...Bribery vs Reinforcement - Research Paper - J123M456 http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/Bribery-Vs-Reinfo... Login Join The Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers Search over 100,000 Essays Home Page » People Bribery vs Reinforcement In: People Bribery vs Reinforcement The discussion between what is bribery and what is reinforcement is a struggle that many parents face when wanting to discipline their children. To not get confused, there is a vast difference between the two. Bribery and reinforcement are not synonymous. Both Irvine and Direnfeld agree that the problem between a parent bribing or reinforcing their children is simply not the fault of their parenting ways, but how communication was lost. Parents have failed to communicate to their children that good behavior is rewarding enough (Irvine, 2007). According to the Lovaas Institute Blog, internal motivation is more beneficial than external rewards. If parents and teachers continuously advocate that the behavior the children do is good, then the need of external rewards will be eliminated because the praise and the attention that children will get out of it is rewarding enough. Most applied behavior analysts would agree that bribing a child institutes good behavior, but also communicates to the child that they will receive something in return for that behavior. According to Direnfeld, bribery is a “promise” of delivery. This means that before any behavior is...
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...Focus on healthcare 46 Brands and the emerging consumer in 2015 62 Brazil: Steady decline continues 64 China: A life online 66 India: New government, strong consumer 68 Indonesia: An under-penetrated market 70 Mexico: Structural potential, cyclical hurdles 72 Russia: Dark clouds gather 74 Saudi Arabia: The petro-dollar 76 South Africa: Reduced optimism 81 About the survey 83 Imprint / Disclaimer For more information, please contact: Richard Kersley, Head of Global Securities Products and Themes, Credit Suisse Investment Banking, richard.kersley@credit-suisse.com Michael O’Sullivan, Chief Investment Officer UK & EMEA, Credit Suisse Private Banking & Wealth Management, michael.o’sullivan@credit-suisse.com COVERPHOTO: ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/XAVIERARNAU, PHOTO: ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/ALIJA 78 Turkey: Subdued but stable EMERGING CONSUMER SURVEY 2015_3 Editorial We are delighted to publish the fifth edition of the Credit Suisse Research Institute’s “Emerging Consumer Survey.” To undertake the project, we have again partnered with global market research firm Nielsen, which has conducted on our behalf nearly 16,000 face-to-face interviews with consumers across nine key emerging economies – Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and South Africa. We have built a unique and accessible multi-year database profiling the fortunes and intentions of these key consumers. The ambition of our series of studies has been to...
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...Stacy Schuster Global Business Assignment 2 Recently the U.S. and South Korea came to have reached agreement on a landmark trade deal. According to an article by Martha Grevatt the “landmark deal” makes modification to a previous trade agreement, KORUS, negotiated by George W. Bush and former South Korean President Roh-Moo Hyun. The preceding points in this paper will explore the differentiating views of two articles on the trade agreement, which disagree on whether the agreement is beneficial or not. A. The long awaited revision of a free trade agreement met by the U.S. and South Korea is one of the largest trade pacts “by value of traded goods” the U.S. has completed since the North American Free Trade Agreement with Canada and Mexico. According to Evan Ramstad the trade agreement with have many effects on South Korea than the U.S. as they become will continue to play a greater role in the South Korea economy and import tariffs that have been kept high to protect its climb from poverty will be rapidly eliminated. According to the text, tariffs are a tax levied on imports (or exports) (Hill, 2010). This elimination of tariffs may reduce South Korea’s surplus in trade with the U.S., but this pact is expected to contribute to an increase in trade and U.S. firms can immediately set up shop in South Korea to work on international contracts and disputes (Ramstad, 2012). The free trade area between the U.S. and South Korea aims to drop all tariffs and increase the United States...
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...ASSESSING THE POWER OF PORTER'S DIAMOND MODEL IN THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN MEXICO AFTER TEN YEARS OF NAFTA SALVADOR BARRAGAN Master in Business Administration, IPADE Business School, 1996 BSc in Industrial Engineering, Universidad Panamericana, 1994 A Research Project Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of the University of Lethbridge in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MANAGEMENT Faculty of Management University of Lethbridge LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, CANADA © Salvador Barragán, 2005 ii Abstract It has been ten years since the signature of the NAFTA agreement among Canada, U.S., and Mexico. For Mexico, this was a decisive step away from a protectionism model toward a free trade market. One of the main purposes for Mexico in joining NAFTA was to increase the competitiveness of its manufacturing sector, especially the automotive industry. In this paper, Porter’s Diamond Model of national competitiveness and some critiques that attempt to extend the usefulness of the model are analyzed. The Doubled Diamond and the role of MNEs in a host country are both examined through a case study research of the foreign-owned automobile industry in Mexico. The findings of this study show evidence of a broader role of MNEs than in the original framework, as well as the usefulness of the doubled diamond extension to explain alternative sources of competitiveness in early stages of development. iii Acknowledgments...
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...International Business Exam Chapter 1 Notes Domestic vs International Business * Business: is the manufacturing of goods or services in order to make a profit * Term “trade” is used interchangeably with business * Transactions: exchange of things of value * Domestic Business: business that transacts mainly in the country it was base din * ie owned by Canadians, in Canada, selling to Canadians (Rare) * International Business: economic system of transactions conducted between businesses in different countries * Domestic Transaction: between 2 Canadian companies * International Transaction: between Canadian + non Canadian company * Domestic Market: the customers of a business who are in the same country as the business * Foreign Market: the customers of a business who are in a different country as the business * 5 Ways for businesses to must be international * MUST own retailers or distributors in another country * MUST own manufacturing plant in another country * MUST export to other countries * MUST import from others * MUST invest in other country businesses * Trading Partner: Canada businesses make relationship with businesses in another country, so they would be Canada’s trading partner. History of Canadian Trade * European Trade * 1700s – trades grew fast after permanent Canadian settlement * Demand for raw materials (beaver pelts, fish, lumber) ...
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...A1- Explain how you determined your product design decisions in the simulation. In the simulation we had to start a computer company from the ground. Initially, we were given a 2 million dollar investment to start with. We had to choose 2 out of 3 markets in 4 different major cities each with their individual need. We had to design computers that will respond to their needs based on the market report that was provided. We did not have a report or review of our products to rely on to build new computers since we were a new company. Therefore, we analyzed the market research to see what our targeted market wanted and the price they were willing to pay. Then we build computers based on them. Mercedes, a very well-known car company, wants a computers that is fast and powerful, has engineering features and can connect with other computers. In response to their needs, we manufactured the GCS 100, a powerful, fast computer with engineering capacity that can link to other computers. We chose the GCS100 name because it is our acronym plus 100. We added the 100 in case we came with an updated version we can change the number and keep the GCS. After a quarter of deceptive result we decide to stop manufacturing the GCS100 and replaced it with Global Power computers which we later updated to global power 1. Workhorse has the largest market. They wanted an easy and fun to use computer with office application that can link with other computers. Therefore we manufactured the GCS with the...
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...Global Economics Paper No: 192 Goldman Sachs Global Economics, Commodities and Strategy Research at https://360.gs.com The Long-Term Outlook for the BRICs and N-11 Post Crisis The BRIC and N-11 countries are emerging from the crisis better than the developed world. As a result, our long-term projections for the BRICs look more, rather than less, likely to be realised. It is now possible that China will become as big as the US by 2027, and the BRICs as big as the G7 by 2032. Within the BRICs and N-11, China, Brazil, India, Indonesia and the Philippines appear to be performing best. Bangladesh, Egypt, Korea, Nigeria, Turkey and Vietnam form a second group of countries that have performed broadly in line with expectations. Iran, Mexico, Pakistan and Russia have need for improvement. We show the ongoing dramatic BRIC influence in key product markets, with autos and crude oil as examples. Important disclosures appear at the back of this document Thanks to Dominic Wilson, Michael Buchanan, Paulo Leme and Swarnali Ahmed for their valuable comments, and to Alex Kelston for the Growth Environment Scores Jim O’Neill and Anna Stupnytska December 4, 2009 Goldman Sachs Global Economics, Commodities and Strategy Research Global Economics Paper Contents Summary Section 1. Where We Stand on the BRICs and N-11 Section 2. The BRICs and N-11 in the Aftermath of the Crisis 2.1 BRICs and N-11 Global Importance Continues to Rise 3 4 6 6 Higher growth contribution...
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...Production System at Toyota David Osborn Ebenezer Ogoke Lamar Pryor Loretta Inoni UMUC AMBA 640 9042- Dr. Wende Huehn-Brown Table of Contents Exercise #1: 3 Exercise #2: 9 Exercise #3 14 Exercise #4 20 References 24 Exercise #1: Executive Summary Since the early 1950’s Toyota has been in the business of manufacturing automobiles as a family operated company. Much of Toyota’s success has come from their ability to adapt to an ever changing market place, in both good times and in bad, while honoring its commitment to product safety and quality. This commitment has allowed them to consistently produce cars that meet or exceed that of their competition, while taking into consideration the impact on our environment. Through the years many types of cars can be associated with the Toyota brand, but it is the introduction of the Lexus line of cars in 1989 that has helped to keep Toyota at the forefront of innovation and design. Early in 2000 Toyota took on the daunting task of deciding where to manufacture the Lexus RX300. Through careful analysis it was decided that the Toyota Motor Manufacturing of Canada (TMMC) would get this task. How this decision was derived came from the efforts of an independent consulting firm called the Hawks. They utilized production analysis and concepts derived and refined out of Toyota’s Production System (TPS) from Andon to Yokoten, as well as, Grid Analysis and Decision tree to assess how best Toyota should expand its production...
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...Int. J. Technological Learning, Innovation and Development, Vol. 2, Nos. 1/2, 2009 7 Globalisation of the automotive industry: main features and trends Timothy J. Sturgeon Industrial Performance Center (IPC), MIT, 292 Main Street (E38-104), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA E-mail: sturgeon@mit.edu Olga Memedovic* United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna International Centre, A-1440 Vienna, Austria E-mail: O.Memedovic@unido.org *Corresponding Author Johannes Van Biesebroeck Department of Economics, University of Toronto, 150 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G7,Canada E-mail: jovb@chass.utoronto.ca Gary Gereffi Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0088, USA E-mail: ggere@soc.duke.edu Abstract: This paper lays out the main features of the global automotive industry and identifies several important trends. A boom in developing country sales and production has not yet overshadowed the importance of existing markets in developed regions. Regional integration is very strong at an operational level, yet the industry has recently developed a set of global-scale value chain linkages, and retains national and local elements as well. The paper highlights how global, regional, national and local value chains are nested to create a pattern of global integration that is distinctive to the industry. We use global value chain analysis to help explain the limits of build-to-order in the industry, the role of regional and global suppliers...
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...Int. J. Technological Learning, Innovation and Development, Vol. 2, Nos. 1/2, 2009 7 Globalisation of the automotive industry: main features and trends Timothy J. Sturgeon Industrial Performance Center (IPC), MIT, 292 Main Street (E38-104), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA E-mail: sturgeon@mit.edu Olga Memedovic* United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna International Centre, A-1440 Vienna, Austria E-mail: O.Memedovic@unido.org *Corresponding Author Johannes Van Biesebroeck Department of Economics, University of Toronto, 150 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G7,Canada E-mail: jovb@chass.utoronto.ca Gary Gereffi Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0088, USA E-mail: ggere@soc.duke.edu Abstract: This paper lays out the main features of the global automotive industry and identifies several important trends. A boom in developing country sales and production has not yet overshadowed the importance of existing markets in developed regions. Regional integration is very strong at an operational level, yet the industry has recently developed a set of global-scale value chain linkages, and retains national and local elements as well. The paper highlights how global, regional, national and local value chains are nested to create a pattern of global integration that is distinctive to the industry. We use global value chain analysis to help explain the limits of build-to-order in the industry, the role of regional and global suppliers...
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...PIRELLI TYRE 2009-2011 MANAGEMENT PLAN Francesco Gori CEO & Managing Director Pirelli Tyre Agenda 2008 Tyre Results Industrial Business Consumer Business 2009-2011 Tyre Targets | 1 In 2008 Pirelli Tyre performance was adversely impacted by unforeseeable market conditions Million €, Percent Key Facts 2008 yoy Q1 Q2 31 Q3 76 Q4 74 ∆ Price/Mix +7.3% Profit & Loss Revenues EBITDA (before restructuring costs) % ∆ Exchange Rate -2.8% FY '07 4,162 549 13.2 358 8.6 358 FY '08 4,100 443 10.8 250 6.1 150 ∆% -1.5 -19.2 ∆ Volume -6.0% Impact of raw materials 14 103 88 41 18 EBIT (before restructuring costs) % EBIT (after restructuring costs) -30.2 EBIT +191 ∆ Commercial ∆ Efficiencies -4 ∆ Unit costs & other -295 A dramatic increase in all input costs (raw materials, energy, etc.) A collapse of the OE market, driving sales down by 10.2% in Q4 (5% organic) The decision to provision in 2008 results restructuring initiatives and costs worth 100 ml € Note: unaudited results, pre-closing | 2 Pirelli Tyre 2008 operating and financial performance Million € Raw materials: Labour / energy / other: (72) -195 -73 EBIT bridge (before restructuring costs) 358 263 (268) (268) (5) (15) (11) 250 EBIT 2008 EBIT 2007 Price & mix Volume Cost of inputs Efficiencies Exchange rate Depreciation / other NFP evolution * of which stock: -212 PBIT:...
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...TOYOTA- The Rise of a Global Corporation Submitted By: (12010121196) Ms. N AMULYA REDDY (12010121213) Ms. NIKITA SINGHANIA (12010121276) Mr. REUBEN JOSEPH (12010121032) Mr. AMIT KUMAR JENA (12010121057) Ms. ARPITA DEB (12010121316) Ms. SAYONEE DATTA Submitted To: Dr. Ravi Raj Kumar. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At an outset we would like to express our profound gratitude to all the people who helped us directly or indirectly in completing the project. We thank Alliance University, the institution that has been working towards its noble mission of providing quality and holistic knowledge to its students. We sincerely express our gratitude to our Dean, Dr. Ravi Raj Kumar for the benevolence he has showered on us by providing us with all necessary facilities. We are thankful to him, for his expert advice and help which has always been source of inspiration for us. Above all, we owe everything to the Almighty and well-wishers for their valuable contribution and insights. However, we have taken utmost care in preparing this project report, mistakes would have crept though. (12010121196) Ms. N AMULYA REDDY (12010121213) Ms. NIKITA SINGHANIA (12010121276) Mr. REUBEN JOSEPH (12010121032) Mr. AMIT KUMAR JENA (12010121057) Ms. ARPITA DEB (12010121316) Ms. SAYONEE DATTA 1 Topic. Case Summary Q1: Toyota's revolutionary lean production Q2: Compare and contrast the arm's length relationships Q3: Development of Toyota's revolutionary "lean production system" Q4: Toyota enter into the...
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...the politics of Free trade Agreements…………….7 2.2.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………7 2.2.2 MENA Region………………………………………………………………………………8 2.2.4 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………...9 2.3 Arab Free Trade Area: Potentialities and Effects and the Impact of regional Trade Agreement and Trade Facilitation in the Middle East North Africa region…………………….10 2.3.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..10 2.3.2 The Past……………………………………………………………………………………11 2.3.3 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………13 2.4 The North American Free Trade Agreement:Economic impacts of the agreement on United States of America and Mexico in comparison…………………………………………………14 2.4.1Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..14 2.4.2 About NAFTA……………………………………………………………………………15 2.4.3 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………….16 2.5 Effects of changes to USA-Korea Free Trade Agreements[FTA] On The Passenger Vehicle sector……………………………………………………………………………………………17 2.5.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………17 2.5.2 Changes to FTA to new[accompanying agreement]…………………………………18 2.5.3 Effects of changes on both imports and exports……………………………………..20 2.6 Singapore’s Free Trade Agreements{FTAs} with New Zealand……………………...23 2.6.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..23 2.6.2 Singapore- New Zealand...
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...2011 LGBT Community Survey U.S. Overview Report v2 8.25.2011 5th Annual Edition En3re contents © Community Marke3ng, Inc. CMI’s 5th Annual LGBT Community Survey Thanks to our 2011 Sponsors CMI’s 5th Annual LGBT Community Survey U.S. Overview Report 5th Annual Edition Gay men and lesbians own more homes and cars, travel more, spend more on electronics, and have the largest amount of disposable income per capita of any “niche” market. And it’s a sizeable segment: LGBT consumers make up 5% to 10% of the U.S. consumer market. U3lizing quan3ta3ve and qualita3ve market research methodologies, Community Marke3ng helps companies beQer understand and more effec3vely reach the LGBT community. Our consumer panel provides insights through online surveys, focus groups, intercepts and more. Thomas Roth, President Community Marke3ng, Inc. www.CommunityMarke3ngInc.com 2011 LGBT Community Survey US Overview Report ...
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...PURPOSE OF CHAPTER Consumers’ perceptions are highly subjective, and consumers can be quite unpredictable.The complex nature of consumers makes the study and understanding of consumer behavior imperative. Sweden and Colombia have both attempted to affect consumer perceptions. The Juan Valdez campaign of the Federation of Colombian Coffee Growers has been successful in creating a desirable image for its product and using it to communicate with consumers. Volvo, likewise, has successfully nurtured an image of safety. Because the influence of culture has already been discussed in depth in Chapter 6, this chapter covers other relevant concepts. The focus is on the major approaches used to study consumer behavior. The basic purpose of this chapter is to acknowledge the role that determinants other than culture play in influencing consumer behavior. The chapter thus examines the psychological and social dimensions, and these include motivation, learning, personality, psychographics, perception, attitude, social class, group, family, opinion leadership, and the diffusion process of innovations. PERSPECTIVES ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR Consumer behavior may be defined as a study of human behavior within the consumer role and includes all the steps in the decision-making process. The study must go beyond the explicit act of purchase to include an examination of less observable processes, as well as a discussion of why, where, and how a particular purchase occurs. Domestically, marketing...
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