rajiv P. Dant a,∗ , Marko Grünhagen b,1 , Josef Windsperger c,2 a Michael F. Price College of Business, The University of Oklahoma, 307 West Brooks, Norman, OK 73019-4001, USA b Eastern Illinois University, School of Business, 4002 Lumpkin Hall, Charleston, IL 61920, USA c Center of Business Studies, University of Vienna, Brünner Strasse 72, A-1210 Vienna, Austria Abstract About four decades ago, during the formative years of the franchising industry, visionary authors like Oxenfeldt and Kelly (1968) and Ozanne and Hunt (1971) proposed a rich slate of research agenda which still continues to guide some of the contemporary scholarship in the franchising domain. This article (1) explicates some of the unique features of the franchising context that presumably inspired these pioneering authors, (2) discusses four established elements of ontology unique to franchising and isolates the remaining research gaps therein, (3) specifies a new slate of more contemporary research agenda for future scholarship, and (4) concludes with a brief discussion of the ten articles featured in this Special Issue of the Journal of Retailing dedicated to the theme of Franchising and Retailing. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of New York University. Keywords: Franchising Research Agenda; Research Frontiers; Mixed Motives Context; Asymmetrical Power Setting; Twenty-First Century ...
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...The first would be to make sure they are pricing their seats accurate to the market they are selling in. It is important to conduct and gather as much market research as they can prior to releasing specific prices. A few teams have later had to go in and adjust or lower their pricing maps. This could be negative for the team, press, and accounts they have already sold to. It shows the public that the team is struggling to sell the licenses and that they are not in large demand. This could cause people to put off purchasing the...
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...ideas for future development and implementations. Research has found that indie publishers and authors are taking up a huge portion of the market and therefore more beneficial for these professionals to create digital content and distribute it independently. As publishers are not educated in IT and data Analytics, these skill sets will need to be outsourced or taught in order for self-publishers to maximise their revenue and consumer retention. Mobile applications are also proving to be the new way to read digital content by enhancing the consumer’s experience, thus adding value to the product. The growth of virtual spaces that allow people to network and collaborate on creative projects are also increasing and globalisation has shaken the industry and provide huge opportunities to bring distribution closer to the consumer and pursue a much larger audience. Therefore, this analysis indicates there could be future development for a platform at which authors, publishers, and developers can come together to collaborate and create book apps (which have already shown massive popularity in self-help content) and virtual print-on-demand bookstands that will allow self-publishers to print their work globally, to a much larger audience. Table of Contents 1.0 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 3 1.1 FIFTY SHADES OF INDIE AUTHORS (CONTENT & CONVERGENCE) 1.2 THE HITCHHIKERS GUIDE TO “COMMONS CREATION” (CONDUIT & CONVERGENCE) 1.3 BRAVE...
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...Introduction Understanding of the economic growth process and it connection to institutions is highly important for explaining why certain countries are less developed than the other ones. Economic growth is defined as “An increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods and services, compared from one period of time to another. Economic growth can be measured in nominal terms, which include inflation, or in real terms, which are adjusted for inflation. For comparing one country's economic growth to another, GDP or GNP per capita should be used as these take into account population differences between countries. (http://www.investopedia.com/). The role of institutions in economic growth was first proposed in writings of Adam Smith in 1776. Later in 1993 Douglass North received a Nobel Prize for his work on connection between institutions and economic growth. By studying history, analyzing data and statistics we can see that high quality institution have positive effect on economic growth and therefore on income in a long and short runs. In order to prove it we are going to find out what economic institutions are, why they are matte, what are the reasons behind different institutions in different countries and finally support it with historical facts. 1 Links between economic growth and economic institution What are institutions? The term “Economic institutions” can be defined in mach different way and have multiple meanings. On the one hand North (1990, p...
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...Analyst information intermediation – private and public information –and the central role of knowledge and social forces in economic processes in the ‘market for information’. John Holland, University of Glasgow, Jo Danbolt, University of Edinburgh, Lei Chen, University of Keele. John Holland, University of Glasgow, The Adam Smith Business School, University of Glasgow, Main Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland Abstract: This paper develops a model of the information intermediation role of analysts in the ‘market for information’ (MFI). It illustrates how the same type of ‘soft’ intangibles information changes as it progresses through analyst information intermediation processes. The latter concern: company disclosure; analyst acquisition and analysis of company information; analyst reporting processes; and market impacts. The common information concerns ‘soft’ or qualitative information about the company intellectual capital (IC) or intangibles in the company business model. Banks and bank analysts are used as examples. Knowledge, social and economic factors in the wider ‘market for information’ (MFI) are shown to be major influences on ‘soft information’ and how it changes in analyst information intermediation processes. Negative knowledge and social factors play a role in weakening and eventually destabilising economic processes in analyst and the MFI. They were important factors in creating knowledge and information problems in analysts and the MFI, both ongoing...
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...INTRODUCTION The reason how McDonalds Restaurant became a well-established brand around the world began with the series of strategies they used throughout the years in building its success. From the beginning there was only a local food stand more like the food trucks on the streets now to becoming the multi-billion corporation with over a billion employees. The way McDonalds is able to penetrate through different markets around the world is very amazing because they may be the only fast food brand that could be found around the world with the possibility of finding one just at a corner near you. The brand is well known around the world yet they may only know the name and that it is a fast food restaurant. Yet different countries or cities may have discrepancies in menu engineering where the company accommodates to the food preferences of the people or the culture of the regions. As many may know, operating a hospitality establishment requires much effort to maintain and operate while the failure rate of restaurants are statistically calculated to be quite high. As discussed by the “RestaurantOwners” website, “Within a 90 percent confidence interval, CRG found that the first year failure rate for startups averaged 23 percent over four years in that market. Based on the study, you could say that there is a one in four chance a new startup will fail.” Nonetheless all company may have there ups and downs while the McDonalds Restaurants brand reign in the fast food market for...
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...the purpose of classroom discussion. It is not to be duplicated or cited in any form without the copyright holder’s express permission. For permission to reproduce or cite this case, contact Jeffrey S. Harrison (RCNcases@richmond.edu). In your message, state your name, affiliation and the intended use of the case. Permission for classroom use will be granted free of charge. Other cases are available at: http://robins.richmond.edu/centers/center-‐for-‐active-‐business-‐education/research/case-‐network.html November 2012 "Walt was never afraid to dream. That song from Pinocchio, 'When You Wish Upon a Star,' is the perfect summary of Walt's approach to life: dream big dreams, even hopelessly impossible dreams, because they really can come true. Sure, it takes work, focus and perseverance. But anything is possible. Walt proved it with the impossible things he accomplished."1 It is well documented that Walt Disney had big dreams and made several large gambles to propel his visions. From the creation of Steamboat Willie in 1928 to the...
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...be very excited about that, writes Lisa Schwarzbaum. As Catching Fire ignites on movie screens around the world, this is what we know about the 21st Century heroine called Katniss Everdeen: she is strong but also soft. She is brave but she has doubts. She is a phenomenal fictional creation, yet is real enough that moviegoers can draw inspiration from her values, her resourcefulness, and her very human inner conflicts. And she is played by Jennifer Lawrence, who appears not only to be handling her current duties as Hollywood’s finest model of well-adjusted millennial female stardom but doing so with charm. Everdeen and Lawrence: golden girls both. Personified in Lawrence’s lithe movements and cool, focused gaze, Katniss is a brave, resourceful and independent-minded fighter; but she is also a troubled and vulnerably guilt-ridden human being. Nina Jacobson, the producer of the Hunger Games film franchise, puts it this way: “She is a singular heroine in that the burden of survival weighs on her. She has a ton of survivor’s guilt. And she keeps surviving.” Girl on fire It is strange that behaving like a well-adjusted and responsible young woman counts as movie-star news – or that the popularity of a female lead character who is strong and feminine, brave even when scared, compassionate even when imperfect, and respectful even when breaking with tradition counts as feminist heroism. But it does. There is a reason we delight equally in seeing Katniss dressed up (those pretty gowns...
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...Nintendo Co., Ltd. (???????, Nintendo Kabushiki gaisha?) is a multinational corporation located in Kyoto, Japan. Founded on September 23, 1889[2] by Fusajiro Yamauchi, it produced handmade hanafuda cards.[6] By 1963, the company had tried several small niche businesses, such as a cab company and a love hotel.[7]}} Nintendo developed into a video game company, becoming what is arguably the most influential in the industry, and Japan's third most valuable listed company, with a market value of over US$85 billion.[8] Also, Nintendo of America is the majority owner of the Seattle Mariners Major League Baseball team.[9] The name Nintendo can be roughly translated from Japanese to English as "leave luck to heaven".[10] As of October 18, 2010, Nintendo has sold over 565 million hardware units and 3.4 billion software units.[11] Contents * 1 History o 1.1 As a card company (1889–1956) o 1.2 New ventures (1956–1974) o 1.3 Electronic era (since 1974) + 1.3.1 Handheld console history * 2 Infrastructure o 2.1 Key Executives o 2.2 Offices and locations * 3 Software development studios o 3.1 First-party studios o 3.2 Second-party studios o 3.3 Former affiliates * 4 Policy o 4.1 Emulation o 4.2 Content guidelines o 4.3 License guidelines o 4.4 Seal of Quality + 4.4.1 NTSC regions + 4...
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...Women’s Role (1865-Present) Kimberly Burrows HIS 204 Joseph Scahill February 2, 2013 Women’s Role (1865-Present) Throughout history, women have suffered fewer rights then men and are discriminated against because of their gender. Historically, a woman’s main role was to tend to the home isolated in the domestic “bubble” and to raise their children while their husbands were away at work. In this paper, I will describe the historical significance of this issue from 1865 to the present. I will explain the historical developments that presented new opportunities for women in society. I will discuss the main individuals that were involved in these struggles. To conclude, I will analyze ways in which it contributed to an “ending of isolation” while assessing the challenges involved. Even today, women still face discrimination based on their gender. However, the role of women has changed significantly which has created a lasting and ongoing increase of women's rights. The woman’s role presents a historical significance from 1865 to today for many reasons. Prior to the Civil War, women were perceived as the weaker sex and were considered intellectually inferior to men. Their freedom was limited and they had fewer rights than men. Women were expected to marry, care for their home, cook, make clothing and raise their children. According to (Manning, 2005), “Women were viewed as wives and mothers, whose economic rights were mainly to be supported by a male breadwinner and protected...
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...“INVENTION AND INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT” Report of a workshop sponsored by the Lemelson-MIT Program and LEAD International, London, November 2003 THE LEMELSON-MIT PROGRAM School of Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1 Workshop Participants ____________________________ Julia Marton-Lefèvre, Chair, LEAD International, UK Merton C. Flemings, Vice-Chair, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Evan I. Schwartz, Rapporteur, Author and Independent Journalist, USA Shereen El Feki, The Economist, UK David Grimshaw, Intermediate Technology Development Group, UK Pamela Hartigan, Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Switzerland Ashok Khosla, Development Alternatives, India Ehsan Masood, LEAD International, UK Penelope Mawson, LEAD International, UK Nick Moon, ApproTEC, Kenya Adil Najam, Fletcher School, Tufts University, USA Julia Novy-Hildesley, Lemelson Foundation, USA Anna Richell, Design Council, UK Ammon Salter, Imperial College London, UK Eugenio de Motta Singer, ERM, Brazil Rory Stear, Freeplay Energy Corp., UK Zhang Lubiao, Institute of Agricultural Economics, China 2 Foreword This draft document comprises Recommendations and a Summary of the discussion from a workshop held at the secretariat of LEAD International in London in November 2003, as part of a larger study on invention and inventiveness. The study will culminate in an “Invention Assembly” in Washington D.C. in April 2004. The study is supported by the Lemelson-MIT...
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...Strategies for Small and Medium-Sized U.S. Businesses Interested in Investing in China: Lessons That Can Be Learned from Taiwanese Companies Xun Wang Department of Sociology/Anthropology University of Wisconsin -Parkside David A. Ralston Management Department Michael F. Price College of Business University of Oklahoma Investing in China has been one of the hottest and most critical issues in the ever-changing business world since the early 1980s. Huge amounts of foreign investment poured into China during this period primarily because of China's huge market, plentiful cheap labor, and rapid economic development (Davies, 1998; Luo, 1998; Shi, 1998; Sun & Tipton, 1998; Wang & Ralston, 1995). From 1980 to 1988, the number of foreign-joint ventures approved in China increased from 348 to 15,955, and the amount of foreign capital pledged increased from $1.7 million to $28.2 million (Pomfret, 1991). The foreign investment in China totaled $27.5 in 1993 and that amount rose to $37.5 billion by 1995. At present, there are over 318,000 foreign funded companies in China with the total amount of realized foreign investment from 1978 to 1998 totaling $250 billion (Shi, 1998). While the interest in investing in China is worldwide, two major investors are the U.S and Taiwan (Pomfret, 1991; Shi, 1998; Sun & Tipton, 1998; Walker, 1996; Wang & Ralston, 1995;). What is also interesting to note is that while almost all U.S. companies investing in China are large multinational corporat...
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...Bibliography – (1) – Apple Computers: This Month in Business History (Business Reference Services, Library of Congress) – Retrieved March 10th 2015 (2) – Westerdal, Jay (Iphone.com has been acquired by Apple) Domain Tools Blog – Retrieved July 3rd 2007 (3) – http://www.apple.com/uk/iphone-6s/ (4) – Apple FY14 Results (United States Securities and Exchange Commission) – Retrieved October 20th 2014 (5) – BTEC Business Level 3 – Charlotte Bagley, Andrew Dean, Louise Stubbs and Mark Gardiner (6) – Tesco: How one supermarket came to dominate (BBC News) – Retrieved 18th October 2014 (7) – www.tescocorporate.com (8) – ‘’History’’ Tesco PLC – Retrieved 22 January 2015 (9) Tesco PLC website (10) – Mesure, Susie (2003–10–10) ‘’Loyalty card costs Tesco £1bn of profits – but is worth every penny’’ The Independent (11) – BTEC Business Level 3 - Charlotte Bagley, Andrew Dean, Louise Stubbs and Mark Gardiner (12) - BTEC Business Level 3 - Charlotte Bagley, Andrew Dean, Louise Stubbs and Mark Gardiner (13) – ‘Comet misleads customers’ – Telegraph – Harry Wallop – Retrieved 25th January 2011 (14) – BBC News – ‘Tesco fined over half price strawberries claim’. Retrieved 19th August 2013 (15) – ‘M&S card is breach of credit law’ The Guardian – Retrieved Thursday 9th October 2003 (16) – ‘Sony fined 250k over ‘serious’ Data Protection Act Breach’ John Glenday – Retrieved 24th January 2013 (17) - ‘Next breaks refund rules for online deliveries’ – Susannah Streeter – BBC News –...
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