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Business in China

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AE514 Review Questions
1. What is the environment Kuznets curve and what are main explanations? The EKC says that the pollution will first increase with the level of GDP per capita, reach maximum at around $8,000 and then decrease at higher levels of income. The policy implications of this finding according to some are grow first and then clean up. Some have argued that economic growth is a panacea or “cure all” for environmental degradation, “in the end the best and probably the only-way to attain a decent level of environment quality.” Another writer claims that existing environmental regulations by reducing growth may actually be reducing environmental quality.

Explanations for Environmental Kuznets Curve:

a) A natural progression of economic development from clean agrarian economies to polluting industries to clean service economies. b) Advanced economies exporting their pollution to less developed countries. c) The internalization of externalities requires relatively advanced institutions for collective decision-making. d) Another model is that below a threshold level of pollution only the dirtiest technology will be used. e) Environmental quality is a stock resource that degrades over time. f) Demand for environmental quality overtakes supply ultimately. g) Decreasing costs in pollution abatement. One of the important implications of an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is that growth and development in a country need not lead to environmental degradation.

One explanation for the environmental Kuznets curve is that the income elasticity of marginal damage is increasing in income. So, at low levels of income, pollution will rise with neutral growth because the policy response is weak. As income rises, the policy response becomes stronger, and if at some point the income elasticity of marginal

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