...Lower Limb Arteries Flowchart - p. 734, Fig. 19.25 (text) Femoral Popliteal Tibial (Anterior and Posterior) VEINS Systemic Veins Flowchart – Fig. 32.7 Figure 32.8 Lower Limb Veins Flowchart - p. 744, Fig. 19.30 (text) Tibial (Anterior and Posterior) Popliteal Femoral Great Saphenous External Iliac (R. and L.) Figure 32.10 Abdominal Veins Flowchart - p. 742, Fig. 19.29 (text) Common Iliac (R. and L.) Gonadals (R. and L.; L. drains into L. Renal Vein) Renals (R.and L.) Hepatic Portal – drainage from digestive organs, spleen, pancreas into liver - Figure 32.14 Inferior Mesenteric Splenic Superior Mesenteric Hepatic – from liver Inferior Vena Cava Figure 32.11 Upper Limb Veins Flowchart - p. 740, Fig. 19.28 (text) Ulnar Radial Brachial Axillary Subclavian (R. and L.) Internal and External Jugular (R. and L.) – Figure 32.10 Brachiocephalic (R. and L.) Superior Vena...
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...May-Thurner Syndrome Ashley Davis Baker College of Auburn Hills VAS 233 May-Thurner Syndrome can also be known as the iliac vein compression, iliocaval compression syndrome, or cockett syndrome. This is a rare condition in which the left iliac vein is compressed by the right iliac artery due to the artery crossing over the vein. May-Thurner Syndrome was first noted in 1957 when an anatomical variant was found by R May and J Thurner (Weerakkody, Y., n.d.). Most patients are asymptomatic and go unrecognized until the symptoms develop. This disease compromises the venous return and can cause a deep venous thrombosis but fortunately can be treated and prevented. May and Thurner suggested that the constant pulsations from the right iliac artery led to the development of a “spur”, which can also be called a venous lesion, in the vein wall which would result in venous obstruction. About 2 to 5% of all individuals suffering from a vein disorder in the lower extremities have been diagnosed with May-Thurner syndrome (4 Important Things You Need to Know About May-Thurner Syndrome, n.d.). There are no facts as to why this condition happens except being thought as a congenital defect. Although it can happen because of trauma, age and extreme weight gain. This disorder is common among young women between 20 and 40 years of age. May-Thurner syndrome can cause left iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis. The patients will complain of unilateral swelling and pain. About 18-49% of patients with...
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...for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an estimated 248,000 blood stream infections are reported per year (CDC, June 2010), and mortality rate of 12%-25 %( CDC, 2011) .This dangerous lethal medical complication can be prevented by proper management of the catheter insertion and strict aseptic technique during care. Even though CDC has recommended standard catheter associated blood stream infections (CA-BSI) prevention strategies, the study shows areas of variability in the surveillance. A central line is an intravascular catheter that terminates at or close to the heart or in one of the great vessels which is used for infusion, withdrawal of blood, or hemodynamic monitoring. The Aorta, pulmonary artery, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, brachiocephalic veins, internal jugular veins, subclavian veins, external iliac veins, common iliac veins, common femoral veins, and the umbilical artery/vein in neonates are considered to be the commonly used great vessels for the purpose of reporting the central line blood stream infection (CLBSI). Central line plays a crucial role in medical practice, especially in intensive care unit, during major surgery, resuscitation, reliable hemodynamic monitoring, and vascular access for dialysis patients....
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...of organs work together in a common function to help maintain a normal internal environment. A very significant system within the body is the circulatory system. This system is composed of the heart and the blood vessels that allow blood to flow efficiently and quickly throughout the entire body . The most essential and the largest blood vessels in a person's circulatory system is the Superior Vena Cava and the Inferior Vena Cava. These two systemic veins carry deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower sections of the body into the right atrium of the heart. Although thin and short in width, the Superior Vena Cava is wide in diameter. It is...
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...Throughout the article, Activism, Politics, and Organizing by Peter Cava the author has many great point. The main points included the introduction of the feminist movement, Gay and LGBT movement and Building Movements. The article informs us that feminism can be defined as a movement to end oppression based on sex and gender. We also have a sense of when the movement began in 1800s and early 1900s. On down the line we are informed that Gay liberation movements began as well in the late 1900s. With the information given I can easily see that there is a connection between feminism and gay liberation. Furthermore, the author focused on building movements. One movement that stood out to me was rights verses liberation. There seems to be a toss...
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...most common use for this type of experiment. We began the lab by observing the external anatomy. We first observed that the heart did not have a pericardium. The pericardium is the body’s way of protecting the heart and separates it from the rest of the thoracic cavity. If it were present we would have cut it away to reveal the white lumpy tissue. The white lumpy tissue is fat tissue. The bulk of the heart tissue is the reddish brown muscle or myocardium. We placed the heart down showing the ventral side to reveal the following features: Apex, Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Right Auricle, Right Ventricle, Right and Left Pulmonary Veins, Left Auricle, Left Ventricle, Brachiocephalic Artery, and the Coronary Artery. When we flipped the heart over to view the dorsal side we acknowledged the following: Aorta, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Vein, Left Auricle, Left Ventricle, Coronary Artery, Right ventricle, Inferior Vena Cava, Right Auricle, Superior Vena...
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...Afterwards, put the sheep's heart on the dissecting tray having the ventral side facing you and the appendix facing downward. Identify both the left and right ventricles and atriums, the aorta and the vena cava. Identify the left from the right side of your heart by squeezing each side of the heart, as the left will be firmer because it has to pump blood throughout the body. Turn the heart to have the right side of the heart on your right. Locate the top opening of you heart which is called the superior vena cava and stick a pencil down it and you should feel it open up to the right atrium . a little on the left of the superior vena cava there is another blood vessel called an inferior vena cava, which brings blood from the rest of the body. This vessel should also lead to the right atrium. The center of the heart you can see the aorta which the largest blood vessel. It takes oxygenated blood to the body. The aorta branches into more than one artery, which causes it to have more than one opening. Look at the opening and see how they are connected. Behind the aorta, you can see the pulmonary vessel, which is also larger, which takes blood from right ventricle to lungs. Insert the scalpel into the superior vena cava through the wall of the right atrium and ventricle. Cause the two sides to split and look at the three flaps in the membrane. Then insert the scalpel into the aorta and make an incision down through wall of left atrium and...
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... Right atrium Right auricle Coronary sulcus Right ventricle Anterior interventricular sulcus Left ventricle Left atrium Pulmonary veins Pulmonary trunk a. Right branch of pulmonary artery b. Left branch of pulmonary artery 10. Ligamentum arteriosum (ductus arteriosus*) 11. Ascending aorta 12. Aortic arch 13. Brachiocephalic trunk 14. Left common carotid artery 15. Left subclavian artery 16. Superior vena cava 17. Right brachiocephalic vein 18. Left brachiocephalic vein 19. Descending aorta 20. Esophagus 21. Trachea 22. Annular ligament 23. Tracheal cartilages 24. Left bronchus 25. Right bronchus 26. Inferior vena cava 27. Coronary sinus 28. Great cardiac vein 29. Left coronary artery 30. Fatty tissue 31. Right coronary artery 32. Sinoatrial node 33. Orifice of inferior vena cava 34. Valve of inferior vena cava 35. Tricuspid valve 36. Atrioventricular node 37. Pulmonary valve (Semilunar valve of pulmonary artery) 38. Right branch of Bundle of His 39. Purkinje fibers 40. Septal papillary muscle 41. Bicuspid (mitral) valve 42. Posterior papillary muscle 43. Left branch of Bundle of His 44. Interventricular septum 45. Aortic valve (semilunar valve of aorta) 46. Small cardiac vein 47. Posterior vein of left...
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...the outside parts of the head and neck to the heart.The internal one lies deeper and carries blood from the deeper tissues of the neck and from the interior of the skull. Subclavian Vein: Empties blood from the upper extremities and then carry it back to the heart. Superior Vena Cava: Is the large vein which returns blood to the heart from the head, neck and both upper limbs. The inferior vena cava returns blood to the heart from the lower part of the body. Pulmonary Veins: Large blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and drain into the left...
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...Unit 5 Assignment 3 Cardiovascular The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is a system of the body comprised of the heart, the blood, and the blood vessels. This system is responsible for transporting blood. As the cardiovascular system moves blood throughout the body, cells receive oxygen and nutrients. Carbon dioxide and other wastes are removed from the body as well. Carotid artery The function of this carotid artery is that it carries blood away from the heart. The arteries are made up from blood vessels and these supply blood to the head neck and brain. The artery is on each side of the neck, left and right. Each carotid artery branches into internal and external vessels near the top of the thyroid. The only important function that the carotid artery has is to carry the blood to the head, neck and brain to supply it with blood. The right hand side and left side carotid arteries both link off. The right side is known as the internal carotid artery which supplies blood to the brain and the eyes. The left side of the carotid artery supplies blood to the throat, neck glands, tongue, face, mouth, ear and scalp. They both have different jobs where they have to supply blood too, both these jobs are important to supply the top half of our body with blood. Subclavian arteries the Subclavian arteries carry blood away from the heart. Subclavian arteries are both on the right and left side of the body. The right Subclavian artery extends from...
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...Anatomy and Physiology Task 1 1. Discuss your dissection of the sheep heart and the cardiovascular system of the fetal pig by doing the following: a. Describe the similarities and differences between the fetal pig heart and the sheep heart. Differences: 1. Size 2. The left ventricular wall is thicker in the sheep than the fetal pig. Similarities: They both have 2 atria and 2 ventricles. b. Describe the four valves of the heart, including their name, location, and function. The four valves of the heart are the tricuspid valve, the pulmonic valve, the mitral valve, and the aortic valve. The tricuspid valve: It is located between the right atria and the right ventricle. It is comprised of three “flap-like cusps” which when in its closed position, prevents the deoxygenated blood entering the heart from the body, from backing up in the right atrium from the right ventricle (regurgitation). http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/tricuspid-valve The Pulmonic Valve: This valve is found between the right ventricle and the lungs. As the deoxygenated blood continues on its journey through the heart from the right ventricle, it makes its exit by way of the pulmonic valve. This structure is a one-way valve with prevents the flow of blood back into the right ventricle once it leaves the heart. http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/pulmonary-valve The mitral valve: This valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. As the now oxygenated blood flows...
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...* SEG 1 is displayed in green. * Because this segment has a separate embriologic origin, it originates from a separate lobe. * It is also called the caudate lobe. Portal supply is generally provided by small branches originating from the left main portal vein, or from segmental branches from adjacent segments. It is drained by small hepatic veins joining directly to the anterior wall of the inferior vena cava Seg 2 displayed in yellow. * This segment is the superior part of the left lateral segment. Segment 2 is usually drained by this superior hepatic vein coursing laterally, and joining the left hepatic vein before the junction to the inferior vena cava. * Its portal supply is provided by a branch originating from the left main portal branch. In most cases, you can easily follow this branch from its origin. Segment 2 is separated from Segment 4A by a vertical scissura containing the left hepatic vein. * Segment 2 is separated from Segment 3 by a trans-axial scissura or transverse scissura containing the left main portal branch and from segment 1 by the ligamentum venosum. From the external surface of the liver, Segment 2 is separated from Segment 4A by the falciform ligament. Segment 3 is displayed in light blue. * This segment is the inferior part of the left lateral segment. * Its portal supply is provided by a branch originating from the left main portal branch. * It is usually drained by the left hepatic vein. Segment 3 is separated...
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...Vena cava filters are small mechanical devices that are positioned in the vena cava with the sole purpose of preventing large blood clots from travelling from the legs to the pulmonary arteries. Clots reaching the arteries of the lungs may cause pulmonary embolism, which is a life-threatening condition. Aneurysms of the aorta as well as dissections may be treated with the use of endoluminal stent grafts. This requires the placement of a reinforcing tube within the affected parts of the...
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...best long-term management option for most babies involve three staged palliative surgical reconstruction performed within the 30 months of life. Stage 1: performed in neonate. Eg. Norwood Procedure Neoaorta is constructed using proximal portion of the main pulmonary artery (PA) and aorta to allow the right ventricle (RV) to serve as the pumping chamber for systemic circulation. A shunt is created between aortic circulation and proximal right PA to establish a source of pulmonary flow. Atrial septum is permanently resected. Stage 2: performed at 3-6 months of age. Glenn procedure. Original shunt is removed and the superior vena cava (SVC) is connected to the right PA Babies typically hospitalized for one week and are discharged with oxygen saturation in the low 80’s. Stage 3: performed at 18-30 months of age. Fontan procedure. Inferior vena cava (IVC) is connected to the right PA creating a total cavopulmonary connection. The ultimate goal of the three-stage reconstruction to create a circuitry where a single right ventricle is pumping blood, in series, into both systemic and pulmonary circulations. 3 Postoperative Care Circulation Post-operatively, patients have surgically altered pathways for systemic venous return that significantly affects their cardiovascular physiology. Pulmonary blood flow and therefore cardiac output, is dependent on passive, non-pulsitile flow of returning systemic venous blood. The goal of post-operative management is to optimize cardiac...
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...right ventricle, it enters the pulmonary valve traveling to the pulmonary trunk and arteries. The blood then moves to the pulmonary capillaries, once it is there it loses CO2 and gains O2. The flow of the blood continues its journey into the pulmonary veins the blood is now oxygenated. The blood enters the left atrium from there it flows into the left ventricle. Once it leaves the left ventricle it enters the aortic valve. Lastly, the blood travels to the aortic and systemic arteries where the blood loses O2 and gains CO2. The now deoxygenated blood enters the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus and the process starts aging. For a fetus blood circulation, it is carried from the placenta to the fetus by the umbilical vein. It then passes to the inferior vena cava by way of the ductus venosus this is a temporary fetal vessel connecting the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava. The blood then enters the right atrium, and continues through the foramen ovale into the left atrium and moves down to the left ventricle which pumps to the aorta. Only a small amount oxygenated blood from the right ventricle flows into the pulmonary arteries. The blood eventually reaches the ductus arteriosus into the aorta some of the blood passing through the ascending aorta enters the descending aorta and then passes into the umbilical arteries and is returned to the placenta. A heart rate pf 120-160 is normal for an infant. Pulmonary circulation is reduced in the fetus...
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