...The Sources of Japanese Militarism Source: J.B. Crowley, “A New Deal for Japan and Asia: One Road to Pearl Harbor” (1970)1 Introduction While the events of Pearl Harbor (1941) became “a date which will live in infamy” for the Americans, it is doubted by many if the attack was to be expected due to the rigid U.S. policy toward Japan. Crowley argues that by not acting against the 1931 Japanese intervention in Manchuria the U.S. “condemned itself to Pearl Harbor and the Pacific War”. In the perspective of the Vietnam War the aspects of Asian nationalism, the heritage of colonialism, communist ideology & national movement emerged. America’s role in Asia should be reassessed, and a better understanding of Asian racism and nationalism is needed. In this perspective Pearl Harbor will be seen as a by-product of Asian nationalism and as a conflict between an Asian country and the Occidental nationalism. As he assumes for the Japanese Pearl Harbor portrayed “a blow against the efforts of the Occidental powers to strangle Japan”. He quotes Tokutomi Sohō’s comment on the Imperial Declaration of War: “We must show the races of East Asia that order, tranquillity, peace... can be gained only by eradicating... [the Anglo-Saxons] ...and by making Nippon the leader of East Asia.” The essay of Crowley aims to help the better understanding of nationalism, colonialism, communism and imperialism in the Asian setting. The post-WW1 situation 1 Besides this essay, I relayed on the Wikipedia...
Words: 1491 - Pages: 6
...JAPAN UNDER MACARTHUR Japan was and still is a thriving country with deep cultural and traditional roots. Their day to day lives were ruled over by the Emperor of their country. Tradition was the center stone of their existence and remnants of it are still visible in this day and time. Men and women were set apart with men having the ruling authority in all matters. This was the norm before the occupation of Japan by the forces of General MacArthur. Japan surrendered control to General MacArthur on September 8th, 1945. General MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers with overall governing power of the nation of Japan. In that moment the people of Japan lost all control of their homeland. General MacArthur introduced drastic changes in the political, cultural, religious, and economical areas of Japanese life. General MacArthur knew that governing Japan could not be accomplished without the Japanese legislature (the Diet), which is the cabinet and bureaucracy that was already established. He knew that the transition would be easier with the backing of the political party that was already in place. The people of Japan were dealt a blow when Emperor Hirohito renounced his belief that he was a divine or godlike entity. General MacArthur tasked the Diet to rewrite their constitution, but he did not like what they came up with. He had individuals from his own headquarters along with civilians write the new constitution. He thought that what the people of...
Words: 474 - Pages: 2
...A Culture Briefing of Japan University of Maryland University College MGMT615, April 09, 2012 Turnitin.com = Abstract Japan is located off the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan. Japan civilization dates back more than 30,000 years. Japan has four main islands, Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu. Japan’s capital city of Tokyo is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world. Japan has four main season and climate mirrors that of a southern state in the US. Japan is slightly smaller than California. It is widely known for its reserved demeanour and politeness. Japan’s political system is somewhat similar to the United States, with three branches of government, Executive, Judicial and Legislative. Japan’s capital city of Tokyo has the largest economy in the world and the second largest in automobile manufacturing. Japan is well known for its export, import and manufacturing industry. Japan host several languages, Japanese, Korean and Okinawan. Japan is rich in tradition emphasizing harmonious relationships with others. Japanese culture is very group oriented and people prefer and it is customary to work in teams/groups. Japanese are very accommodating people and usually keep their opinion of others to themselves to avoid offending Japanese employees traditionally stay with an employer for a lifetime. Changing jobs is viewed as a lack of loyalty to an organization and is frowned upon by a different company when seeking a new opportunity. ...
Words: 2431 - Pages: 10
...Japan’s current political environment is much like many other pro-democracy governments of the world. The power is divided up between multiple branches so that there is no one person or group in charge of the whole country. The Japanese still revere the emperor, but as per the new constitution, he now holds very little power. In post World War II, Japan’s emperor acts as the country’s international diplomat. Internally, the emperor is in charge of ceremonial duties such as swearing in the prime minister and chief justice of the supreme court. After these duties, the emperor has no legislative or judicial power, that is left up to the people of japan through the other branches. The branches of Japan’s government resemble the branches of the...
Words: 267 - Pages: 2
...Cultural Differences between Japan and U.S. There are many cultural differences between the U.S. and Japan. Each country has their culture and lifestyle. While we may feel that Japanese cultural and lifestyle seems strange, they likewise look at Americans as being different. It is important to realize that Japanese and American culture is swayed by the society of people. Americans belong to a number of subcultures due to immigration, while Japanese society has less immigration and is not as diverse when it comes to subcultures. Since there are so many cultural differences between Japan and the U.S., we cannot discuss its entirety but review a few differences as it relates to the family, greeting, business, and government. First, the family structure is much different. In the Japanese culture, the man is the head and the wife services all of his needs first. While in American culture, the husband and wife are equal partners and share in responsibilities. The family structure in Japan is defined by tradition while the American family structure is free and family roles are chosen according to likes and dislikes of the family member. Japanese traditionally feel that a married woman’s place, especially older women, should be at home taking care of her husband and children. However, Americans feel that a woman can do both home and career and she is free to chose, especially since both partners are equal and share in responsibilities. Japanese are also known to take care of extended...
Words: 1385 - Pages: 6
...The influence of the West transformed Japan, a once isolated, feudalistic society into a modern, industrial power in just under 40 years. The Meiji restoration allowed Japan to compete amongst great Western powers like the United States and Britain, learning from China and India, that modernisation was critical to maintain security. Western intervention beginning in 1853 with the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry initiated a period of change which greatly impacted Japanese society by ending the period of isolation, reshaping Japan’s social and political structure, educational system, and causing Japan to expand their military. The demand that Japan open its country to foreign trade with the United States initiated the removal of the Shogunate state. This allowed the new government to come to power, and the abolishment of traditional society, which had flourished during the Tokugawa era. While the US was interested in extending their whaling industry and establishing links with...
Words: 829 - Pages: 4
...hopefully there lie some answers about this great debate. It is estimated that some 200,000 lives were taken between the bombs dropped at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. People opposed to the dropping of the bomb argue that these lives were taken unnecessarily due to the fact that Japan was trying to negotiate a peace treaty. They were out of resources needed to fight a world war and began to reach out to Sweden and Portugal in hopes of a peace treaty. On January 20, 1945 the Japanese sent terms of surrender that were almost identical to the terms that we agreed upon after the bombs were dropped, however these terms were not accepted. Again in April and May of 1945 they tried three more with no success. “Japan was already defeated and dropping the bomb was completely unnecessary” –Dwight D. Eisenhower (do we have an in-text citation for where this came from?). The people in opposition of the dropping the atomic bomb also argue the cities chosen to drop the bomb were of little military value; the number of civilians far out weighted the number of troops. On the other side of the debate are people that believe dropping the atomic bomb was necessary and supported of the strategic move claim that the invasion of Japan (Operation Downfall) would have cost from 250,000 to a million American casualties. These numbers did not include the Japanese casualties that an invasion would have cost as well. If an invasion were to occur (according to the Japanese War Ministry...
Words: 432 - Pages: 2
...INDUSTRIAL CO BERHAD 1) Describe in a half page company background Kenmark Industrial Co. (M) Berhad is a Malaysia-based company. The Company is engaged in the manufacturing of computer workstations, cabinets, furniture; printing of packaging materials; the distribution of consumer products, and investment holding. The Company is also engaged in plastic injection for furniture parts, and assembly and distribution of liquid crystal display (LCD). It exports its products to the United States, Europe, Japan and Australia. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries include Kenmark Paper Sdn. Bhd., which is engaged in manufacturing plastic parts for wooden furniture and cabinets, and investment holding; Kenmark (Labuan) Limited, which is engaged in international trading, commission agent and investment holding; Phoenix International Group Limited, which is engaged in trading in electronic devices, and Billion Dynamic Sdn. Bhd., which is engaged in the assembling and trading of electronic devices. http://klse.i3investor.com/servlets/stk/bizbg/7030.jsp KENMARK INDUSTRIAL CO (M) BERHAD Previous company name Name change date Company Overview Kenmark Industrial Co. (M) Berhad is a Malaysian-based firm involved in the manufacturing and trading of computer workstations, cabinets, furniture, and related products in Malaysia. It is a publicly quoted company incorporated in September 1988, and has its registered head officelocated in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The company’s common stock...
Words: 947 - Pages: 4
...RESEARCH QUESTIONS 2. What are the challenges that affect our mortgage market? 3. How effective is the government in our Ghanaian mortgage system? 4. What role did the governments of Canada, USA, Netherlands and Japan play in stabilizing the mortgage market in their various economies? 5. What can the Ghanaian government do to improve the mortgage market in Ghana? 1.5. DEFINITION OF RESEARCH AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research is defined as the pursuit of truth with help of study, observation, comparison and experiment that is a systematic method of finding solutions to a research problem identified, (Kothari, 2003). Due to the bi-focal nature of the research, the study will look into the role of government(s) in: 1. The Ghanaian Mortgage Market 2. Deeper mortgage markets globally 1.5.1. RESEARCH DESIGN In this research, a questionnaire and structured interviews were adopted. The target group for our research comprised Ghana Home Loans Limited, Home Finance Company Limited, Cal Bank Limited, Fidelity Bank and the Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing. Six of the deepest mortgage markets were also selected for cross examination in this research and these are Japan, Canada, Netherlands, Brazil, South Africa and the...
Words: 1179 - Pages: 5
...Economic Achievements and the Liberal Democratic Party Japan Table of ContentsThroughout the postwar period, Japan's economy continued to boom, with results far outstripping expectations. Japan rapidly caught up with the West in foreign trade, gross national product (GNP), and general quality of life. These achievements were underscored by the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games and the Osaka International Exposition (Expo '70) world's fair in 1970.The high economic growth and political tranquillity of the midto late 1960s were tempered by the quadrupling of oil prices by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1973. Almost completely dependent on imports for petroleum, Japan experienced its first recession since World War II.Despite its wealth and central position in the world economy, Japan has had little or no influence in global politics for much of the postwar period. Under the prime ministership of Tanaka Kakuei (1972-74), Japan took a stronger but still low-key stance by steadily increasing its defense spending and easing trade frictions with the United States. Tanaka's administration was also characterized by high-level talks with United States, Soviet, and Chinese leaders, if with mixed results. His visits to Indonesia and Thailand prompted riots, a manifestation of long-standing antiJapanese sentiments. Tanaka was forced to resign in 1974 because of his alleged connection to financial scandals and, in the face of charges of involvement in the Lockheed...
Words: 944 - Pages: 4
...PEST ANALYSIS OF JAPAN. Submitted To: Sir Faiez H. Sayel Submitted By: Ali Ahmad Majoka 006 Ifrah Javaid 045 Muhammad Habibullah 084 Nayab Ameen 115 Sharjeel Arslan 139 Zahid Yousaf 166 Qaiser Abbas 175 Section: MBA-13C COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore PEST Analysis of Japan: Political analysis: • Political System: Japan is a democratic country, but it is a very different kind of democracy to that prevailing in most of Europe in countries like France and Germany. The main reason for this is the dominant position of one party – the Liberal Democratic Party – which held power almost unbroken for more than 50 years. • The Diet Japan is a parliamentary kingdom governed by a Prime Minister and his cabinet. The parliament is called the Diet and is composed of the upper House of Councilors and the lower House of Representatives. The House of Representatives can be dissolved anytime by the Prime Minister. The lower house holds most of the decision power. The party which achieves a majority in the lower house can nominate the Prime Minister (usually the party president). • Political parties The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) is the only stable party of the last 4 decades. It has been in power since its foundation in 1958, keeping an undisrupted majority in parliament. At the moment, the second most popular party is the newly founded Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ). It defeated...
Words: 2213 - Pages: 9
...analysis Strategic Management Topic: PEST ANALYSIS OF JAPAN. Submitted To: Sir Faiez H. Sayel Submitted By: Ali Ahmad Majoka 006 Ifrah Javaid 045 Muhammad Habibullah 084 Nayab Ameen 115 Sharjeel Arslan 139 Zahid Yousaf 166 Qaiser Abbas 175 Section: MBA-13C COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore PEST Analysis of Japan: Political analysis: • Political System: Japan is a democratic country, but it is a very different kind of democracy to that prevailing in most of Europe in countries like France and Germany. The main reason for this is the dominant position of one party – the Liberal Democratic Party – which held power almost unbroken for more than 50 years. The Diet Japan is a parliamentary kingdom governed by a Prime Minister and his cabinet. The parliament is called the Diet and is composed of the upper House of Councilors and the lower House of Representatives. The House of Representatives can be dissolved anytime by the Prime Minister. The lower house holds most of the decision power. The party which achieves a majority in the lower house can nominate the Prime Minister (usually the party president). Political parties The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) is the only stable party of the last 4 decades. It has been in power since its foundation in 1958, keeping an undisrupted...
Words: 2202 - Pages: 9
...Supplementary Income Payments (Teigaku Kyuufu-kin) 1. Introduction (1) Why I want to study this topic As an international student without paying any tax in Japan, I received 12000 yen in May as the Supplementary Income Payments (Teigaku Kyuufu-kin) from Japanese government. It is said that this policy can stimulate the economy and help the daily live in Japan. Also, as a Taiwanese, I received the consumption voucher worth about 10000 yen in 2009. In this great recession, it seems that every government tries to save the economy by the power of government and relocation of equity. However, does this really work? Will this be paid by our younger generation in the future? Will it cause inflation? And what are the differences between consumer coupon and cash? (2) Methods I will address my conclusion mainly based on the information and papers I found. Also, in order to know the point of view form people receiving cash, I conducted several interviews. The interviewees include Japanese and international students, no matter can they receive the amount money or not. 2. The history of government supplementary income in Japan (1) Regional promotion coupons program in 1999 In the spring of 1999, the Japanese government implemented the “regional promotion coupons program," or the “shopping coupon program." The “shopping coupon” worth 20,000 yen (about 200 dollars) was distributed to families for every child under the age of 15 and to roughly half...
Words: 1180 - Pages: 5
...decision but either way, Japan ended up bombing a naval base in Hawaii, Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941. This surprise attack took a toll on The United States’ naval power and forced them into the war. The war went on for a year or so then the tide began to turn on Japan. The emperor realized the possibility of losing but he only pushed his army to greater efforts. As the war continued, Japan lost many battles. These losses though, were reported as victories to the citizens of Japan. For a short while these false truths were believed. Reality struck in eventually. When there were shortages of food and medicine, the citizens of Japan figured out how the war was actually going. Hirohito was running out of options. He decided to appoint two new prime ministers to help with the war. Both ended up being...
Words: 1148 - Pages: 5
...failures of APEC and the IMF. Conclusion – The harmonious engagement of regional actors in multilateral frameworks has significant capacity to contribute to regional stability, rendering Washington’s role as an extra regional balancer redundant. The rise of a unified East Asia will undoubtedly recalibrate regional security arrangements. 1.2 – The US is a regional balancer due to its hub-and-spoke system. Many theories support this such as hegemonic stability theory, which priorities unipolarity challenges from disputing the status quo but with the failure of IMF and China’s diplomacy shift, China has a more active role with the region becoming more influenced by Beijing Consensus. Regional collaboration has increased with ASEAN +3 of Japan, China, and South Korea. This shows a power shift away from the hub-and-spoke alliance system (Ward, Alex. 2013). Section 2 US will not be the indispensable power in East Asia in the time to come as they are slowly losing their power because ASEAN +3 are working and helping each other without the help from US. P1 shows that US still has a certain degree of power and is indispensable in East Asia. However, the author stated in the later part of the article that because ASEAN +3 are starting to cooperate together, they do not need US to act as a balancer or middleman through their hub-and-spoke system between countries in East Asia. With...
Words: 2310 - Pages: 10
