SUMMARY CBH Ex I CELLS AND ORGANELLES
Cell Membrane: consist of a lipid bilayer. Hydrophobic tails are located in the interior. Transmembrane protiens are anchored to the core of the bilayer and can be removed only by detergents that disrupt the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins are attatched to the cell surface electrostatically and are easily removed by altering the pH. Eucaryotic cells with outer- and intra- cellular membranes
~ half the cell’s total volume -separate intracellular organelles
Nucleus- double membrane-bound organelle containing chromatin. Contains the genetic blueprint for every protein in the body.
Nuclear Envelope- separates and mediates transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and is supported by intermediate filament proteins, the lamins.
Nucleolus- dense non membrane bound structure. rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.
Ribosome-consists of 2 subunits of ribosomal RNA. Protein synthesis- formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to make polypeptide chains using messenger RNA as a template.
Endoplasmic reticulum-
(rER) Protein synthesis
(sER)is involved in steroid synthesis and detoxification.
Golgi apparatus- determines vesicle fate. Finaly assembly and glycosylation of proteins.
Mitochondria – double membrane bound energy production mainly in the form of ATP
Lysosomes- high acidity, killing of pathogenic organisms, and degradation of waste products. Endosomes-
Peroxisomes – production of hydrogen peroxide for killing pathogens, detoxification fo certain toxic materials, b-oxidation of long chain fatty acids, synthesis of bile acids (in liver) sole source of plasmalogens.
Melanin- brown pigment in the cytoplasm. Skin pigmentation.
Each organelle contains a distinct set of proteins (and lipids), which mediate its unique functions.
Each newly synthesized organelle protein must find its