...She is the queen who danced while the people starved; who spent extravagantly on clothes and jewels without a thought for her subjects’ plight. Such is the distorted but widespread view of Marie-Antoinette, Queen of France (1755-1793), wife of King Louis XVI. In recent years the Coppola film has further damaged the image of the much-maligned, beautiful and charming Austrian archduchess, sent to France at age fourteen to marry the fifteen-year-old Dauphin. Sadly, the picture many people now have of Marie-Antoinette is of her running through Versailles with a glass of champagne in her hand, eating bonbons all day long, and rolling in the bushes with a lover. In reality, she was a teetotaller who ate frugally. She was notorious for her intense modesty. Even some prominent biographers, who have insisted upon the possibility of an affair with Swedish Count Axel von Fersen, have had to admit that there is no solid evidence. Yes, she had a gambling problem when young. She loved to entertain and had wonderful parties. She liked to dance the night away, but settled down when the children started to come. She had a lively sense of humor. Her clothes, yes, were magnificent; volumes could and have been written about Marie-Antoinette’s style. She did gradually introduce simpler fashions to France, however. It is known that Queen Marie-Antoinette had high moral standards. She did not permit uncouth or off-color remarks in her presence. She exercised a special vigilance over anyone in...
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...An Essay on Economic Theory An English translation of Richard Cantillon’s Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général An Essay on Economic Theory An English translation of Richard Cantillon’s Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général Translated by Chantal Saucier Edited by Mark Thornton 4 An Essay on Economic Theory © 2010 by the Ludwig von Mises Institute and published under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Ludwig von Mises Institute 518 West Magnolia Avenue Auburn, Alabama 36832 mises.org ISBN: 978-1-61016-001-8 Foreword Robert F. Hébert Following a century of neglect, William Stanley Jevons, in the first blush of discovery, proclaimed Cantillon’s Essai, “the cradle of political economy.” Subsequent growth and development of economic thought has not really alerted us to the subtleties of this succinct appraisal. A cradle holds new life; and there can be little doubt that the Essai added new life to the organizing principles of economics. But “political economy” does not accurately describe the subject Cantillon addressed. Indeed, he scrupulously avoided political issues in order to concentrate on the mechanics of eighteenth-century economic life. When confronted by “extraneous” factors, such as politics, Cantillon insisted that such considerations be put aside, “so as not to complicate our subject,” he said, thus invoking a kind of ceteris paribus assumption before...
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...effects such as vasoconstriction and acceleration of heart rate and result in tachycardia and dysrhythmias. Pharmacokinetics Atomoxetine is dosed according to weights of patients (Saucer et al., 2005). It is orally administered with fine absorption, bioavailability = 0.63 and 0.94 for extensive metaboliser (EM) and poor metaboliser (PM) respectively (Saucer et al., 2005), with maximum plasma concentration achieved after 2 to 3 hours (Allen et al., 2004). Once-daily dosing in the morning can be as effective as twice-daily dosing in EM with its effect last to evening and the next morning (Allen et al., 2004), and it is convenient for the patients. Atomoxetine has high plasm protein binding affinity, 98.7% and 96.5% EM and PM respectively (Chalon et al., 2003), so administration with high protein foods may decrease absorption rate. It is then metabolised by Cytochrome P450 in liver. Oxidising atomoxetine to its major metabolite 4-hydroxyatomoxetine by Cyp2D6 is phase I metabolism, with some N-desmethylatomoxetine also observed (Long et al., 2003). Therefore, its metabolism pathway encounters polymorphism with the bimodal population...
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...At its territorial height in the first and second century CE, the Roman Empire may have contained between 45 million and 120 million people. The Roman military can be viewed as one of the greatest armies in world history. Historian Edward Gibbon estimated that "the size of the Roman army most probably formed a standing force of three hundred and seventy-five thousand men, at the Empire's territorial peak in the time of the Emperor Hadrian." The Roman population slowly decreased because many barbaric tribes settled along the borders of the Empire and began sacking cities and attacking villages. By the end of the fourth and the beginning of the fifth century, the Roman military began to decay into tons of problems. Many factors contributed to the military decline of the Roman Empire, including a lack of discipline, financial problems, and poor military tactics and decisions by the empire. In result of these factors, barbarians were able to attack the walls of the empire with more ease because of the lack of defense. These barbarian attacks helped prone the efficiency of the army's defenses and tactics which impart the major downfall of the empire. A change in military tactics during the third and fourth century CE was central in the decline of the Roman Army. This left commanders and soldiers confused, this resulted as well in casualties and loses in war. Because of a controversial change in tactics and weapons, the Romans were virtually useless against these barbaric...
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...Dear Student, To assist you all in preparing your financial documents, please read through the following: Start preparing these documents once your admission is confirmed. 1 You must show as liquid assets to the tune of sum total of the amount =Tuition fees + living expenses 2 Living expense amount is calculated as 500 – 700 Euros*no of months of stay depending on the size (small / medium size town or city like Chalon-sur-Saône – big city like Paris) of the place where you are going to stay in France 3 Tuition fees are generally to be paid in installments. (The amount and periodicity of payment varies from institute to institute) 4 Amongst the documents of financial proof: • Affidavit of support on a stamp paper attested by a first class magistrate / notary public. This sponsorship may be from father/ mother/ both / relative. This statement is worded as follows (for example): |To whomsoever it may concern | |I Mr. Name of sponsor pledge to bear the financial responsibility to the tune of Rs _________(write in | |numerals and do not use the word “lacs” the French do not understand it) towards Mr/Miss your name’s higher| |education in France. | | | |Signature of deponent or sponsor...
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...Product Information Instrument Disinfection Ready-to-use high level disinfectant for the disinfection of flexible endoscopes and medical instruments 0297 gigasept PAA ® Our plus aldehyde free broad microbiological effectiveness prevention of biofilm ready-to-use Forms of supply/ Packaging units gigasept® PAA is available in the following formats Product / Accessories gigasept PAA gigasept PAA test strips Key Pack Size 5 Ltr 50 strips in a single tube 1 unit Case Size 4 x 5 Ltr 1 unit Product Code 195751 195704 135810 Chemical – Physical data Appearance: pH: Density at 20°C: clear liquid, colourless appr. 4 1,02 g/ml Microbiological Effectiveness gigasept® PAA is effective against Bacteria Mycobacterium terrae Fungi Spores Viruses EN 1040, EN 13727 (clean conditions) EN 14348 EN 1275, EN 13624 EN 14347 (clean conditions) EN 14476 5 min 5 min 5 min 5 min 5 min Instructions for use Areas of application gigasept® PAA is a unique patented formulation, designed specifically for manual or semiautomated disinfection/processing of pre-cleaned flexible endoscopes, ophtalmological equipment, surgical instruments made of stainless steel and heat sensitive medical devices. gigasept® PAA is active immediately and stable over 7 days or 50 cycles. The solution can be tested using gigasept® PAA test stripes. Always ensure the pre-cleaning of the endoscope and a complete wetting of the surfaces. Immerse hollow objects in such a way that air escapes completely from the lumen...
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...CHAPTER ONE CAMERA OBSCURA A camera obscura was one of the most important devices ever created in the world of photography. It is an optical device that led to the camera. A camera obscura consists of a box or room with a hole in one side. Light from an external scene passes through the hole and strikes a surface inside, where it is reproduced, rotated 180 degrees upside-down, but with color and perspective contained. The image can be projected onto paper, and can then be traced to produce a highly accurate representation. Did you know he largest camera obscura in the world is on Constitution Hill in Aberystwyth, Wales? The first surviving mention of some of the principles behind the pinhole camera or camera obscura belongs to Mozi who lived 470 to 390 BCE. Mozi was a Chinese philosopher and the founder of Mohism. He correctly asserted that the image in a camera obscura is flipped upside down because light travels in straight lines from its source. His disciples developed this into a minor theory of optics. The Greek philosopher Aristotle lived from 384 to 322 BCE, understood the optical principle of the pinhole camera. Aristotle viewed the crescent shape of a partially eclipsed sun projected on the ground through the holes in a sieve and through the gaps between the leaves of a plane tree. In the 4th century, Greek scholar Theon of Alexandria observed that "candlelight passing through a pinhole will create an illuminated spot on a screen that is directly in line...
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...stay away. until killing his brother in 445 A.D., hence becoming the solo ruler of the Huns. During this leadership of the Huns, he was one of the most feared enemies of the Eastern and Western Roman Empires, becoming known as an aggressive and ruthless leader. Under his ruler he expanded his forces with Germanic tribes and attacking the Eastern Roman Empire in destructive battles from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. Attila saw Rome as a feeble adversary and around 446 A.D., invaded the region of Moesia, in turn destroying over 70 cities. He then took survivors as hostages and slaves and taking any money found back to the city of Buda. Battle of the Catalaunian Plains The Battle of the Catalaunian Plains also called the Battle of Chalons, took place on June 20, 451 A.D., between the Roman general Flavius Aetius, Theodoric I king of the Visigoths against the Huns led by Attila. Flavius Aetius Flavius Aetius or Aetius for short was often called ‘the last of the Romans.’ As a boy, he was in service of the imperial court, and between 405 A.D. and 408 A.D., was kept as a hostage at the court of Alaric I king of the Visigoths. He later becomes the hostage at the court of Uldin, king of the Huns. Many say that his upbringing with the Huns gave him experience most Roman generals do not have. Throughout the years Aetius – Rome, racked up enemies on all sides, it would take a lot of diplomacy and military strategy to keep Rome from falling apart. Aetius with his skills he removed...
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...Health Care Communication Methods DeAndrea Wheeler HCS/320 June 11, 2013 Chalon Washington As the Communication Coordinator for this well known drug manufacturer, we will now debate and discus how we will get information to the public about the negative effects that our medications are causing the public. Our goal, as a vital asset to the public and medical community, is to convey all concerns to our community in a very sensitive and careful way. Using the power of newspapers, radio, internet, social networking and news related companies. The local news has already reported that a well-known public figure has been effected which goes against the health portability and accountability act. So as communication coordinator it is important to communicate this issue carefully, addressing the proper population, without losing business and the trust we created with our investors and consumers. Today in our meeting, we will discuss very important aspects of our company’s medical concerns and deciding which communication tactic is most suitable for this situation, while sticking to the very important and necessary HIPPAA guidelines. We will start by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using traditional media, to get the news out to a significant number of the population. Recent reports of negative effects caused by one of the company’s medications need to be addressed. News reports have alleged that one of the individuals is a well-known public figure. Traditional media...
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...RAMIFICATIONS OF THE PAPACY’S POWER IN ROME Church History 301 April 20, 2014 Ramifications of the Papacy’s Power in Rome The papacy – the office held by the pope as head of the Catholic Church - gained great power from the sixth through eighth centuries, and there are several reasons for this surge in influence. Starting around 590, Pope Gregory I sought to convert Teutonic invaders to Christianity. Islam was also in play, as it had taken over most of Asia and Africa. According to Earl Cairns, by trying to win Teutonic tribes to Christianity, the medieval church “…further centralized its organization under papal supremacy and developed the sacramental-hierarchical system characteristic of the Roman Catholic Church.” In addition, the church had started with Christ, who made Peter the first Pope in Rome. Hence, it was evident that this would be fitting for the location of the papacy. Jesus had given Peter the keys to the kingdom, asserting that Peter was the rock on which he would build his church (Matthew 16:18-19). Basing the Church in Rome enabled close coordination of political and ecclesiastical leadership, especially since it was still under Roman rule. Another factor, which gave the Roman church its authority, was Damascus I (366-384), who called the church in Rome the apostolic see and named himself pontifex maximus, a name once held by the emperor of Rome. This elevated the authority of the church in the minds of Christians, and it elevated the political...
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...attack was led by Julius Caesar. These wars made him the dictator/ruler of Rome. It was also known as the battle of Gaul. The Romans lost 12,800 to 60,000 troops and the Gallic had 40,000 trapped by the Romans. • The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest – It happened in 9AD. It was located in Germany and the Teutoburg Forest. The Romans lost 35,000 and the Germans didn’t lose many. • The Battle of the Milvian Bridge – It happened in 312. It was fought at the Milvian Bridge outside Rome. It was a civil war. The losses of the war are unknown, but they would of all been Romans. • The Battle of the Catalaunian Plains – It happened in 451. It was fought between the Huns and a Roman and Visigoth army. It was located in France, Troyes, Champagne and Châlons-en-Champagne. The Huns defeat prevented the destruction of Gaul. That battle strategies did they use? • What kind of armour and weapons did they use? • Their weapons evolved over time to deal with the growing demands of war. • WEAPONS • The Gladius • The sword they used was called the Gladius. The Gladius was a short sword used by everyone in the army. It was first used by the Spanish. During the Second Punic wars between Rome and the Carthage the Roman General Scipio Africanus took a liking to the sword and began the sword to the legions as their main weapon. During combat it could be used for stabbing or slashing but it was normally used for sword to sword combat. It was used for the rest of the Roman Republic and into the early years...
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...Throughout history there have been numerous counts of individuals who have seemingly sprung from nowhere and ravaged prosperous empires. Attila the Hun is no different. To most people, he is merely known as a mindless barbarian. Nothing about the man himself, his world, or his significance is ever discussed, which detracts from the influential person that he was. There was so much more to him than mere barbarism. Attila’s power derived from his astonishing character. He was brutal and arrogant, but also was able to gain the support of millions with his brilliance. The Huns thought him semi divine, Goths and other barbarians adored him, and educated Westerners were proud to serve him. Not only was he a powerful leader, but also a canny politician. With his vast array of qualities, Attila played a significant role in Europe during his lifetime and very nearly altered the course of its future. By becoming such a prominent figure in such a short period of time, it is a disgrace to his legacy that people do not know more about Attila the Hun other than the fact that he was a savage. This portrayal of him in itself does not do him justice because he truly was so much more. The story of Attila begins in Mongolia, which has been the progenitor of great and violent leaders. Though his origins are in question, with a certain amount of empirical evidence it has been popularly concluded that Attila belonged to a group of Mongolian or Turkic nomadic tribes from northeastern China and Mongolia...
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...MEDIEVAL WEAPONS Other Titles in ABC-CLIO’s WEAPONS AND WARFARE SERIES Aircraft Carriers, Paul E. Fontenoy Ancient Weapons, James T. Chambers Artillery, Jeff Kinard Ballistic Missiles, Kev Darling Battleships, Stanley Sandler Cruisers and Battle Cruisers, Eric W. Osborne Destroyers, Eric W. Osborne Helicopters, Stanley S. McGowen Machine Guns, James H. Willbanks Military Aircraft in the Jet Age, Justin D. Murphy Military Aircraft, 1919–1945, Justin D. Murphy Military Aircraft, Origins to 1918, Justin D. Murphy Pistols, Jeff Kinard Rifles, David Westwood Submarines, Paul E. Fontenoy Tanks, Spencer C. Tucker MEDIEVAL WEAPONS AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THEIR IMPACT Kelly DeVries Robert D. Smith Santa Barbara, California • Denver, Colorado • Oxford, England Copyright 2007 by ABC-CLIO, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data DeVries, Kelly, 1956– Medieval weapons : an illustrated history of their impact / Kelly DeVries and Robert D. Smith. p. cm. — (Weapons and warfare series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-10: 1-85109-526-8 (hard copy : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-85109-531-4...
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...6 août 2014 LOGISTIQUE ET ADMINISTRATION DU COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL François Soulet de Brugière 16 avenue de la Clairière 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq Tél mobile : +33 (0)6.0779.0699 e-mail : fsoulet@leroymerlin.fr I. Le monde et sa diversité 21 I - A : Les perceptions du monde 21 I-A-1 / La perception de l’espace 21 I-A-2 / La perception du temps 22 I-A-3 / La perception de l'argent 23 I-A-4 / La perception du rapport à l'autre 23 I-A-5 / Les espaces économiques mondiaux, 23 I - B : Territoire national, territoire douanier et territoire fiscal 41 I-B-1 / La France : 83 territoires et possessions à ce jour : 41 I-B-2 / Le territoire fiscal communautaire 41 I-B-3 / Les principaux opérateurs du commerce extérieur 43 II. Etre présents sur les marchés étrangers 43 II - A : Les différentes formes de distribution 43 II-A-1 / Les trois formes de distribution 43 II-A-2 / Le transfert de savoir-faire 43 II-A-3 / 7 Critères capitaux de sélection d’un fournisseur 44 II-A-4 / Les possibilités de représentation commerciale à l'étranger 44 II-A-5 / L’entreprise conjointe (Joint Venture – JV) 44 II-A-6 / Les zones franches (Free Trade Zone) 45 II-A-7 / Le dispositif français d'aide à l'export en matière commerciale 45 II-A-8 / Les entreprises françaises et l’export 52 II-A-9 / Une esquisse...
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